Maine

I see the ship that took me through the gates of Erebus, and down into sulfurous Tartarus.

It had flown through the cold air for three thousand miles, 

Far away from my cold Ithaca,

Just to deliver me to the warm air of suffering.

I was obligated to come here, too this burning place

Without a choice, without the ability to opt out.

Forced to endure hard earthed grounds, and sleep deprivation.

Without the ability to bargain with Hades.

My attempts to rest are broken by the Erinyes,

ripping at my soft flesh, my knees shattering under their whips.

I wait a month for my freedom, a break from my shackles.

For the φθινόπωρο, for Eurus to carry me home on soft autumnal winds.

For the return to my cold Ithaca.  

There is a conversation between souls that only the heart can hear (English Version)

The meeting of souls… a language only the heart understands

In a time filled with noise, silence is sometimes the most eloquent means of understanding. In a world governed by material relationships and false appearances, the meeting of souls still holds a profound secret that cannot be explained or written about, but rather felt and experienced.

What is the meeting of souls?

It is a feeling that cannot be begged for or contrived. When you meet another soul, you feel comfortable with them without prior acquaintance, and you feel as if they have been inside you for a long time. You know them, and they know you, they hear you without speaking, and they sense you even from thousands of miles away. It is that silent understanding, a harmony that needs no justification, and a presence that does not ask for permission.

Souls meet before bodies

Ibn al-Qayyim, may God have mercy on him, said: “Souls are conscripted soldiers. Those that recognize each other will get along, and those that do not recognize each other will disagree.”

This statement clearly indicates that souls may reunite before their companions’ bodies meet in this world, as if there were a previous world where good souls reunited. When they meet on earth, they recognize each other without warning.

The meeting of souls is not bound by time.

You may meet someone for a single moment and feel closer to them than anyone you’ve known for decades. You may spend years with others without feeling any real connection with them. Meetings are not governed by time, but by honesty, transparency of feelings, and purity of intention.

Is it love? Friendship? Or something deeper?

The meeting of souls cannot be summed up in a single mold. It may be love, friendship, or a fleeting relationship that remains etched in the memory. But it always leaves an indelible mark on the soul and teaches us that the most beautiful bonds are built not with words, but with sincere feelings.

Why do we long for certain souls?

Because, quite simply, our souls know who they like and are drawn to those who are similar to them. We may miss someone we haven’t spent enough time with, but we have experienced a rare, unforgettable feeling with them.

In conclusion…

The meeting of souls is a divine gift that doesn’t come every day, or with just anyone. It’s a hidden blessing and a reminder that what unites people is much deeper than appearance, name, or circumstances.

If you find someone who you feel is similar in spirit to you, hold on to them and be honest with them. That moment may not happen twice.

تلاقي الأرواح… لغة لا يفهمها إلا القلب

في زمنٍ امتلأ بالضجيج، بات الصمت أحيانًا أبلغ وسيلة للفهم. وفي عالم تحكمه العلاقات المادية والمظاهر الزائفة، لا يزال تلاقي الأرواح يحمل سرًا عميقًا لا يُفسر ولا يُكتب، بل يُحَسّ ويُعاش.

ما هو تلاقي الأرواح؟

هو شعور لا يُستَجدى ولا يُفتعل. حين تلتقي بروحٍ أخرى فترتاح لها دون سابق معرفة، وتشعر وكأنها كانت في داخلك منذ زمن، تعرفها وتعرفك، تَسمعك دون أن تتكلم، وتشعر بك ولو من خلف آلاف الأميال. إنه ذلك التفاهم الصامت، الانسجام الذي لا يحتاج لتبرير، والحضور الذي لا يطلب إذنًا.

الأرواح تتلاقى قبل الأجساد

قال ابن القيم رحمه الله: “الأرواح جنود مجندة، ما تعارف منها ائتلف، وما تناكر منها اختلف.”

وفي هذا القول إشارة واضحة إلى أن الأرواح قد تتآلف قبل أن تتلاقى أجساد أصحابها في الدنيا، وكأن هنالك عالمًا سابقًا تآلفت فيه الأرواح الطيبة، فحين تلتقي في الأرض، تميّز بعضها البعض دون مقدمات.

تلاقي الأرواح لا يرتبط بالزمن

قد تلتقي شخصًا للحظة واحدة، فتشعر أنه أقرب إليك من كل من عرفتهم لعقود. وقد تمضي مع آخرين أعوامًا، دون أن تشعر معهم بأي تواصل حقيقي. فالتلاقي لا يحكمه الزمن، بل الصدق، وشفافية المشاعر، ونقاء النية.

هل هو حب؟ صداقة؟ أم شيء أعمق؟

تلاقي الأرواح لا يمكن أن يُختصر في قالبٍ واحد. فقد يكون حبًا، وقد يكون صداقة، وقد يكون علاقة عابرة تبقى محفورة في الذاكرة. لكنه دائمًا يترك في النفس أثرًا لا يُمحى، ويعلمنا أن أجمل الروابط لا تُبنى بالكلام، بل بالشعور الصادق.

لماذا نشتاق لأرواح بعينها؟

لأن أرواحنا، ببساطة، تعرف من يطيب لها، وتنجذب لمن يشبهها. وقد نشتاق إلى من لم نعش معه وقتًا كافيًا، لكننا عشنا معه شعورًا نادرًا، لا يمكن نسيانه.

في الختام…

تلاقي الأرواح هو منحة إلهية، لا تأتي كل يوم، ولا مع أي أحد. هي رزق خفي، وتذكير لنا أن ما يجمع البشر أعمق بكثير من الشكل أو الاسم أو الظروف.

فإن وجدت من تشعر بأنه يشبهك روحًا، فتمسك به، وكن صادقًا معه، فقد لا تتكرر تلك اللحظة مرتين.

Truss tissues

“Believe me,” he said;

which meant I im-

mediately didn’t. &

that more a testament

to my cynicism than to

his lack of credibility.

A done deal

He refused to talk

about the past.  It’s

a done deal he

would say, something

you cannot change

even if you wanted

to.  That was the

public face. Privately

he was reinventing it,

rearranging it in a way

that made it more

palatable to remember,

more profitable for a

later presentation.

A Mango Mantra

      i.m. RKS

It is the longest night of the year.

I am thinking of you tonight. A

circuitous route as to how I got

here, starting off by turning poems

over in my head, one in particular

coming to mind, no special significance

in it, apart from the time of writing.

Tipping & I intoning a mango mantra

onto a tape which we sent off, a variety of

intonations as in man go, woman goes also,

through to Vincent Man Gogh. & then

the thought of the fruit itself, & the ideal

way to prepare it, to slice it & then score the

flesh so that when bent it presents itself

as a series of mango cubes, edible LEGO®.

A faint but bitter memory

Jerked us around

she did, telling us to

go here, to go there, no

place recognizable,

each much the same

as the last, as the

others.  Finally

came to one we did

recognize — she saying

look, they obviously don’t

know who you are, don’t

trust you, but they know

me, will deal with me.

Give me the money &

I’ll be back in five minutes.

Fame & Fable

It seems that many of the

inventors still talked about

never saw their work brought

into being — take da Vinci’s

lens grinder, Babbage’s Diffe-

rence Engine. Others talked,

made things, but never existed.

Are equally celebrated for the

failures of their fables. Such as

Daedalus’ who has a plinth to

himself — the wings with wax

which melted & cast Icarus

into the sea, the labyrinth on

Crete unraveled by a thread.

The circus comes to town

The precision of the acro-

bats & the random actions

of the clowns contrast to

create a tension which

the ringmaster disperses

when he slices through it

whipcracking on a white

horse & surrounded by

his elegant assistants.

But the progress of the

circus parade is still dic-

tated by the pace of the

elephants & the amount

of shit they leave behind.

Accuracy of the teacher’s speech

Student of Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages

Tursunxo’jayeva Malika Abdusamat qizi

abdusamadovnamalika@gmail.com

932412315

Supervisor: Isamutdinova Durdona

Annotation: This article explores the importance of clarity in a teacher’s speech during the educational process. Clear, comprehensible, and logically coherent speech positively influences students’ knowledge acquisition. The study analyzes the main principles of speech clarity, methods to achieve it, and the relationship between speech culture and the teacher’s pedagogical skills.

Keywords:teacher’s speech, clarity, speech culture, pedagogical skills, effectiveness of education

1. The concept of precision

Clarity means that an idea expressed in speech is conveyed clearly, clearly, without hesitation. A teacher’s speech should convey knowledge to students in a clear and understandable form. If a teacher speaks abstractly, confusingly, or inaccurately, it negatively affects the students’ process of accepting knowledge.

2. Main features of teacher speech

Clarity: Ideas are expressed simply and clearly.

Logicality: Sentences and thoughts are interrelated and orderly.

Intelligibility: Speech is built in a language appropriate to the age and level of knowledge of the students.

Brevity and laconia: Redundant words, sentences that are not related to the topic are avoided.

Sounding accuracy: Pronunciation must be correct and fluore.

3. Methods to achieve accuracy

Advance preparation: Create a thoughtful plan for the lesson.

Highlighting Important Points: Illustrate by highlighting, with examples.

Using plain and simple words: Interpret complex terms separately if necessary.

Monitoring communication: Checking whether students understand.

Maintaining logical consistency: Each idea should be linked to the previous one.

4. Factors that compromise accuracy

Vague expressions and abstract expressions.

Unnecessary complexity and unrelated thoughts in speech. Pronunciation and grammar errors.

Being too low or too loud the volume.

5. Accuracy of teacher speech and teaching effectiveness

Clear and understandable speech will ensure that students can:

actively listen to the lesson,

Have a deep understanding of the topic,

Helps him answer questions accurately and independently. Also, clarity makes the lesson fun, dynamic, and effective.

6. Ways of developing teacher speech

Perform special exercises in speech culture.

Learning techniques for storytelling and information.

Read books and constantly work on yourself.

analyze their own speech, recording sessions with audio and video.

7. Scientific and theoretical foundations

From the point of view of psycholinguistics, clarity is the clarity in the process of encoding and decoding an idea.

Corresponding to each subject, the accuracy of the teacher’s speech will also be specific. For example, if in the speech of a mathematics teacher, clarity is manifested in strict formulas and logical sequences, then in the speech of a literature teacher along with clarity there must be expressiveness.

In modern education, with the help of technologies (presentation, audio-visual means), speech clarity is further strengthened.

In didactic science, accuracy is considered as an important condition that contributes to the active cognitive activity of the student.

The importance of accuracy in teacher speech:

Quickly and correctly forms knowledge in pupils.

Increases the interest and attention of the audience.

Will help to perfectly understand the material being studied.

Develops students’ ability to think independently.

Recommendations to improve speech clarity:

Careful preparation for each lesson.

Express ideas simply and briefly in sentences.

Timely and correct interpretation of subject terms.

Speak a language appropriate to the level of the audience.

And the following are also important

1. Clarity of thought

The teacher must express his thoughts in an understandable way, without confusion. It is necessary to explain both complex ideas in a simple and logical sequence.

2. Lexical clarity

The meaning of the words and terms must be clear. Avoid unnecessarily complicated wording, choose words that are relevant to the topic and understandable to readers.

3. Syntactic accuracy. The structure of the sentence should be fluent and laconic. Too long and confusing sentences should be avoided.

4. Loyalty to the subject. The teacher expresses each of his thoughts without deviating from the topic being studied. The main focus is on unlocking the topic’s content.

5. Order and Logic. Ideas need to be in a logical connection to each other. Simple concepts are explained step by step, then complex concepts first.

6. Create Ease of Understanding

Bringing a complex idea to a simpler form for readers by giving examples, comparisons and analogies where necessary increases accuracy

In conclusion, the accuracy of the teacher’s speech is an important factor ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process. Through accuracy, knowledge is conveyed to learners in a clear, understandable and impactful manner. The teacher must strive to express his thoughts clearly, logically and purposefully. The clarity of speech serves students to develop a deep understanding of the topic, the development of their independent thinking and reasoning skills. Therefore, each teacher should always pay attention to the accuracy of his speech, consistently work on its development.

References:

1. Gafurov M. — “Fundamentals of speech culture”

2. Azizkho’jayev A. — “Pedagogical technologies”

3. Vygotsky L.S. — “Communication and thinking”

4. Soliev A., Makhmudov M. — “Pedagogical skills”

5. Levina R.A. — Rhetoric and Culture of Speech

6. Kara-Murza S.G. — Fundamentals of speech culture and communication

Jurayev M., Islamov I. – Fundamentals of speech culture, Tashkent, 2018.

7. Ochilov M. – Uzbek language and speech culture, Tashkent, 2019.

– about the accuracy, types of accuracy and accuracy of speech in teaching activity.

8. Toshmatov M. – pedagogical skills, Tashkent, 2020.

– Details about the teacher’s speech, pedagogical techniques and methods of expressive expression.

9. Sultanova D. – Culture of language and speech, Tashkent, 2017.

– about compliance with the norms of language, accuracy and accuracy of expression.

10. Materials of the State Testing Center under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan –

– modern requirements for speech of teachers, recommendations for speech culture.

11. Aristotle – Rhetoric – The art of speech, the ancient theoretical foundations of clarity and logical expression.

12. Cicero (Mark Tully) – De Oratore – Ancient Roman experience in the culture of speaking, clarity and expressive speech construction.

13. Quintilian – Institutio Oratoria

– principles of speech structure, clarity and fluency for teachers and speakers.

14. Dale Carnegie – The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking

– modern methods of speech clarity, clarity and clarity in public speech.

15. Herbert Paul Grice – Logic and Conversation – Modern theories about the principles of communication in speech (clarity, brevity, relevance).

Views.

الرحلةُ إلى الداخل

تغريد بو مرعي – لبنان – البرازيل 

الظلُّ الذي سبقَ ظلّه

توقف أمام قطار الزمن

 فرأى

أنّ العابرين لا يحملون وجوههم،

وأنّ الخطى لا تترك أثراً إلا في الذاكرة.

تأمّل ذاته المنفلتة من زمنٍ لم يكتبه،

كان يعلم أن الماضي لا يعود،

لكنّه لم يكن يدرك أن الحنين

هو شكل آخر للوقوف في محطة لا تصلها القطارات.

سأله الزمن:

“لماذا تسبقكَ، أيّها الظل؟”

فأجاب بصوتٍ لا يسمعه إلا من فقد صوته:

“لأنني أدركت أنَّ الضوء يتأخر أحياناً،

وأنَّ الحقيقة ليست فيما نراه،

بل فيما يُحجب عنا.”

وحين عاد القطار ليعبر من جديد،

لم يتحرك…

لأنّه علم أن بعض الرحلات

لا تكون نحو الأمام،

بل نحو الداخل.

THE JOURNEY WITHIN

The shadow that preceded its own

Stopped before the train of time,

And saw

That the passersby carried no faces,

And that footsteps leave no trace—except in memory.

He contemplated his self, escaping from a time he never wrote,

He knew the past never returns,

But he hadn’t realized that longing

Is another form of standing at a station no train ever reaches.

Time asked him:

“Why do you go ahead of yourself, O shadow?”

And he replied with a voice only those who’ve lost theirs could hear:

“Because I’ve learned that light is sometimes delayed,

And that truth is not in what we see,

But in what is hidden from us.”

And when the train passed again,

He did not move…

For he had come to know that some journeys

Are not forward,

But inward.

©®TAGHRID BOU MERHI – LEBANON – BRAZIL

The Hound of the Baskervilles

Examine close reading of The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes with textual references and critical perspectives.

Arthur Conan Doyle’s crime novella is a canonical work of speculative fiction and detective literature that explores the hellhound of the Baskerville legends as a diabolical agency, huge creature, luminous, ghastly, spectral devil phosphorus painted baying werewolf spirited beast haunting the legacy of Baskerville estate and suburbians of Dartmoor Grimpen mire. In reality the mystery behind this superstitious supernatural phenomenon is a death entrapment laid down by Rodger Baskerville II in the disguise of Jack Stapleton. However the antithesis of superstitious mythicism is shrewdly contested by the skeptical detective Sherlock Holmes, and thus supernatural gothicism is challenged to the core of realistic cosmos. Selden, the absconded convict, kinsman to the Barrymores, is suspiciously implicated for his fiendish notoriety of Notting Hill case “ferocity of the crime” and “wanton brutality of the assassin”; but lately acquitted from allegation through befallen excruciating death perpetrated by the baying hound. “Barren waste moors, chilling winds and darkling skies” foreshadows saturnine funebrial macabre as envisioning of the literature of gothicism and foretelling chronicles of sublime detective fiction. 

The popularity of the impeccable detective hero Sherlock Holmes foregrounds intuitive logic, astute observations, perspicuous inferences to reveal the murder mystery of the heir to the Baskerville fortune in The Hound of the Baskervilles. Diabolical supernatural agency of the hellhound is a core paradox fabricated within the threads of this occultist murder mystery. Sherlock Holmes cast as the voice of reason and rationality to challenge the swashbuckling psychorama. In this detective fiction, archetypal plot twists occur along with the progression of the storyline, in anticipation of a reverse chronology, in which the murder mystery of Charles Baskerville is committed surrounding a close circle of suspects before a gradual reconstruction of the past. Contemporaneous detective novels of Arthur Conan Doyle is diversified canon of hybridized and fluid genres involving stereotyped characters within middle class family settings, duelling and feuding in all likelihood for identity and individuality, vindictive salvation and retributive justice, freedom and equality, importance of knowledge and the discovery of buried family ties. Central characters and formal elements of the Hound of Baskervilles is a conglomeration of thrill, mystery, suspense, horror, terror, spookiness, creepiness, grisliness and wonder. However, unlike Gothic literature, wonder and terror of the supernatural, fantastic and romantic worldview: suspension of disbelief is silhouetted into obscurity; ie, the murder mystery spectacle of Gothic tradition. Afterall, the real monsters weren’t the supernatural beasts of legends but the darkness hiding within human hearts. 

Howcatchem and whodunit of the Devonshire is interwoven by scientific empiricism and human psychology, bringing to the fore: epistolary chronicles between duo Holmes and Watson; weathering the taste of time; entrenched within themes, motifs, settings and psyches of Victorian England. Sherlock and Watson formulated after all, Rodger staged as Stapeton in order to get rid of the competitor rivals to the family estate and legacy of Baskerville fortunes. However, the fin-de-siecle of the prophetic rhetoric implied in the diction of Dr. James Mortimer is lucid and succinct, “there is a realm in which the most acute and most experienced of detectives is helpless.” The shoplifting of money in South America by Rodger as the imposter Vandeleur of preparatory educator of East Yorkshire and entomology research fellow of the Museum is the retrospective foreshadowing of the modern detective fiction. Jack Stapleton is the aftermath of his wedding with Beryl Garcia in Costa Rica and simultaneous settlement in England upon the voyage home. Vandeleurs occupied the Fraser’s fortune and eventually sank from disrepute to infamy. Fallaciousness of the specious identity of Vandeleur and/or Jack Stapleton alongwith the baronet’s ‘mastiff hellhound’s flaming jaws and blazing eyes’ limelights fin-de-siecle detective  masterpiece.  

Further Reading, References, Endnotes and Podcasts

The Hound of the Baskervilles pp. 75

Chapter Title: In the Closet of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: The Private Life of Sherlock

Holmes (1970), Book Title: A Foreign Affair, Book Subtitle: Billy Wilder’s American Films, Book Author(s): Gerd Gemünden, Published by: Berghahn Books. (2008)

Studies in the Literature of Sherlock Holmes, Robert Knox, Bluebook, Oxford lectures, (1910)

Introduction: What is Crime Fiction? Charles J. Rzepka

Chapter Defining Detective Fiction © The Author(s) 2023, S. J. Link, A Narratological Approach to Lists in Detective Fiction, Crime Files, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33227-2_2

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Degeneration, Fin-de-Siecle Gothic, and the Science of Detection: Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles and the Emergence of the Modern Detective Story, Nils Clausson, University of Regina, December 2005, Journal of Narrative Theory 35(1):60-87, Eastern Michigan University, pp. 1-25

Sherlock Holmes Codes the Social Body, Rosemary Jann [George Mason University], ELH, Vol. 57, No. 3,  Autumn 1990, Johns Hopkins University Press. 

GLOVED

(Gloved. Hid in shadow. A blow ready to land–)

     love

              creeps on tiptoe

        blackjack in either hand.

IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION

She loved Jesus, the Church, and nuns.

Her favorite toy was her rosary.

He thought only of swords and guns,

of battles and of soldiery.

When she was little and he was young,

she had her Bible and he his drums.

The eagle grew up, as did the dove.

And when they grew up they fell in love,

He wore his beard just like a badge,

and her hair was like a halo.

But after they gave their pledge

he enlisted to be a sailor.

Off he went to win the war.

She hadn’t understood what he meant

when he said he got so bored

when she gave up her marriage for Lent.

When she was little and he was young

she got a Bible and he got a drum.

The eagle grew up, as did the dove,

and when they grew up they fell in love.

And their union was a wonderment

of matched opportunities and goals:

Because he was exploded at the front,

and she prays daily for his soul.

MOSES NEVER WON A NEBULA

Genesis was from the

earliest sci-fi writer,

with tales that told the genre:

A scientist who made

a universe and strove

to keep his androids safe

from any taste of morality

and free from immortality,

and the price the robots paid.

The creation of murder

and the mark it made,

and when the world was drowned.

And divine promises of forever,

transmutations into salt,

and how the nations came about,

and how languages began.

How a prisoner’s prophet dreams

unfolded the famines that led

to Pharaoh’s favor and reward

and the enslavement that resulted.

He wrote of giants and, later,

of supermen and leviathans,

and how to survive a whale

or a wilderness;

of bushes that talked and burned

and sawing the sea in half

and halting the course of suns.

Some Moses canon is in dispute,

but not his imagination.

IT WAS EVE WHO CHANGED TOMORROWS: A PORTRAIT

Your blonde avalanche threatens to end the temples;

ears vibrate with chants, hymns, and psalms of later rites.

Your eyebrows are branches from the destiny trees.

Your tongue smiles, predicts mankind’s ongoing journey

from garden to crypt, from safety to testedness

at Eden’s eclipse. Your eye looks to a future

lattice of your ribs guarding mankind’s heart,

though they’d been equipped to status your appendage.

Your garter snake lips pulse upon your marble face.

Though angels still dance and geologists still sigh,

your gold avalanche still may bury your temples.

THROWN OVER

Usurped by September,

last summer’s emperor

will pass into legend

with his castles of sand.

Days started to funnel

towards autumn’s narrow

dark-dominated hours

when the sun would unpower,

the maples would unleaf,

and the winds would turn knives.

You, Queen, deposed August,

saying earth was athirst.

You expect your new king

to provide your sweet reign.

September’s rule, so mild,

must soon give way to wild

tyrants whose boons are thorns,

brambles, bitter acorns.

I, the summer’s specter,

reminisce my scepter,

my signet, and my orb

while I try to absorb

this flood of banishment.

Once, before you rent

our robes of gold purple,

I ignored life’s circle.

It still seems long before

my son’s revolt restores.