First of all, contributor Jeff Rasley invites people to consider this opportunity to further education in Basa Village, where he has spent much time.

From Jeff: The people of Basa Village, Nepal, have requested our Foundation’s help with two projects commencing in 2025. Funds are needed to help pay the salaries of three of the village school’s teachers. If private funding is not provided, the school’s English, Science, and Social Studies & Computer Literacy teachers will have to work for no pay or resign. Because the village’s family farms are all subsistence farms, many of the 85 elementary school students will eventually leave Basa. Acquiring education that will help to make the village’s youth employable in a city may be vital to their future. The Foundation is seeking contributions to fund those three teachers’ salaries for one year.

The second project is the development of a commercially viable herd of goats and pigs. The villagers are dependent on subsistence farming and money earned by some of the adults working in the tourist industry as support staff for treks and mountaineering expeditions. Disastrous earthquakes in 2015 and the 2020 COVID pandemic virtually shut down tourism for two years following each of those catastrophes. The village leaders realized that a sustainable business is needed to support village families, when jobs in tourism are not available. The first animals were purchased this year, but to make the endeavor profitable, more animals must be purchased and cared for. The goal is to have a profitable co-op business of selling goat milk, cheese, and yoghurt and pork within two years after the requisite number of animals are acquired. Money earned above costs will support the village school and provide assistance to any families in need.

Please consider contributing to our fundraiser for the school and farm projects via our website at https://www.bvfusa.org/donate

Or, send a check to our corporate treasurer David Culp 2322 E. 66th St. Indianapolis, IN 46220. Let me know if you have any questions about the projects or the BVF. The Basa Village Foundation USA, Inc. is a 501(C)(3) organization, and financial contributions to it are charitable donations, per the US Internal Revenue Code.

Now, for this month’s first issue: Who Will We Become?

John Edward Culp personifies the human journey through life as a child learning to walk under a giant sky. On the other hand, Ilhomova Mohichehra’s work honors the beauty and longevity of a tree.

Sayani Mukherjee communes with the hidden longings and feelings layered within a landscape as Rubina Anis melds colors into gentle natural scenes. Christina Chin and Jerome Berglund’s collaborative tan-renga highlight vignettes and observations of humans co-existing with nature. Raquel Barbeito’s art zooms in on pieces of nature – flowers, spiders, a skull – in black and white. O’tkir Mulikboyev wishes to become part of his natural environment and bring nutriments to those around him.

Alan Catlin presents human and animal wildness in its feral glory: hunger, fear, crashing ocean spray, animal eyes in the dark, earthworm trails. Sidnei Rosa da Silva’s prose poetry depicts the lonely calm of a northern winter. Christina Chin and Kimberly Olmtak’s collaborative tan-renga becomes more personal and domestic, presenting cozy tea and houseplants.

Duane Vorhees furthers his poetic exploration of sensuality, fecundity, and history. Brooks Lindberg’s poem probes the linkages between older mysticism and newer beliefs given our understanding of physics.

Isabel Gomez de Diego’s photography positions youth and new life as a continuation of the world’s cultural and natural history. Kylian Cubilla Gomez captures the off-center wonder and mystery of childhood through his photographic close-ups of toys.

Mashhura Ahmadjonova sends in a piece on how quickly life passes and Akmalova Zebokhan Akobirkhan reflects on the steady stream of life, one day after another, as Rashidova Shahrizoda Zarshidovna urges us to live with intent and purpose.

Jacques Fleury’s pieces address awakening, surprise, and discovery. JoyAnne O’Donnell celebrates the manifold ways ordinary people can find joy in our everyday lives, including love and close relationships. Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa conveys the deep joy of intimacy, friendship, and love. Mesfakus Salahin evokes quiet moments of peace brought by a tender love. Sara Goyceli Serifova wishes to live a long time with her beloved partner, as her grandmother did.

Z.I. Mahmud examines the characters’ journeys out of self-absorption toward empathy and wonder in Antoine Saint-Exupery’s The Little Prince.

Layla Adhamova suggests that happiness is accessible to many people, not just the wealthy. Gullola Nuriddinova laments the betrayal of a lover who chose money over their beloved. Bill Tope’s short story illustrates a youthful form of justice against family favoritism and classism around the holidays.

Brian Barbeito conveys the wisdom of age in his piece on a friendship between a young boy and a kind elderly neighbor.

Haitmurodov Ismoil reflects on how a father’s love can sustain you throughout life. Azimbayeva Dilrabo gives a tribute to a caring father who passed away, Iroda Sherzod offers up a tribute to her caring and selfless father, and Rahmiddinova Mushtariy pays tribute to her father’s wisdom. Olimjonova Muslima pays tribute to her parents’ continued support all along her academic and personal journey.

Sobirjonova Rayhona shares tributes to beloved teachers here, here, and here. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva’s story illustrates how a teacher brought about justice in the classroom without shaming anyone. Shoxijaxon Urunov’s essay highlights how teachers accomplish so much more than imparting information.

Dilbar Koldoshova Nuraliyevna reflects on the difficulties and hard work of the creative life and her determination to pursue that path, as Kass probes the solitary inner drives of a literary artist.

Rick Reut tinkers with the arrangement of words in concrete poetry exploring time, memory, and language. Vernon Frazer’s words pop out of juxtaposed shapes and images while Mark Young serves up a heady word-marinade. Maftuna Yusufboyeva looks into a different way of using language, examining the role, goals, and purposes of advertising. Texas Fontanella links ideas and words and bursts of thought together in his Pound-inspired modern canto.

Federico Wardal spotlights the elegance and cultural history of Andrea Ceccomori’s San Francisco flute performances. David Sapp illuminates a moment of rapturous ecstasy in the view of sublime art. Dr. Jernail S. Anand’s poetry reminds us that the truth about history and humanity is often difficult to stomach and that art helps us process our knowledge. Thus, the literary arts are a worthy calling, despite the lack of remuneration.

Farangiz Abduvohidova analyzes the ancient Greek influence on some words in the Uzbek language. Muslima Murodova contributes a patriotic piece about Uzbekistan as Ismailov Shukurillo offers a paean to his Uzbek heritage and Jasmina Makhmasalayeva conveys her pride and joy in her Uzbek homeland.

Norova Zulfizar outlines various historical sites in Uzbekistan while Rustambekova Nozimakhon sketches life in her neighborhood, showing her pride in her community. Khalida Nuray’s poem urges people of Turkish ancestry to rise up and defend and protect their homeland and culture.

S.C. Flynn’s poetry illustrates the tragedies of incomplete journeys and transformations: beautiful thoughts, creatures, and relationships that never develop into what they are meant to be.

Taylor Dibbert’s poem reflects the quiet anxiety many Americans felt over the 2024 presidential election. In a similar vein, Daniel De Culla satirizes Donald Trump’s values and personality through poetry and a photo. Pat Doyne bitterly calls out the United States’ less welcoming attitudes towards immigrants. John Ebute poetically seeks signs of life in his native and troubled Nigeria. Abigail George mourns the loss of life and the obfuscations of international politics in her poems on the war in Gaza. Alexander Kabishev ends his saga of the trauma of living in St. Petersburg under siege. David Woodward reflects on broken American political systems with concrete poetry using absurdist forms.

In a more general vein, Anvarova Nilufar laments the harsh state of the world and human nature. Goyibnazarov Abdulla reminds us how people often overestimate their abilities and knowledge.

Mykyta Ryzhykh’s undercapitalized works evoke the barren, alienated landscape of modern life. J.J. Campbell offers up a bah-humbug to the festive season, showing overworked cashiers, commercialism, pain, racism, and loneliness behind the holiday mood. Jim Meirose sends up a quirky tale for the season of online electronics shopping.

Tempest Miller explores memory, trauma, and the absurdity of existence through his pieces on zebras, crocodiles, industry, and nature. Jake Cosmos Aller revels in the surreal wild spirit of a crazy night of passion and booze. Paul Costa uses the language of Western-style adventures to highlight struggles within and among people.

Ilhomova Mohichehra reflects on human vulnerability and on gratitude for her health. Graciela Noemi Villaverde reflects poetically on the loss of a great love. Mahbub Alam also mourns an absence that has become visceral and inescapable. Philip Butera’s poetry explores personal and relational grief, loneliness, and the desire to escape from oneself. Christopher Bernard expresses similar sentiments in his poetic tribute to writer Marvin R. Hiemstra and other deceased writers, which focuses less on than on the individuals who passed and more on the implacability and universality of death.

Christina Chin presents a third round of collaborative tan-renga, this time with M.R. Defibaugh. Its protagonists bring a quiet determination to face unexpected twists of fate.

Maja Milojkovic presents a glorious vision for the world, where everyone enjoys peace, freedom, and mutual respect. We hope that this publication brings Earth a step closer to that goal. Please enjoy the issue!

Right Between the Eyes

When I was very little, my family used to visit my dad’s mother twice a year: once during summer vacation when school was out and again in December, for the Christmas holidays. The main thing on our minds during Those trips was, would the old jalopy my dad drove make It all the way to Franklin County, located about 100 miles South of our home, which was just across the Mississippi From St. Louis.

Bessie lived in a one-time mining Community called Buckner, named after an incompetent Confederate general who served during the Civil War. We were joined at these get-togethers at my grandma’s House by my Aunt Blanche, my dad’s sister, and her husband Art and their two children, David and Christine.

Now, the Millers were everything that we weren’t: my dad worked in a glass factory as “unskilled labor,” while Uncle Art was a Foreman at General Motors in Flint, Michigan. Which meant that Art made about three times as much money as my dad. And never let us forget it.

Where my mom had dropped out of high school at 16 and my Dad never went beyond the 7th grade–he enrolled in FDR’s Civilian Conservation Corps during the Depression, probably helping to grade the park where you grill your hotdogs on the Fourth Of July or making the redwood benches at the forest lodge you use come Autumn–the Millers were “educated,” which in those days meant they had finished high school. Aunt Blanche had even had a year or so of secretarial school, making her the family intellectual; she was very much looked up to!

She had worked for Public Assistance, which in those days was called “Relief.” Being mean to poor people gave her an additional sense of superiority. Dad’s sister’s family always seemed to arrive at Grandma’s at the same time that we did. Perhaps it was a coincidence; maybe Uncle Art Just wanted to show off the new Cadillac he bought every year. In any event, the Millers always commandeered the one spare bedroom, leaving my parents to rough it with the kids, scattered across the living room floor. I guess it had something to do with Dad being the older brother who had always helped take care of his sister, the “baby” of the family. He had helped pay for the secretarial school she had attended, a fact no one ever mentioned.

And so it was one Christmas when I was four years old; my brother Gary was eleven; David was six, and Christine two. During these adventures, my brother always seemed to escape, to pal around with his “hoodlum” friends; wherever he went, he must have sought them out, because he sure found them. More on that at another time. As we pushed through Grandma’s door, we beheld there on the hardwood floor a miracle: the tallest, fullest, most beautiful Christmas Tree that– Even to this day–I ever saw. There were crystal, sharp, brilliant lights– Not like the old ones I was used to, where the red paint on the bulbs was scraping off–in all kinds of magical shapes: doves, reindeer, ginger bread men, Santas and many others.

They glowed bright and clear as Stars. There were the “perpetual motion” ornaments, with little seesaws or propellers which were powered by the heat of the nearby Christmas lights, and the millions of shimmering icicles. Someone had spent long, arduous hours hanging them individually, no one touching the other and each strand reflecting the vivid colors of the ornaments and lights. They were like metal–probably lead-based in those days–stalactites hanging in a Christmas grotto. There were miniature Nativity scenes–done in wood, not the plastic that you see today–with each individual wise man and angel clearly delineated in pewter. There was even a very tiny silvery Christ Child in the creche. Elaborate sun-colored garlands were draped majestically over the boughs, like strands of Golden Fleece. These were intermingled With others, thicker and fluffier and red as the planet Krypton. And the scent of that balsam fir was–heavenly.

And there were presents! Literally scores of beautiful, individually wrapped Christmas presents, all swathed in the finest, prettiest wrapping paper I had ever seen. I wondered, how could any present do justice to such wonderful wrappings? I just stood rapt and absorbed the scene, admiring. My dad said, “Lotta presents this year.” “Yeah, and most of them are probably for Christine and David,” my mother muttered darkly. It didn’t quite register at the time, just what she meant, but I understood later.

I knew that my folks had bought David some more of his seemingly unending supply of comic books and they had gotten for Christine a special friction toy, a kind of large top. When you pressed down on the handle, it spun madly around, rather like a gyroscope, with a fairy princess display encased within the glass bubble, which would unfold and sparkle as music played. I was convinced it had been created by magic elves.. It was a marvel. When mom grumbled about the price, I sagely pointed out that if Santa were going to get Christine a gift anyway, then why did she need to? To my memory, that question went unanswered.

I had badly wanted to play with It before it was wrapped–even if it was a girl’s toy–but my mother admonished me not to break it. “Christine will do that soon enough,” she conjectured wryly. We had dinner: turkey, of course, like a scene out of a Norman Rockwell Illustration; all the trimmings. But that was just a requisite prelude to the real order of the day: the presents, the lucre, the loot! “What if, when I open a present, I don’t like it!” David asked obtusely. Duh! It was a present, you goof! You can’t but like it. What was the matter with this character?

“Just say you like it,” whispered Blanche, glancing furtively at my mom and dad.. “We discussed this, David.” Apparently, his expectations weren’t too high in the present department. My jaw jutted out in resentment at the callous jab at my parents. Finally, we all sat around on the floor to open the presents. David had a big bag of Christmas candy that he wouldn’t share. I may have growled at him. Well, truer words my mom never spoke: virtually every present there was for Christine and David. David got an electric train; David got a new red wagon; David got a first baseman’s mitt; and on and on. Christine didn’t do badly either. These were the days before Barbie dolls and G.I. Joes or else my cousins would have had dozens of each.

Christine was relishing no less than six baby dolls–Tiny Tears was big then–and a crib to put them in, clothes to dress them in, and on and on again. Forgotten was the neat new friction top that my dad had worked two and a half hours to earn the money to buy. That was left idle, still in its box, the wrapping paper scarcely disturbed.

All It had gotten out of my cousin was a petulant, “I don’t like it!” I could have swatted her like a fly. Grandma got a lot of fussy “old lady stuff” from her children and their spouses. Blanche got a fur coat of some sort that she paraded around in for what seemed like hours, and Art got yet another pipe, like the ones you saw on the back cover of Esquire magazine, with the bright yellow bowls. I don’t believe my parents received anything more than a package of new handkerchiefs apiece, from grandma.. But they were mollified; Christmas was for kids, after all.

My older brother got a cool Timex watch with an expandable metal band, which was all the rage at the time. My parents had spent $10–like $150 Now–to buy that watch because they didn’t want their oldest son to be embarrassed by his Christmas gift in front of the snooty Millers; I was proud of him, too. Of course, David had to upstage him up brandishing His new “chronometer,” like the “kind the frogmen use.” Sea Hunt was also very big back in the day. Lloyd Bridges was a star! What did I get? A tiny cap pistol with a translucent orange plastic handle. I stared down at it, not sure what to say.

While David and Christine were reveling in their loot, I stood there. forlorn, because I didn’t see anything else for me. Whenever I made to select a present, David would jump up and shout, “Mine! Mine!” and snatch it out of my hands. What did I know? I was four years old; I couldn’t read the gift tags. I thought to myself, why did Santa double-cross me? He seemed to like the Millers so much more. Everything in the world seemed to belong to my cousins. My mom touched my shoulder gently and murmured, “There’s no more in there for You, honey.” I caught Dad’s eye and he gave me one of his grins that crinkled his eyes. I knew then that things would be alright.

The pistol hung down limply from my hand. I blinked, but no tears came. Next, my cousin walked up. David glanced down at my pistol, looked over at his Official Roy Rogers Six-Guns–with the real leather holster–then looked back at my tiny cap pistol, and he laughed. He laughed! Ever since that night I’ve felt like I owed my cousin David a punch in the stomach. Sure, I was disappointed that I hadn’t gotten more gifts, but I really felt bad for my parents, whom I loved very much and I knew wanted so much to make me happy.

For my dad, who worked four times harder than Uncle Art but who gleaned so much less from his paycheck; and my Mom, who scrubbed other women’s floors, on her hands and knees, for a buck an hour! So I aimed that wonderful cap pistol with the translucent orange handle–which I have to this day–squarely between David’s eyes and defiantly I pulled the trigger. And ended him!

(Central Asian teen girl with long dark hair, dark eyes, earrings, and black and white striped vest and pants over a white collared shirt, standing in a school hallway with posters on the wall)

Analysis of the Greek capital words in the letter “P”.

Abduvahidova  Farangiz 

3rd stage student of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov

Annotation: the article contains comments about the borrowed words that entered the Uzbek language from the Greek language. In addition, a list of Greek words, their spelling and explanation is provided. The history of the creation of the Greek language is also covered.

Key words: Greek, layer, language, analysis, annotation, sample.

The Uzbek language is one of the languages ​​with an ancient history. The Uzbek language went through many stages and periods before reaching this level. During this period, the number of lexemes increased, some words came from foreign languages. As a result of the addition of Uzbek suffixes to the words that came from this foreign language, the layer of Uzbek words became richer.

In connection with the serious changes in the structure of the Uzbek language dictionary, there was a need to create an explanatory dictionary that meets the requirements of the time, and under the leadership of our Academician A. Hojiyev, the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( 5-volume “Annotated Dictionary of the Uzbek Language” was created and published by a group of lexicographers of the former Alisher Navoi Institute of Language and Literature. This source contains about 80,000 words and phrases that are widely used in the Uzbek literary language, terms related to the fields of science, art, culture and technology, historical terms and words used in the dialect. . 

In 2020, this annotated dictionary was revised under the editorship of Abduvahob Madvaliyev, Ph.D. reprinted and made available to the general public.

The Greek language is at the initial stage in the history of the Greek language – mill. Av. It was used from the 14th-12th centuries to the 1st-4th centuries AD (now a dead language); the ancient language of the Greeks. Together with the ancient Macedonian language, it forms a separate Greek group in the family of Indo-European languages.

There are a total of 1047 words starting with the letter P in the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. These words are formed with a layer of self and assimilation. Borrowed words came from Persian, Greek, Latin, German, French and Russian languages. 115 of these words came from the Greek language. Here is a list of some of them.

1) Pielet – inflammation of the kidney cup 

2) Easter is a holiday dedicated to the resurrection of Jesus, the founder of this religion, in the Orthodox sect of Christianity. 

3) Patriarchy – the era of patriarchy, the period when men dominated family, economic and social relations after the matriarchy of the primitive system.

4) Pathos – high spirit, enthusiasm, joy.

5) A pen is a writing and drawing tool that is used to write with ink, ink, etc.  

6) Perigee – the closest point of the moon’s orbit or the orbit of the earth’s satellite to the earth. 

7) Perimeter – the length of a closed curve (for example, the perimeter of a polygon is equal to the sum of all its sides)

8) Pegology is the teaching of children

9) Peritonitis – peritoneum

10) Pantheism – God

11) Papax- telpak

12) Paragraph is the name of the title of a text, such as a book or an article, which has independence in terms of meaning

13) Parabola – I) open, flat curve; formed by the intersection of a right cone with a plane parallel to one of its constituents. II) an ironic image with a symbol in fiction; a literary genre between a symbol and a symbolic story

14) Paradigm – I) a system of language units, grammatical forms united by their general meaning, different according to their specific meaning II) a system of forms of a word’s variation or inflection.

15) Paradox – a traditional thought accepted by the majority, an unexpected thought, reasoning that sharply contradicts experience with its content and form.

16) Parasite – gratuitous, sycophantic

17) Paco – ancient

18) Paleography is a science that studies ancient manuscripts and writings, the history of the creation of written signs and their appearance (writing method, letter shape, type of writing material, etc.).

19) Paleolithic – the oldest stone age, era.

20) Pandemic – spread of an epidemic disease throughout one country, several countries or continents

21) Panzooteia is a very rapid and widespread spread of an infectious disease among animals throughout the country, several countries, and continents.

22) Panorama – I) a surrounding view of a place visible to the far horizon. II) type of fine art; a very large picture, which is painted horizontally on the wall of a circular hall, looks like a real scene to the viewer.

23) Psyche – the first archival part of compound words of international assimilation: it means connection to psyche, psyche  

24) prophylaxis – I) a set of measures aimed at maintaining people’s health, preventing the occurrence and spread of diseases, improving the physical development of the population and ensuring a long life. II) in general, measures to be taken to prevent an incident, mechanisms, machines from premature failure, damage 

25) protocol is a document drawn up by a responsible person and confirming an event or situation 

26) proton – a stable elementary particle, a component of the atomic nucleus with a positive electric charge; the nucleus of light hydrogen

27) prosthesis – a device made in the shape of an organ of the body or placed in place of a damaged or removed organ (for example, an artificial hand, an artificial tooth) 

28) problem – problem

29) prologue – introduction

Greek accusatives also have features of morphemes and polysemy. Words such as paxa, parasite, protocol, prologue have many meanings; Similarity of form is evident in words such as parabola, prophylaxis, paranoma, and paradigm. In addition, many terms related to mathematics, history and mother tongue are borrowed from Greek. We can see these in the example of words like parabola, paradigm, pathos, patriarchy, perimeter, psyche and paragraph.  

List of used literature:

1) An explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. – Moscow: “Russian language” publishing house, 1981.

2) An explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. – Tashkent: “Uzbekistan National Encyclopedia” State Scientific Publishing House, 2006-2008.

3) An explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. – Tashkent: Gafur Ghulam publishing house, 2022.

4) uz.m.wikipedia.org.

5) www.ziyouz. com.

6) comment.uz

 

The first stage is the stage

 The stage is a little bit more 

 The first stage of stage 

One and then I will have 

 The Last Stage in o my room

The next day and the next 

Morning the next morning 

 The next night we are in bed 

 The next night I am awake 

 Another night I have to go 

The only way owning my 

The World is if I’m not able

Akmalova Zebokhan Akobirkhan Kimyo International University in Tashkent Primary education 1st stage student Family 

A tree

You grow from the ground,
If you have fruit, you are prey.
Your head is always proud,
Proud of you as well.

You stayed in the winter, my dear,
But you see my house.
You in the autumn month,
Get rich in gold.

In the spring you bloomed,
You sent elegance.
Even in the summer you are dressed,
You've had your fill of green.


Ilhomova Mohichehra, 8th grade of the 9th general secondary school of Zarafshan city, Navoi region

Ilhomova Mohichehra Azimjon's daughter was born on August 22, 2010 in the city of Zarafshan, Navoi region. Member of the Republican "Creative Children" club. She is interested in writing poetry.She is interested in writing poetry. Author of many poems. Her poems are regularly published in Uzbek and English languages in prestigious magazines of Uzbekistan, Africa and Germany and she is the holder of many diplomas and certificates. In addition, she has won many international certificates. She participated in competitions and won various prizes.

Her poems were also performed on the radio station "Uzbekistan radio" in Uzbekistan. Her poems were published in "Raven Cage" magazine of Germany, "Kenya times" of Africa, and "Smile" magazine of Uzbekistan. Mohichehra's poems appeared on the Google network. Taking an active part in competitions organized by the "Creative Children" club throughout the year, she also received a 1st degree diploma and souvenirs. Her books "Buyuk orzular" and "Samo yulduzlari" are sold all over the world.

Advertisement is Latin for shouting. Advertising - information about the quality of goods, benefits from their purchase; special information distributed about legal entities and individuals or products for the purpose of direct or indirect profit (income). Advertising is considered a component of marketing and affects the formation of demand and consumer taste. Advertising is carried out for the purposes of creating an image of the enterprise (long-term effect), increasing current sales (short-term effect), helping buyers decide what to buy and why they need to buy it, and other purposes. The main task of advertising is to interest the customer, not to lose customers and to expand them.

 The history of the emergence of advertising is very ancient, in Greece and Ancient Rome there is information about the advertising of goods by means of oral and written advertising, and even branding. The ad in its current form first appeared in the United States. In the second half of the 19th century, the first advertising agencies operated here, and advertising began to bring a lot of income. Initially, the written advertisement performed the task of informing the buyers about the store and the goods sold in it. This work was done by writing blackboards and organizing showcases. Later, advertising became a form of addressing a potential buyer through publications - informational advertisements appeared in posters, books, magazines, and newspapers. Mass media (press, radio, television, cinema) were involved in advertising work.

Advertising performs several tasks: 1) the task of informing consumers of goods and services, providing information - advertisements provide information about the quality and reliability of goods and services, their areas of application, manufacturers, and purchase methods; 2) persuasive advertising - serves to increase the inclination of consumers and buyers to existing goods; 3) reminder advertising - plays an important role in expanding the existing, but somewhat forgotten demand, attitude to the goods known to the buyers themselves.

Such advertising is used for periodically updated and seasonal goods.

Each firm carries out its advertising activities on the basis of hiring advertising agents or creating an advertising service or using the services of special advertising agencies. The effectiveness of advertising largely depends on the organization of demand research, which helps to determine the circle of buyers and methods of influencing them. Currently, advertising is carried out through the press, radio, television, and special advertising films are shown. For the purpose of advertising, posters, booklets, product catalogs are produced and distributed.

In the conditions of the market economy, the importance of advertising services increases, and the share of advertising expenses in the transaction costs increases. Advertising becomes a separate branch of business and advertising is organized according to special rules and laws. Legality, accuracy, reliability, use of forms and tools that do not cause damage to the user of advertising, as well as moral damage are the main requirements for advertising. 

Relations related to the preparation and distribution of advertising in Uzbekistan are regulated by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Advertising" (December 25, 1998) and the decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. According to this law, it is prohibited by law to spread false or inaccurate information in advertising, as well as to advertise certain goods or activities.

Pedagogy: A Higher Profession

Professor Amelia Bellwether straightened her spectacles and adjusted the microphone clipped to her tweed jacket. A nervous flutter ran through the lecture hall as two hundred pairs of eyes turned towards her. Today was no ordinary lecture; today, Professor Bellwether was delivering the opening address for ‘Pedagogy: A Higher Profession,’ a groundbreaking seminar series aimed at elevating the field of teaching.

Amelia, a veteran educator with eyes that twinkled with the wisdom of countless shared stories and a heart brimming with passion for her craft, believed with every fiber of her being that teaching wasn’t just a profession, but a calling. A calling higher than any other, for it shaped the minds that would shape the future.

‘Why ‘Pedagogy: A Higher Profession’?’ she began, her voice resonating through the hall. ‘Because within this room, within each one of you, lies the power to ignite young minds, to spark revolutions both personal and global.’

The audience, a diverse mix of seasoned teachers, aspiring educators, and skeptical academics, leaned forward in their seats.

Amelia shared anecdotes, tales woven from her years on the frontlines of education. A shy student finding his voice through the power of poetry, a struggling single mother excelling in her studies to build a better life for her child, a classroom debate sparking a lifelong passion for social justice.

‘We are not mere transmitters of information,’ she declared, her voice rising with conviction. ‘We are architects of understanding, weavers of dreams, cultivators of compassionate and critical thinkers.’

The room, initially abuzz with hesitant whispers, fell silent, absorbing her words. Amelia could see the spark ignite in their eyes, the same spark that had drawn her to teaching all those years ago.

The seminar series that followed was electric. Workshops explored innovative teaching methods, lectures challenged traditional notions of curriculum, and passionate debates raged late into the night. Amelia, a guiding light throughout, witnessed the transformation firsthand.

The skeptical academic discovered a love for mentoring young minds. The seasoned teacher, grappling with burnout, rekindled his passion. The aspiring educator, initially daunted by the responsibility, embraced the challenge with newfound zeal.

As the final session drew to a close, a sense of bittersweet accomplishment filled the air. Professor Bellwether, her heart full, looked out at the faces before her, no longer just attendees, but fellow torchbearers.

‘Go forth,’ she urged, her voice thick with emotion, ‘and illuminate the world, one young mind at a time. Remember, you are not just teachers, you are the architects of a brighter future.’

And with those words, the “Pedagogy: A Higher Profession” seminar drew to a close, leaving behind a legacy of empowered educators, ready to reshape the world, one lesson, one student, one dream at a time.

Shokhijakhon Urunov

Student of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute

Achievements:

– Recipient of the Bobur State Scholarship for the 2023-2024 academic year;

– Winner of the “Student of the Year 2022” competition in the regional stage;

– Awarded 1st place with an iPhone 13 Pro Max in the “31st Anniversary of Our Independence” competition organized by the Republic’s Cultural and Knowledge Center under the decree PQ-340-SON dated August 1, 2022, by the President;

– Winner of a competition organized in honor of the 31st anniversary of the national flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the Republic’s Cultural and Knowledge Center;

– 2nd place winner in a national competition dedicated to the 85th anniversary of Islam Karimov by the Islam Karimov Foundation;

– 3rd place in the 1st season and “Most Active Promoter” nominee in the 2nd season of the national competition “Young Readers” organized by the Center for Increasing Social Activity of Students and Pupils;

– Winner of the “History of Bukhara” competition organized by the Bukhara Regional Tourism and Sports Department;

– Head Coordinator at the Volunteer Center of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute;

– Chief of “Towards Leadership ” project;

– Author of over 30 scholarly articles;

– Author of two methodical guide on history;

– Author and organizer of seven literary anthologies;

– Member and volunteer of over 10 international and local organizations.