Poetry from Mustafayeva Feride
Poetry from Sayani Mukherjee
Pink I have heard Paris is beautiful in May Two lost cards that find A perfect geometric strength It then carves a niche Mon Amor it says that always says Pink is loveliest of all Beautiful Strange Goodness Colours have their own homes too Just as my paper knife A little too pink for it Isn't so? A child may notice Children notice everything A change in smile They are the big apples Do this do that We are grown ups Still pink is loveliest of all Home Goodness Flowers I still think Paris is most beautiful in May The ribboned dress The little paper towns They all go to a merry go round All pinkish flame in the snowbound home I still love Pink My home my mon amor.
Essay from Diyora Umarkulova
The status of English as a Germanic language and the large influence of Romance language on English
English has a place to the Anglo-Frisian subgroup of the West Germanic department of the Germanic languages, through which it is portion of the Indo-European dialect family. Like other Germanic dialects, English is characterized by the utilize of modular verbs, which isolated verbs into solid and powerless subgroups, and by the halt consonant move known as Grimm’s law. The English dialect emerged from the Germanic tongues of the North Ocean, which started to be broadly utilized with the resettlement of Germanic pilgrims to the British Isles from the domains of the advanced Netherlands, northwestern Germany and Denmark. The similitude of German and English is clarified by the common beginning of these dialects from the lingos of the antiquated Germanic tribes.
Borrowings from other dialects came to English in different authentic periods. To date, the overall number of non-borrowed words within the English dialect is almost 20-30%. Most of the borrowings are words of Sentiment beginning, which is due to authentic reasons. Even before the settlement of Germanic tribes, Points, Saxons and Jutes within the British Isles, there were exchange relations between these tribes and the Romans, which cleared out a few follows within the dialects of these tribes. The borrowings of this period, which is commonly called the primary period of Latin borrowings, reflect the nature of social, financial and military relations between Roman and Germanic tribes. Modern words ordinarily express unused concepts that emerged in association with the presentation to the higher culture of the Roman individuals of this period. Such borrowings incorporate the taking after words: harbour (Lat. portus), cycene (kitcen) from Lat. coquina, flute player (pepper) from Lat. Flute player and others.
https://englhouse.ru/en/bez-rubriki/chastyj-vopros-pochemu-anglijskij-yazyk-germanskij.html
Essay from Sukhrob Saidov (one of three)
Documentary Analysis of film ‘’Before Stonewall’’
Introduction (History of Before Stonewall)
A documentary film called “Before Stonewall” looks at the history of the LGBTQ+ community in the US before the Stonewall riots of 1969. The movie includes interviews with LGBTQ+ people who discuss their personal hardships and experiences growing up when homosexuality was stigmatized as a mental disease and outlawed in many places. The early history of the LGBTQ+ rights movement and the numerous social and political developments that led to it are also covered in the movie. In addition to highlighting the injustices and persecution that the LGBTQ+ community endured prior to the Stonewall riots, the movie promotes acceptance and acknowledgement of LGBTQ+ rights. It highlights the tenacity and bravery of LGBTQ+ people who stood up for their rights and set the path for ensuing generations. Overall, the movie gives the LGBTQ+ rights movement a historical backdrop and illuminates the struggles and achievements of the community prior to Stonewall. In this article, I try to analyze the characters and actions in film, logic and emotions of filmmakers. Also, in the end, I provide my own impressions that I gave and feel from this film.
Characters and events in film
As I watched the film, I was able to find some connections to the film and to our current society. Below I will try to explain each of these points.
First and main one is individuals. By this I mean, The movie includes interviews with LGBTQ+ people who discuss their personal problems and experiences growing up in a time when homosexuality was demonized and illegal. The LGBTQ+ community is given a human face, and the prejudice and brutality they experienced are brought to light. Also, the film covers the early LGBTQ+ rights movement, including organizations like the Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis. These groups played a crucial role in advocating for LGBTQ+ rights and laying the groundwork for future activism.
Secondly, the Stonewall riots. By examining the social and political issues that contributed to the Stonewall riots, the movie places them in their historical perspective. The riots were important because they ushered in a new era of action for LGBTQ+ rights and marked a turning point in the movement.
Last but not least is homosexuality as a mental illness. The American Psychiatric Association defined homosexuality as a mental disease up until 1973, as the movie emphasizes. This part of society is important because it demonstrates how entrenched prejudices against LGBTQ+ people formerly were. Moreover, the movie shows the frequent police raids on gay bars and clubs, which were frequently used as a justification to detain gay people. This social phenomenon is important because it demonstrates the systematic violence and prejudice that the LGBTQ+ community experienced.
Appeals to logic, emotion and prejudice by filmmakers
The filmmakers support their case for acceptance and acknowledgement of LGBTQ+ rights with historical information and expert interviews. They emphasize the pre-Stonewall discriminatory laws and regulations as well as the activism that aided in their reform. In order to persuade viewers of the truth of their claim, the filmmakers give a logical case supported by historical data. The film also plays on viewers’ emotions by including personal accounts and interviews with LGBTQ+ people. The interviews highlight the hardships and accomplishments of the LGBTQ+ community as well as the psychological effects of violence and discrimination. This emotive appeal aims to connect viewers with LGBTQ+ people’s experiences by fostering empathy and understanding in them. The movie also shows the prejudice and discrimination LGBTQ+ people experienced prior to Stonewall. The producers hope to help viewers reevaluate their own biases and prejudices towards the LGBTQ+ community by drawing attention to the systemic discrimination and violence against LGBTQ+ people. The purpose of this appeal to prejudice is to encourage the audience to examine their prejudices and take steps to promote greater inclusion and acceptance.
Conclusion (my recommendations and opinion)
The significant documentary “Before Stonewall” provides background information on the American LGBTQ+ rights struggle. The movie focuses light on the social and political issues that influenced the birth of the LGBTQ+ rights movement and depicts the hardships and victories of the LGBTQ+ community prior to the Stonewall riots. A personal and emotional link to the experiences of the community throughout a period of prejudice and violence is made through the interviews with LGBTQ+ people. The movie also shows how pervasive before Stonewall were biases and prejudices against LGBTQ+ people.
In conclusion, “Before Stonewall” is a thought-provoking, educational and I highly recommend to people to watch this. Because, movie can be a great resource for anybody who are interested in LGBTQ+ history and rights. It can be especially beneficial for people who seek to have a deeper knowledge of the experiences and hardships of the LGBTQ+ community prior to the Stonewall riots. But also, I would like to mention that, the movie might not be appropriate for all viewers, though, given the delicate nature of the subject matter. Therefore, before recommending the movie, it is crucial to take the audience’s tastes and sensitivities into account.
Resources:
Essay from Asadova Sabina
Sabina Asadova
Отправлено из Почты Mail.ru
IN THE SKY OF DREAMS
A person should set a goal for himself/herself in life... Some people set a small goal for themselves: buying a new phone, going on vacation, others for a bigger one: a million dollar turnover per month. Plans such as creating a business or building a house for his family. Some people dream of unattainable things: solving the problem of poverty in the country, living in space. That's why you should have enough intelligence to set a goal that matches your strength.
"The goal must be to achieve happiness, otherwise the fire will not roar enough, the driving force will not be powerful enough - therefore, success will not be fully achieved," - says Theodore Dreiser.
In fact, if a person has set a goal for himself, he should devote all his energy to it and avoid all other distractions.
Each of you has your own place in life. The main thing for us is your desire to speak. Among the invited guests, we can see that you are more enthusiastic than others. Don't forget, it all depends on you! It's time to show yourself!
We invite you to the world of fear! This world will be a testing world for you. In this, you will test your ability, your ability to get out of the situation in the face of difficulties and your readiness for drastic actions!
And we will show you the ways to skillfully get out of various difficult situations and make impossible things possible. And you just move forward!
There are people who leave the world without a dream. Such people do not swim like fish, on the contrary, the current carries them. Therefore, in the beautiful garden called life, dream of growing a flower that amazes the world with its fragrance.
As you walk towards the goal, the difficulty increases as you get closer. So, if you have set a great goal, you will achieve it with perseverance and beautiful patience. After all, the key to achieving the goal is hard work, patience and research.
Story from Guzal Botirova
Higher Profession
Heavy rain has been falling continuously for several hours. Since it started raining, Robiyabibi was also sitting in front of the window staring at the patter of the rain.
Robiyabibi’s heart was filled with sadness, as if looking at the rain would wash away the wards in her heart. He was so engrossed in such thoughts that he did not even notice Madina’s entrance. He thought only of his words “it’s raining beautifully”. Rabiyabibi looked at Madina as if she had woken up from sleep and said:
– That’s the rain. With its beautiful rain, it has become a habit to wash away the wards in people’s hearts, – said Robiyabibi thoughtfully.
– Oh, how did you know? Madina said jokingly
– It’s just visible. Everyone knows that. Just like my mom is a doctor.
– Well, then why does nobody know your profession? Madina said
– I don’t have a profession, I’m still just a student
– In the future?
Robiyabibi looked at Madina and thought.
– My future profession… – he thought and:
– Come on, Madina Khan, let’s hear from you first, – said Robiyabibi in a sarcastic tone.
“It’s better to say that it’s not clear yet,” he said, and Madina became serious.
This conversation soon spread to Robiyabibi’s school. Now everyone was laughing at Robiyabibi. Madina, who was the closest, laughed at him and belittled him as “useless”. Even his teachers looked at him with pity.
One day they humiliated Robiyabibi and made fun of her. She left the class crying. While she was walking on the road crying, she did not see the car coming and was hit by a car…
People gathered quickly. Robiyabibi was taken away by Ambulance. But it was too late.
In an instant, the gathered people dispersed in an instant, and there was hardly anyone left on the street. However, on a single crumpled piece of paper, written in large letters, were these words:
“RESPECTFUL OF WHO A MAN WILL BE IN THE FUTURE, WHAT OCCUPATION HE WILL HAVE, HE SHOULD ALWAYS ACQUIRE HUMANITY.
MY FUTURE AND PRESENT PROFESSION IS HUMANITY.
Botirova Go’zal
Essay from Nadira Oktamavna and Umrbek Ibragimov
Uzbek Historiography: Tracing the Development of Central Asian History
Umrbek Ibragimov
Freie Universitaet Berlin
Nadira Kuzieva
Urgench state university
Annotation: “Uzbek Historiography: Tracing the Development of Central Asian History” This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Uzbek historiography, from its earliest accounts in Persian language to contemporary challenges faced by the field. The article traces the various themes and periods of Uzbek history, including the influence of Soviet-era historiography and the current efforts to promote a more inclusive understanding of Uzbekistan’s past. The article highlights the importance of Uzbek historiography in providing insights into the cultural heritage and complex history of Central Asia. It also sheds light on the challenges faced by scholars in the field, such as the lack of resources for research and the need to promote greater academic freedom and diversity of perspectives. Overall, this article is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and culture of Central Asia, and provides a useful introduction to the field of Uzbek historiography.
Key words: Uzbekistan, Central Asia, historiography, Silk Road, Timurid dynasty, Kazakh Khanate, Bukhara Emirate, Soviet era, independence, nationalism, inclusivity, academic freedom, cultural heritage.
Uzbekistan is a country located in the heart of Central Asia, with a rich history that dates back to the ancient Silk Road. Uzbekistan’s historical significance has been recognized by the various empires and powers that have ruled the region throughout history, such as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and Tamerlane.
The study of Uzbekistan’s history, as well as Central Asian history in general, is referred to as Uzbek historiography. Uzbek historiography has been a subject of scholarly research for many years, as it provides valuable insights into the region’s past and cultural heritage. In this article, we will explore the development of Uzbek historiography, its major themes, and the challenges it faces today.
Early Uzbek Historiography: The earliest Uzbek historical accounts were written by the Persian-speaking scholars who served the Timurid dynasty, which ruled over Central Asia and Iran from the 14th to the 16th century. These accounts focused on the reigns of Timur (also known as Tamerlane) and his successors, and were written in the form of chronicles or biographies.
During the 17th century, Uzbekistan came under the rule of the Kazakh Khanate, which was followed by the Bukharan Emirate in the 18th and 19th centuries. These periods saw the development of the first written works in the Uzbek language, which mainly focused on religious and ethical themes. One notable work from this period is the “Hikmat al-Israr,” a collection of Sufi teachings and stories written by the Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi.
Soviet Era Historiography: The early 20th century saw the emergence of Soviet rule in Uzbekistan, which brought about significant changes in the field of historiography. Soviet historians emphasized the economic and social transformations that occurred during the Soviet era, such as the collectivization of agriculture, industrialization, and urbanization.
Soviet historiography also placed a strong emphasis on the role of the Communist Party in shaping the course of Uzbekistan’s history. This approach led to the creation of a new canon of Uzbek historical figures, such as the Bolshevik leaders Abdulla Oripov and Sharaf Rashidov.
Post-Soviet Historiography: Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Uzbekistan gained independence and embarked on a new phase of historiography. The post-Soviet period saw a renewed interest in Uzbekistan’s pre-Soviet history, with scholars exploring themes such as the region’s cultural heritage, architecture, and literature.
However, the post-Soviet period has also been marked by political tensions and controversies surrounding Uzbek historiography. The Uzbek government has been criticized for promoting a nationalist narrative of Uzbek history that downplays the contributions of other ethnic groups and marginalizes critical voices. Some scholars have also expressed concern about the lack of academic freedom and the government’s control over the publication of historical works.
Challenges and Future Directions: Uzbek historiography faces several challenges in the present day, such as the lack of resources for research and the difficulty of accessing archival materials. In addition, there is a need to promote a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of Uzbekistan’s history that acknowledges the contributions of all ethnic groups and accounts for diverse perspectives.
To address these challenges, scholars and policymakers have called for greater investment in historical research and the establishment of independent research institutes. There is also a need to promote greater dialogue and exchange between Uzbek and international scholars, as well as to encourage the publication of works that reflect diverse perspectives and interpretations.
Conclusion: Uzbek historiography provides valuable insights into the rich cultural heritage and complex history of Central Asia.
REFERENCES:
1. Б.Ж.Эшов, А.А.Одилов Ўзбекистон тарихи 1-жилд – Тошкент 2014, 246-бет
2. Шихобиддин ан-Насавий Султон Жалолиддин Мангуберди хаёти тафсилоти, Тошкент: Фан 2018, 156-бет
3. Shamsutdinov R. Karimov Sh. Vatan tarixi I kitob, “Sharq” NMAK, Toshkent, 2010. 215-bet.