My grandmother says that a newborn baby smells like heaven. After all, every person gets his education from his family. The way he is treated in the family, he is treated in the street as well.
People show their family upbringing to strangers. If the environment and friends at home are good, the child will always hear good words. If it is bad, it will be the opposite.
It is up to each person to choose the good path and to follow the bad path.
You have a choice. Educated people have love for others, respect for elders, and respect for children until the end of their lives. Because these qualities are taught by parents in the family.
Where there is no education, there will never be science and knowledge.
Wait
If I lose my heart to the snow of winter,
Close my eyes and bear it,
Even if I hang myself, it’s the medicine of love.
I will think of you forever
I will tell the sky about my pain.
Spring does not come to my garden anymore,
To my cheerful lips, as if laughter did not run,
My arms are filled with empty hopes,
But I will think of you forever
I will tell my dream to the star.
If you didn’t exist, I wouldn’t see you
My heart did not burn with pain,
I don’t even know what I want.
I will remember your two worlds,
At night, I’m having a hard time.
Even though my eyes are full of youth,
It’s bad if everyone calls me you
Only you, one side of you,
I look forward,
I will watch your ways...
Rakhmatullayeva Durdona Muhiddin’s daughter was born on April 9, 2004. Currently, the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek has completed the 1st stage.
Achievements: winner of many science Olympiads and quiz participant. In the future: Professional family psychologist.
Education and training! Although these words do not exactly repeat each other, it is difficult to imagine them without each other, because education is one of the highest manifestations of education. Education is a process that combines physical, mental and spiritual conditions. It is inevitable that a well-educated person will be unequaled in the field of education. It is known that education is given more in the educational process. From the day students come to school, a desire to learn is formed. They gradually develop a need for knowledge and begin to receive spiritual nourishment. With this, high feelings such as yearning for the future, desire, thirst for work, love for the motherland, selflessness, perseverance, courage, friendship, goodness appear in the students. Education is the oldest lifelong value. Everyone in life has an educational influence. In my opinion, as mentioned above, the concepts of education and upbringing cannot be imagined separately. There is no education without upbringing, just as there is no education without upbringing. Development of education and upbringing is one of the most pressing issues today. A number of extensive works are being carried out in the field of education. Today's youth should be armed with "STRONG BODY, HEALTHY MIND AND GOOD MORALS". The future is in the hands of educated and educated youth!
Country!!! Did you feel the power of that one word? You say that this word did not shake the hearts of some, and did not make them cry! There is a world of meaning in a five letter word. So what is Homeland? The homeland is the place where the blood from the navel of man and his descendants was shed. The homeland is the abode of the ancestors, the land where the nation grew up, where its language, religion, history, culture, traditions and values were truly formed and developed. The homeland is each of our breaths, our beating heart, our innocent eyes full of love...
The more the country is described, the less it seems. Therefore, in a nutshell, Homeland is the place where every person was born and raised. As the homeland is dear to everyone, my heavenly and beautiful homeland is also dear and holy. My homeland is UZBEKISTAN.
Our country has all the conditions, only one thing is required of us. As they say, "A child who reads a book now will lead a hundred children who watch television in the future." This is the requirement of our time.
People have to deal with problems carefully throughout their lives, even if they are small. After all, problems that seem insignificant to us can radically change our lives. In fact, our daily life and every action consists of these tests. If we courageously overcome these obstacles, we will undoubtedly achieve our goals in life. I think all young people in the country need attention and conditions. Because every young generation living and growing up in this country has the right to receive an education. We can only justify the confidence of the whole country if we unite and become one force. Because "Strength is in unity".
If the children of the world unite and concentrate all their efforts on acquiring knowledge, no dangerous idea can defeat such a noble force.
In my imagination, a peaceful world is an example of the sea. The calmer and more peaceful the sea, the more peaceful the aquatic creatures at the bottom of the sea. The same is true for humans. When the whole world is at peace, people in all countries live in peace and freedom.
For young people to have a peaceful future, it is necessary for them to work together, learn innovative ideas, exchange ideas with young people from other countries and exchange knowledge and skills based on experience.
Ensuring human rights by improving the legal profession
Abstract: The new development strategy of Uzbekistan envisages the effective organization of independent advocacy activities. Protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens in judicial and investigative activities is an urgent task today. In this regard, the “Concept of Independent Advocacy” should be developed and put into practice. At all stages of the investigation and trial, the role of the lawyer should be increased, the independence of the bar institute, the effective protection of the rights and legal interests of lawyers should be ensured. The main purpose of writing this article is to ensure that lawyers provide timely and quality qualified assistance to citizens by improving the Institute of Advocacy in Uzbekistan.
Key words: advocacy, legal aid, human rights, legality, independence, self-management, modern information and communication technologies, concept of independent advocacy, digital advocacy.
The goal of ensuring the interests of people, their rights and freedoms is embodied in the center of politics run by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. In recent years, in our country, a large-scale effort aimed at providing reliable guarantees of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, first of all, from criminal aggression, as well as to prevent discrimination of a person, his honor and dignity, and limitation of his legal interests things are being done consistently. As stated in the book “Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan” by the head of our state, “The Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan envisages the effective organization of the independent legal profession. Protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens in judicial and investigative activities is the most important task today.”
The 19th goal of the development strategy is to “fundamentally increase the capacity of the Bar Institute to protect human rights, freedoms and legal interests, as well as fully satisfy the demand of the population and business entities for qualified legal services.”
To achieve this priority goal, the following tasks are defined:
first, to transfer the bar institute to a full-fledged self-management system and to attract young qualified personnel to the bar;
secondly, to strengthen the accountability of the governing bodies of the Chamber of Advocates to the community of lawyers;
thirdly, formation of the modern and institutional basis of the lawyer training system;
fourthly, digitalization of advocacy activities. In other words, to put an end to excessive bureaucracy and red tape by introducing modern information technologies to advocacy activities, to establish the exchange of electronic documents with courts, law enforcement bodies and other state bodies;
fifthly, it is envisaged to expand the scope of free legal assistance.
In order to improve the institution of advocacy in our republic as an important component of the legal system, programs aimed at increasing the participation and importance of lawyers in the consideration of criminal, civil, administrative and economic cases, as well as ensuring the guarantees of reliable protection of the rights, freedoms and legal interests of individuals and legal entities is being implemented. The legal framework necessary for lawyers to successfully carry out their professional activities is being consistently formed, and the system of providing legal assistance and legal advice services is being improved.
To date, the status of the legal profession has been further strengthened in the newly revised Constitution, and a separate Chapter 24 entitled “Law Firm” has been added.
At this point, if we analyze the provisions related to the legal profession defined in the newly revised Constitution, the legal profession operates to provide qualified legal assistance to individuals and legal entities in accordance with Article 141 of the Constitution.
Advocacy activities are based on the principles of legality, independence and self-management.
The procedure for the organization of the Bar Association and its activity is determined by law.
In this article, the activities of the legal profession are based on the principles of legality, independence and self-governance at the level of the Constitution. In this case, the legality of the lawyer’s activity means that the lawyer’s activity is carried out only in strict compliance with the law.
According to Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Guarantees of Advocacy and Social Protection of Lawyers”, the independence of a lawyer: granting him permission to practice law, suspension and termination of this activity,
lawyer’s immunity;
prohibiting the requirement to disclose the lawyer’s secret;
responsibility for interfering with the lawyer’s work or violating the lawyer’s privacy;
provided by the state through the provision of legal guarantees and social protection.
According to Article 142 of our Constitution, it is not allowed to interfere with the activity of a lawyer while he is performing his professional duties.
Conditions for the lawyer to meet with the person under his protection without obstacles and to give advice are provided.
A lawyer, his honor, dignity and professional activity are under the protection of the state and are protected by law.
The strengthening of non-interference in the lawyer’s professional activity at the constitutional level serves as an important factor in creating a strong legal system. This provision is a constitutional expression of the idea that “no office shall interfere with the activities of lawyers”. This norm ensures that the lawyer enters into an equal discussion with the prosecutor during the court proceedings, and as a result of not interfering with the activities of collecting and presenting evidence in the case, the legal status of the bar is strengthened.
Freedom in advocacy and elimination of any obstacles not only eases the lawyer’s work, but also ensures the legal rights and interests of the person whom the lawyer protects.
It should be recognized that the many changes made to the Constitution, especially the innovations in the field of “Advocacy” have pleased the lawyer community of our country. Because the legal status of the legal profession and advocacy activities is defined in a separate chapter of our Constitution, it means that the position of lawyers in society is being raised to a higher level.
At the same time, in the new version of our Constitution, the lawyer, his honor, dignity and professional activity are protected by the state, and the status of lawyers as an important person who ensures justice has been strengthened by a document with high legal force at the level of the Constitution.
A number of other important documents are being developed in our country to increase the capacity of the legal institute. In my opinion, one of them is the need to develop the Code of Advocacy. All laws and normative legal documents related to the field should be embodied in this code.
The legal basis of the legal service sector is also being improved. In particular, drafts of the laws “On the contractual legal framework and legal service” and “On free legal aid”, as well as the concept of comprehensive legal protection of the population are being prepared.
Intensive work is being done on the preparation of the concept of an independent legal profession. The concept, in particular:
— Strengthening the role of the lawyer in protecting the rights, freedoms and legal interests of citizens at all stages of the investigation and trial;
— To further improve the activities of the Chamber of Advocates, to ensure its literal independence, to transfer the legal institute to a fully self-management system, to increase the accountability of the governing bodies of the Chamber of Advocates to the community of lawyers, to introduce young and qualified professionals to the system attraction
— includes tasks in the main areas such as the development of “digital advocacy”.
The following tasks are being implemented for the development of Digital Advocacy in our country:
firstly, introduction of modern information and communication technologies to advocacy activities;
secondly, to establish an electronic exchange of information between the legal profession, court and law enforcement bodies, and other state bodies in order to ensure the rapid acquisition of information necessary for the implementation of advocacy activities;
thirdly, to expand the possibilities of providing online legal assistance to individuals and legal entities by lawyers through a special information program;
fourthly, it is important to note that it is necessary to create information systems, databases and other software products necessary for the activities of the legal profession and to ensure comprehensive protection and confidentiality of the information stored in them.
It is very important to introduce modern information and communication technologies to the Advocacy system in Uzbekistan. Consequently, the new steps in this regard allow to increase the independence of the legal institute from state bodies and other structures by eliminating the human factor in the system’s operation.
Advocacy is not a state body, but a community of skilled professionals who know their work well and deeply understand the responsibility of their duties. In this sense, I would like to put forward the following suggestions:
firstly, Advocacy Day – setting the date of the professional holiday of representatives of the lawyers’ community;
secondly, establishment of the badge “The best lawyer”;
thirdly, to create a comprehensive, open and reliable source of information, which will be useful not only for citizens, but also for law enforcement agencies and courts, through the creation of the “Unified State Register of Lawyers”
fourth, strengthening the training of lawyers and the issue of staff shortage
fifthly, special importance should be given to issues such as the training of lawyers in higher educational institutions in the field of law, the introduction of the “Law of Advocacy” training course, and the organization of internships for students in the field of advocacy.
In short, the 1996 Law on Advocacy was the most comprehensive law regulating the practice of lawyers for more than 20 years and remains so. The biggest problem in the field is that from the day the law was adopted until today, its implementation has not been sufficiently ensured, and the disrespectful attitude of the employees of the judicial and legal sector to the person of a lawyer has extinguished the interest of future personnel to take up this profession, and they are only interested in the profession of prosecutors and judges. caused an increase. In my opinion, a lawyer is a person who performs one of the main roles in the judicial process. . According to the current law, lawyers are hired to provide free legal aid by the state only for criminal cases. In my opinion, I would suggest providing a lawyer to provide free legal services not only in criminal court cases, but also in economic, administrative and civil cases.
REFERENCES:
1. human rights.uz New Uzbekistan Advocacy: Development strategy.
2. Peculiarities of the development of Nauchniyimpuls.ru Institute of Advocacy.
3. xs.uz The role of the legal profession in our newly revised Constitution.
4. uzlidep.uz
5. uzbekistan-geneva.ch
6. Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Guarantees of Advocacy and Social Protection of Lawyers”.
Associate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy in Biology (Phd),
Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Mamarajabova Matluba Tilakovna
Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Saidova Elmira Anvarovna
Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Termez Staty University, Termez, Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT:
The article provides data on the distribution of phytonematodes by representatives of the order Tylenchida (Filipjev, 1934) Thorne, 1949 in the apple orchards of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. As a result of the study, 28 species of phytonematodes were identified in the root system and root soil of apple plants. During the research, species dominated Filenchus filiformis, Psilenchus hilarulus, Ditylenchus intermedius, D.myceliophagus, D.triformis,Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlnius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Paratylenchus hamatus and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
KEYWORDS: Phytonematodes, apple orchards, order Tylenchida, root system, rhizosphere, phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect, phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect.
INTRODUCTION: Phytoparasitic nematodes among parasites and pests of wild and cultivated plants are not the last in nature. The Tylenchida order occupies a special place in the phytohelminthology system, since it contains the central and most important group of phytonematodes, represented by typical phytohelminths: pathogenic forms that cause plant diseases -phytohelminthiasis.
When studying some crops and their nematological fauna, it turns out that yield losses are determined not only by the harmful activity of the “stylet nematodes” of the tylenchid order. The forms of this group of nematodes are also involved in the processes of saprobiotic decay and expand, the volume of the affected areas of plant tissue as a result of vigorous inoculating function [9, 446 p.]. On the territory of Uzbekistan, in particular the Surkhandarya region phytonematodes of apple orchards were studied by E.T.Turaev, T.S. Skarbilovich [1, pp. 58-61.], Sh.Kh. Khurramov, E.T. Turaev [2, p. 115-124.].
MATERIALS: To study the distribution in apple orchards of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan in the period from 2020 to 2021. We collected phytonematodes from the root soil and root system of plants in shirkat farms from the territory of the Surkhandarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The studies were carried out by the generally accepted route method [9, 446 p.]. During the phytohelminthological study, 700 samples of soil and root system of apple plants were collected and analyzed.
METHODS: Phytonematodes were removed by the Berman funnel method and fixed with a 4% formalin solution. Enlightenment of nematodes was carried out in a mixture of glycerin with alcohol (1: 3), and permanent preparations on glycerin were prepared for in-office processing of the material according to the Seinhorst method [10, P. 67-69.]. Soil samples for the presence of cysts forming nematodes were usually analyzed according to the standard Decker method [3, 445 p.].
The species composition of nematodes was studied under an MBR-3 microscope. To determine the species, we used morphometric indicators obtained according to the generally accepted De Man formula [4,104 p.] In its modification according to Micoletzky [6, 650p.]. The degree of dominance of phytonematodes in plant and soil samples was determined from the percentage state of individuals of certain species to the number of all detected by Witkowsky [5, – 53 p].
RESULTS: For the entire period of phytohelminthological studies of apple orchards on the territory of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, representatives of the order Tylenchida, we identified 28 species of phytonematodes.Discovered species belonging to 3 suborders (Tylenchina, Criconematina, Hexatylina), 5 superfamilies (Tylenchoidea, Dolichodoroidea, Hoplolaimoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinoidea), 7 families (Tylenchidae, Dolicilenidae, Dolichodoridae, Tylenchorhynchinae, Psilenchinae, Rotylenchinae, Rotylenchoidinae, Pratylenchinae, Paratylenchinae, Anguininae, Nothotylenchinae) and 14 genera (Tylenchus, Filenchus, Aglenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Bitylenchus, Quinisulcius, Merlnius,Psilenchus, Rotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Ditylenchus, Nothotylenchus).
PHYTOHELMINTHS OF NONSPECIFIC PATHOGENIC EFFECT: In our material, they are represented by 11 species: Tylenchus davainei Bastian, 1865 was identified in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Saryassi, Muzrabad, Jarkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. Filenchus filiformis (Butschli, 1873) Meyl, 1961 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Sumkurgan, Saryassi, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. F.infirmus (Andrassy, 1952) Andrassy, 1976 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region. F.leptosoma (De Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1972 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Dzharkurgan, Bandykhan and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Aglenchus agricola (De Man, 1884) Meyl, 1961 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Termez and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.
Psilenchus hilarulus De Man, 1921 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Baysun, Kumkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.D.intermedius (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Uzun, Altynsai and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.D.myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Altynsai, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad,
Terme and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.D.triformis Hirshmann et Sasser, 1955 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Bandykhan and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.Nothotylenchus acris Thorne, 1941 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Jarkurgan, Termez, Saryassi and Muzrabad districts of the Surkhandarya region.N. exiguus Andrassy, 1958 was found in the rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora, Dzharkurgan and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region.
PHYTOHELMINTHS WITH A SPECIFIC PATHOGENIC EFFECT: In our research, they are represented by 17 species: Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus Cobb, 1913 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Angora, Denau, Dzharkurgan and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region.T.brassicae Siddiqi, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region Bitylenchus dubius (Butschli, 1873) Siddiqi, 1986 was registered in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.
Quinisulcius capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Jarkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Merlnius brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1975 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Baysun, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. Rotylenchus robustus (De Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1934 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Denau, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.
Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.H.digonicus Perry, 1959 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Termez, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.H.erythrinae (Zimmermann, 1904) Golden, 1956 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Shurchinsky, Baysunsky, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Uzun, Bandykhan, Sherabad, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. H.multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Sherabad, Termez and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.
H.pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Dzharkurgan, Termez and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region.Pratylenchus pratensis (De Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936 found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Baysun, Denau, Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Bandykhan, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region.P.crenatus Loof, 1960 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Altynsai, Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. P.penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev et Sch.
Stekchoven, 1941 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Kumkurgan, Dzharkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of the Surkhandarya region. Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 was identified in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in the Kumkurgan, Saryassi, Dzharkurgan, Termez and Angora regions of the Surkhandarya region. P.hamatus Thorne et Allen, 1950 was found in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Jarkurgan, Termez, Muzrabad and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 was recorded in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants in Denau, Altynsai, Saryassi, Uzun, Termez and Angora districts of Surkhandarya region.
DISCUSSIONS: During the studies carried out from phytohelminths of a nonspecific pathogenic effect, the species Filenchus filiformis, Psilenchus hilarulus, Ditylenchus intermedius, D.myceliophagus, D.triformis were identified in numerous specimens in the roots and rhizosphere of apple plants. Among phytohelminths with a specific pathogenic effect, the dominant species were Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitlenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlnius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Paratylenchus hamatus and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
CONCLUSION: For the entire period of phytohelminthological studies of apple orchards on the territory of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, representatives of the order Tylenchida, we identified 28 species of phytonematodes (phytohelminths of nonspecific pathogenic effect-11 species, phytohelminths of specific pathogenic effect-17 species).
The results of the phytohelminthological study showed that phytonematodes of the order Tylenchida cause serious diseases in apple orchards in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan and cause great economic damage to the productivity of these crops. Therefore, the study of the distribution and species composition, bioecological features and substantiation of measures to combat these pests is of great scientific and practical importance in the fruit growing of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
REFERENSES: 1) Тураев Э.Т., Скарбилович Т.О. Динамика фауны нематод яблони в Сурхандарьинской области Узбекистана. Бюл. ВИГИС, 1981.1/31. С. 58-61. 2) Хуррамов Ш.Х., Тураев Э.Т. К вопросу изучения нематод плодово-ягодных культур юга Узбекистана. Узбекский биологический журнал. 1978. С.115-124. 3) Dekker H. Nematodes of plants and the fight against them. – M. Kolos, 1972. 445 p. 4) De Man J.G. Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen erde und im siissen wasser Lebenden Nematoden. – Tijdschr // Nedrl. Dierk. Vereen, 1880. – V.5. – 104 p. 5) Witkowski T. Struktura zgrupowania nicieni zyjacych w glebie upraw rolniczych // Stud. Soc. Sci. Torum. 1966. T.8. – No.3. – 53 p. 6) Micoletzky G. Die freilebenden ErdNematoden, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Steiermark under Bukowina, zugleich mit einer Revision samtlicher nicht mariner, freilebender Nematoden in Farm von esenus– Beschreibungen und Bestimmungsschlusselh // Arch. Naturgesch. -1922. Ant. A. – Vol. 87. – 650 p. 7) Kiryanova E. S., Krall E. L. Parasitic nematodes of plants and measures to control them. – Moscow: Nauka, 1969. – Vol. 1. 447
In today’s developing society, we can see that people’s aspirations for the education system are growing, not only in our country, but also in many countries around the world, attitudes to all types of systems are changing.
In the context of increasing globalization and fierce competition in the world economy, it is important for a person to receive lifelong learning, not just education, for today’s life. After all, the future development of the country is closely linked with the achievements in this area.
Nowadays, a number of reforms are being carried out in the education system of the Republic. A number of measures are being taken in the system of continuing education in our country on the basis of the decision of December 10, 2012 on measures to further improve the system of learning foreign languages PQ-1875. In this direction, by Resolution No. 124 of May 8, 2013, the SES (State Education Standards) on foreign languages in the system of continuing education was adopted and the A-1 starting level of learning foreign language for primary grades was established.
Nowadays, these guides have found their own place. Our government is taking such measures to teach our students foreign languages, so are the foreign language teachers ready for the process? To be ready for this process, the teacher oneself must have perfect knowledge, skills and abilities in all aspects.
Today’s modern teacher is required to achieve three main goals in education: pedagogical, educational and developmental.
Today’s teacher will need to use a variety of methods and interactive methods throughout the lesson, depending on the purpose of the lesson. According to the decision of PQ -1875 dated December 10, 2012. Foreign languages are taught to students in general education schools of the Republic, for example, from the 1st grade. In the 1st grade, thinking and arguing are carried out mainly on the basis of oral speech. Writing, listening and reading skills are practiced in 2nd grade.
Can foreign language teachers achieve the goals set above? For this, first of all, they need pedagogical, psychological knowledge, skills and abilities. Alternatively, a foreign language teacher can teach students by comparing a foreign language only if he or she is fluent in his or her native language. Nowadays, it is important for a teacher to have the necessary competencies.
What is competence?
Competence is a competency formed in each teacher on the basis of acquired knowledge, skills and competencies. First of all, it should be noted that the main purpose of teaching a foreign language at all stages of education in the Republic of Uzbekistan is to form a communicative connection of a foreign language for learners to work in a multidisciplinary society in everyday scientific professions.
Today’s foreign language teacher needs to have the following language-related communications in order to communicate with students.
1 Linguistic competence (phonetics, vocabulary, grammar of the teacher’s language) is considered to be perfect knowledge, listening, reading and writing skills.
Sociolinguistic competence allows the speaker to choose the method of expression of the desired linguistic form based on a particular speech situation, communicative purpose, and desire.
2 Sociolinguistic competence encompasses the social and cultural context in which language is taught to students by comparing the customs and values, rituals of the country in which they live.
3 Pragmatic competence refers to the ability to repeat and ask when there are misunderstandings in a communicative situation in a foreign language being studied, and to get out of complex situations through hoaxes. The fact that we use many pedagogical technologies in the process of continuing education in our modern life, depending on the content of education, also requires competencies from the teacher. We need to provide more methodological support to today’s young professionals, namely, mainly students. Establishing a teacher-student relationship is a requirement of this period. We recommend teachers to young professionals to learn more pedagogical and psychological sciences perfectly to work with primary school students. Because working with younger students requires perseverance and dedication.
In order to achieve effective teaching, a foreign language teacher is required to set the following requirements.
1 A foreign language teacher must know one`s specialty perfectly on the basis of SES (State Education Standards).
2 Treat your student as a spiritually mature, noble, mentally gifted person.
3 A foreign language teacher should know perfectly about the pedagogical and psychological characteristics of primary school students.
One of the main qualities of a modern teacher is one`s devotion to their profession, his/her faith in love of the profession distinguishes from other professionals. To sum up, a teacher who loves children, dedicated the pedagogical mastery of all his/her strength, knowledge to educating the next generation is a true teacher.
Author: Madina Fayzullaeva, a master’s student in the faculty Pedagogy of Chirchik State of Pedagogical University
