GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASES COMMON IN WOMEN
Abstract
This article focuses on explaining the importance of early detection and diagnosis of diseases in women’s health. It aims to provide useful information for medical professionals and the general public by covering common gynecological diseases today, their causes, types, treatment methods, and similar information.
Keywords: Myoma, Adenomyosis, Ovarian Cysts, Endometriosis, Cervical Erosion.
Introduction
The health of the female reproductive organs is crucial throughout life, encompassing reproduction, hormonal balance, attractiveness, and other female-specific processes. Disruptions in these processes can lead to various gynecological diseases.
Main Part
The primary gynecological diseases in women are linked to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the female body. Although these diseases mainly affect the reproductive system, they also influence the entire body. The pathology of vital organs is of great significance.
Uterine Fibroids (Myoma)
Currently, uterine fibroids are diagnosed in 30-35% of women. Myoma is a benign tumor that develops in the muscle layer (myometrium) of the uterus. There are three types of myomas:
Intramural Myoma: Develops within the uterine muscle layer, causing noticeable uterine enlargement, menstrual irregularities, severe pain, and pressure on the bladder and rectum.
Subserous Myoma: Forms on the outer wall of the uterus within the serous membrane, growing outward into the pelvic cavity. These tumors are often asymptomatic, but may cause constipation and frequent urination.
Submucosal Myoma: Forms under the inner lining of the uterus and is rare but severe, leading to abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive bleeding, lower abdominal and lower back pain.
Symptoms of Myoma:
Not all myomas cause noticeable symptoms, especially subserous ones. However, in some cases, clinical signs include:
Menstrual changes (lasting more than 8 days, heavy bleeding, blood clots)
Severe pain between menstrual cycles
Lower back and abdominal pain
Increased abdominal size
Pain during intercourse
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a chronic gynecological disease where the endometrial tissue (inner uterine lining) invades the myometrium (uterine muscle layer). This condition is often referred to as internal endometriosis due to its similarities with endometriosis. It causes thickening and enlargement of the uterus. Research suggests that adenomyosis is diagnosed in 70% of women of reproductive age, particularly those aged 35-50.
Causes of Adenomyosis:
Although the exact causes are not fully understood, several factors contribute to its development:
Hormonal imbalance (high estrogen levels)
Disruptions in estrogen and progesterone balance
Previous abortions, uterine surgeries, cesarean sections
Chronic uterine inflammation
Autoimmune factors (where the immune system attacks its own tissues)
Symptoms of Adenomyosis:
Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
Pain during intercourse
General discomfort in the pelvic area
Endometriotic Cysts (Endometriosis)
Endometriotic cysts, or “chocolate cysts,” are another chronic gynecological condition. In this disease, the endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, attaching to other organs, leading to inflammation and severe pain. The menstrual blood in affected women often takes on a dark, chocolate-like color.
Causes of Endometriosis:
Genetic predisposition
Hormonal imbalance
Acquired factors (surgeries, immune dysfunctions)
In some cases, it can lead to infertility
Treatment Methods
Treatment options for the above-mentioned diseases include:
Conservative therapy: Steroid medications, hormonal treatments
Surgical intervention: Removal of fibroids, cysts, or affected tissues
Chemotherapy: Used in severe cases
Diagnostic methods: MRI, ultrasound
Conclusion
To prevent these gynecological diseases, women should undergo regular medical check-ups and seek gynecological advice. Maintaining a balanced diet, ensuring hormonal stability, and engaging in physical activity can significantly contribute to overall reproductive health.
References
Information from gynecology studies
Tojiyeva Muxlisa
Bukhara State Medical Institute, Turkey Faculty, Student