Problems and Analysis Methods of Translation Practice in the  Exercise  

 Student of Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages   Abdullajonova Rayhona Arabjon qizi  Abdullajonovarayhona874 @gmail.com  +998886630603 

 Supervisor: Kadirova Nargiza  

Annotation.In diesem Beitrag werden ein breites Spektrum von Problemen in der  Übersetzungspraxis, die Gründe für ihre Entstehung und die Methoden der Analyse  ausführlich diskutiert. Insbesondere die grammatikalischen, lexikalischen,  stilistischen und kulturellen Unterschiede zwischen der usbekischen und der  deutschen Sprache beeinflussen den Übersetzungsprozess und welche  wissenschaftlichen Methoden zur Überwindung dieser Unterschiede eingesetzt  werden sollten. Ausgehend von den Leitgedanken der Übersetzungstheorie werden  praktische und theoretische Ansätze analysiert, die für den Übersetzer notwendigen  Qualifikationen, Fähigkeiten und Strategien diskutiert. 

Annotation. This article discusses in detail a wide range of problems in translation  practice, the reasons for their origin and methods of analysis. In particular, the  grammatical, lexical, stylistic and cultural differences between the Uzbek and  German languages affect the translation process, and what scientific methods should  be used to overcome these differences. On the basis of the leading ideas of translation  theory, practical and theoretical approaches are analyzed, the qualifications, skills  and strategies necessary for the translator are discussed. 

Schlüsselwörter. Übersetzungspraxis, Übersetzungstheorie, Deutsche Sprache,  Usbekische Sprache, Analysemethoden, grammatikalische Unterschiede,  lexikalische Unterschiede, kulturelle Unterschiede, pragmatische Unterschiede,  sprachlicher Ansatz, kultureller Ansatz, funktionale Äquivalenz, Transkription. 

Keywords. Translation practice, translation theory, German language, Uzbek  language, methods of analysis, grammatical differences, lexical differences, cultural  differences, pragmatic differences, linguistic approach, cultural approach, functional  equivalence, transcription. 

Translation has been one of the most important tools of intercultural communication  throughout human history. Today, the role of translation is becoming more and more  important as global connections in science, technology, literature, politics, and other  fields increase. Translation has become not only a means of transferring information 

between languages, but also of transferring spiritual and social values from one  culture to another. The structure of the Uzbek language and the German language,  the style of expression, and the cultural basis differ significantly. These differences  create many difficulties in the translation process. A translator must translate not  only literally, but also correctly convey its meaning, style, cultural context,  communicative purpose. The article comprehensively analyzes the problems  encountered in translation practice and proposes solutions based on modern  scientific methods. 

The main problems of translation practice. Lexical problems. There are significant  differences between the vocabulary and lexical structures of the Uzbek and German  languages. Whereas in Uzbek a word often has many meanings, in German there is  a specific expression for each meaning. For example, the Uzbek verb “to see”  denotes a general action and is used in different contexts: to see (with an eye), to see  (to experiment), to see (to meet). In German, various verbs are used for these cases,  such as sehen (to see with the eye), erleben (to experiment), sich treffen (to meet).  The translator should analyze the context in depth and choose the appropriate option.  Problems are also common in the translation of phraseological units. Phraseologisms  often have a cultural basis in German and appear strange or incomprehensible in  German when translated directly. For example, expressions such as “Heartbreak”  should be conveyed in translation with an appropriate equivalent or annotation. 

Grammar problems. Differences in grammatical systems create many problems in  the translation process. Uzbek language is an agglutinatable language, and  grammatical meanings are expressed by suffixes. In German, there are genders of  nouns (masculine, feminine, neutral) and are designated by the articles. In Uzbek,  the basic structure of a sentence is simple (I went to school), whereas in German the  word order is based on a strict rule (Ich bin zur Schule gegangen). Secondary verbs  and auxiliary verbs are used a lot in the sentence. In German, the form of nouns and  articles change (der Tisch – den Tisch, dem Tisch and so on) if more pronouncements  are indicated in Uzbek. Such discrepancies require structural adaptations and  grammatical transformations in translation. 

Stylistic problems. Uzbek literary style is characterized by softer, more emotionally  rich expressions. In German, on the other hand, the emphasis is on expressing  clearly, concisely, and logically. It takes great skill to find their functional equivalent  when translating into German poetic metaphors, exaggerations, means of  expression, which are often used in Uzbek literature or in everyday speech.  Otherwise, the translation may look dry and artificial. Also, many expressions used  in the Uzbek language as part of respect and manners are divided into formal or  informal forms in German (via the forms Sie and du). Choosing the right level will  ensure the accuracy of the translation and its appropriateness to the context.

Cultural and pragmatic issues. Fundamental differences between Uzbek and  German cultures are often noticed in the translation process. For example, in Uzbek  culture special respect is given to adults and requires a lot of care in speech. In  German society, however, the principle of equality is stronger, and this is also  noticeable in the tone of speech. Since religious and national realities (for example,  “iftor”, “savob”, “Sufi”) often found in Uzbek are not exactly equivalent in German  culture, the translator must interpret these concepts or translate them with cultural  adaptation. Pragmatically, what is acceptable and acceptable in one culture may have  negative connotations in another. In such situations, the translator should use the  method of adaptation (localization), taking into account the purpose of the text and  the audience. 

Translation Analysis Methods. Linguistic analysis. Linguistic analysis is a method  of in-depth study of the interaction of language systems and elements in the  translation process. It is carried out at the level of grammatical structures, syntax,  morphology and phonetics. For example, differences such as the adaptation of the  free speech order in Uzbek to the strict order of free speech in German, or the manner  in which tenses are expressed (in Uzbek language the most accurate tense is clearly  defined, then in German tenses are often understood in context) are determined by  linguistic analysis. Cultural analysis. Cultural analysis involves the analysis of the  cultural codes, values, traditions of the translated text. The translator identifies the  differences between the source culture and the receiving culture and develops  adapted options. Cultural analysis is especially important in translating national  concepts, holidays, religious terms, and everyday customs. Functional Analysis.  Functional analysis is a translation technique that takes into account the  communicative purpose, audience, and context of a text. In this way, the translation  is done not only verbatim but also while maintaining the overall effect of the text.  For example, when translating ad text, you need to remember that its goal is to sell  the product, so it will be more important to maintain an impactful focus on your  audience, rather than translating the words correctly. 

The practice of translation is not a simple language change, but a complex cultural  and stylistic process of transfer. Translation work between Uzbek and German  should study in depth the grammatical, lexical, stylistic, and cultural differences and  apply the appropriate analysis techniques to each gap. The use of a harmonious  combination of linguistic, cultural and functional analysis methods in overcoming  translation problems is a key factor for improving the quality and effectiveness of  translation. A translator should always expand his language skills, cultural  knowledge and be aware of modern translation methodology. Translation is a  process that requires not only knowledge, but also art, patience, experience and a  creative approach.

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