THE ROLE OF COGNATES IN LINGUISTICS: COGNATES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Khasanova Azizabonu
Uzbek State University of World Languages
Email: xasanovaazizakhon06@gmail.com
Abstract
Cognates play a very crucial role in every language’s linguistics. Therefore, when we want to learn some languages or compare ours to other languages we definitely come across them during our learning journey. The concept of cognates can be found in nearly all languages, since languages are interrelated and, in many instances, words are transferred or adapted from one language to another, resulting in the emergence of cognates.
Keywords: Modern information technologies, interactive learning, e-learning, digital transformation, education quality.
If the history of cognate is discussed, etymology dictionaries trace present-day words to the oldest forms available, establish their primary meanings and give the parent form reconstructed by means of the comparative-historical method. In case of borrowings they point out the immediate source of borrowing, its origin, and parallel forms in cognate languages.
1. Cognate awareness One method of building vocabulary among English-language learners whose language share capitalize on students’ first-language knowledge (August et al.2005). Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Students often can draw on their knowledge of words in their native language to figure out the meanings of cognates in English. Because of their common Latin and Greek roots, as well as the close connections between English and the Romance languages, English and Spanish share a large number of cognate pairs. Not only in Romance or English languages but also in Uzbek we can see some cognates
2. Cognates in English and Uzbek languages ENGLISH UZBEK EXPLANATION Radio Radio Same form, same meaning. Taxi Taxi Similar pronunciation and meaning. Doctor Doctor Similar pronunciation and same meaning .Video Video Same pronunciation and same meaning. Virus Virus same form, different pronunciation. Bank Bank Same form, same meaning Hacker Haker Slightly different form, same meaning (loanword from same root) Menu Menyu Different form, same pronunciation and meaning. Mini Mini Same form and meaning. Idea Ideya Different pronunciation, same meaning. Season Sezon Slightly different pronunciation, same meaning Zebra Zebra Same form, same meaning. Cobra Kobra Same form, same meaning. Museum Muzey Different pronunciation, same meaning.
Types of cognates in English language: Actually the main types of cognates are true cognates, near-perfect cognates and false cognates. In true cognates have a identical spelling and similar meaning, but in perfect cognates have slightly different spelling but similar meaning, in false cognates have similar spelling but different meaning. Some classifications also include accidental cognates (which are words that are similar by chance), and partial cognates (which are may share a root not all affixes.
Conclusion To sum up the findings, it is clear that English and Uzbek share many type of cognates that reflect cultural and linguistic exchange. Words such as radio, computer, virus ,taxi demonstrates how global communication and scientific progress have influenced modern vocabulary.
References1.R.S.Ginzburg.A modern course in modern English lexicology.2.Agniezska Otwinowska. Cognate vocabulary in language acquisition and Use. 3. https://semantjournals.org/index.php/AJBP. 4.Cognate in foreign language learning: A cognitive and Linguodidactic perspective by Natalia Oberste-Berghaus(2025) 5.uz.wikipedia.uz
Azizabonu Xasanova was born on November 22,2006 in Buloqboshi district, Andijan region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No.43 specialized for English and Mathematics.She has achieved remarkable success in her studies and extracurricular activities. In 2022, she won a competition organized by the Muloqot channel, as a result of which her CEFR exam will be fully funded by the government.As a result, she successfully earned a B2 level certificate with a score of 58 points.
Currently, she is continuing her bachelor’s degree at the Uzbekistan State World Languages of University, majoring in English Philology. She participate in regularly in some projects like University Pride, Kitoblarim Yuzi and others. As a second year student She has successfully transitioned from a self-funded (contract) student to receiving a 50% university grant this year. This achievement not only reflects her academic excellence but also provides her with significant financial support to continue her studies more comfortably.
Azizabonu Xasanova is an enthusiastic student with a deep interest in languages and cultural communication.