AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS IN FRENCH AND UZBEK
Xurramova Farangiz
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
Faculty of Romance and Germanic Languages
2nd year student of the French Department
Annotation: This article deals with adjective–noun agreement in French and Uzbek. From a comparative perspective, it examines gender and number agreement of adjectives in French and the grammatical invariability of adjectives in Uzbek. The study identifies key differences between the two grammatical systems and contributes to reducing difficulties in learning French.
Keywords: French language, Uzbek language, adjective–noun agreement, comparative grammar, adjective variation
INTRODUCTION
The study of grammatical relations between word classes in linguistics is of great theoretical and practical importance. In particular, the relationship between adjectives and nouns is one of the main factors that determine the grammatical structure of each language. These relationships are expressed differently in different types of languages. French belongs to the group of inflectional languages, while Uzbek is an agglutinative language.
For this reason, the agreement of adjectives and nouns is based on different grammatical mechanisms in these languages. This article will be devoted to a comparative analysis of these differences.
Quality and agreement of horses in French
In French, adjectives must agree with the noun in gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural). This agreement is manifested in the formal variation of the quality and is one of the important features of the French grammatical system (Grevisse, 2016).
For example
un garçon intelligent
une fille intelligente
des garçons intelligents
In addition, there are color adjectives, compound adjectives, and some invariable adjectives that create exceptions to the agreement process. These complexities pose a challenge for foreigners learning French, including Uzbek speakers.
Quality and attitude of horses in Uzbek
In Uzbek, adjectives are grammatically invariable and do not agree with the noun in gender or number. An adjective only indicates the sign or characteristic of a noun and does not undergo formal changes (Rahmatullayev, 2006).
For example:
good book
good books
big house
big houses
It is clear that even though the noun changes in number, the adjective retains its form. In Uzbek, grammatical relations are mainly expressed through suffixes, while adjectives perform a lexical-semantic function.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study examined the issue of agreement of adjectives and nouns in French and Uzbek based on a comparative-linguistic approach. Descriptive, comparative and analytical techniques were used in the research process. Based on the materials of both languages, the grammatical features of adjectives, their relationship with the noun and their function in speech were determined.
Using the comparative analysis method, the agreement of adjectives with nouns in terms of gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) in French and the invariability of adjectives in Uzbek were compared. In the study, the formative and semantic aspects of grammatical agreement were given special attention.
In the process of grammatical (structural) analysis, the formative changes of adjectives in French, concurrence suffixes and exceptional cases were considered. In the Uzbek language, the invariability of adjectives and their semantic connection with nouns were analyzed using examples. Examples of interesting Uzbek book – interesting books were compared, for example, with the French forms un livre intéressant – des livres intéressants.
Through semantic analysis, the role of adjectives in expressing meaning and their function in identifying characteristics were studied. It was found that although the meaning of adjectives is similar in both languages, there are significant differences in their grammatical expression.
In addition, the features of the use of adjectives in oral and written speech were analyzed using the method of functional analysis. It was determined that the correct agreement of adjectives in French ensures the grammatical correctness of speech, while the invariability of adjectives in Uzbek serves the simplicity and clarity of speech.
These methodological approaches served to comprehensively cover the subject of the study and scientifically reveal the main differences in the systems of adjective and noun agreement in French and Uzbek.
TAHLIL VA NATIJALAR
| Til | Misol | Grammatik holat | Izoh | Tahlil natijalari |
| French | Un homme courageux | Masculin, singulier | The adjective ends in -x, the agreement is preserved. | Gender and number agreement binding |
| French | Une femme courageuse | Féminin, singulier | The adjective has the suffix -e. | Sex-specific variation |
| French | Des maisons blanches | Féminin, pluriel | Quality came with es | Gender and age are displayed simultaneously. |
| French | Un travaille difficile | Masculin, singulier | The quality does not change in form. | There are also unchanging adjectives. |
| Uzbek | Go’zal qiz | Invariant | Quality does not undergo a formal change. | There is no grammatical agreement. |
| Uzbek | Go’zal qizlar | Invariant | The noun is plural, the adjective does not change. | No number agreement. |
| Uzbek | Eski uy | Invariant | Denotes character | Quality only serves a semantic function. |
| Uzbek | Baland binolar | Invariant | No gender category | Agglutinative property |
Comparative analysis: Comparative analysis shows that in French, the agreement of adjectives and nouns is an integral part of the grammatical system, while in Uzbek, such agreement does not exist. This situation causes interference phenomena in the speech of Uzbek speakers learning French. In particular, errors related to the disagreement of adjectives in gender and number are common. The comparative approach is of significant methodological importance in identifying and eliminating these problems in advance.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE USED
In the course of this study, a number of scientific sources devoted to highlighting the grammatical structure of French and Uzbek languages were analyzed. In particular, the question of quality and horse agreement in French grammar has been studied in depth by many mature linguists.
M. in highlighting the issue of gender and numerical agreement of adjectives with nouns in French. The work “Le Bon Usage” by Grevisse is an important source. This work details the agreement of adjectives, exceptions, and the grammatical features of adjectives that do not change and indicate color. Bescherelle’s grammar guides also systematically explain the rules of agreement of adjectives in French, which are of great practical importance from the point of view of grammar.
In Russian linguistics, V. covered the issues of general and comparative grammar. V. Vinogradov’s scientific views are important. His works theoretically substantiate the grammatical relations between parts of speech, including the agreement of adjectives. Also, A. V. Kunin and N. N. Amosova’s works highlight the semantic and functional aspects of grammatical categories, providing an important theoretical framework for comparative analysis.
Grammatical features of adjectives in Uzbek linguistics and their relationship with the noun Sh. Rahmatullayev’s work “The Modern Uzbek Literary Language” covers this topic extensively. The author scientifically demonstrates the invariability of adjectives in the Uzbek language and their participation only as lexical units denoting a sign. A. E. Mamatov and A. Hajiyev’s research also analyzed in depth the grammatical system of the Uzbek language, the functional features of word categories.
On the basis of these sources, the agreement of quality and nouns in French and Uzbek was studied in a comparative way, identifying the main differences in the grammatical system of the two languages. The literature used served to strengthen the theoretical basis of the study as well as to ensure the scholarship of the conclusions drawn.
CONCLUSION
In short, the system of agreement of adjectives and nouns in French and Uzbek is fundamentally different. In French, adjectives are grammatically active and agree with the noun in gender and number, while in Uzbek, adjectives are invariable. The results of this comparative study are of theoretical and practical importance for the study of the French language and can be effectively used in the process of language teaching
REFERENCES
1.Grevisse, M. Le Bon Usage. Paris: De Boeck Supérieur, 2016.
2.Bescherelle. La grammaire pour tous. Paris: Hatier, 2015.
3. Rahmatullayev, Sh. Hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tili. Toshkent: Universitet, 2006.
4. Hojiyev, A. Tilshunoslik terminlarining izohli lug‘ati. Toshkent, 2002.v