Aliya Abdurasulova, a Namangan State university student
WORKING WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS IN C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Annotation
This article provides information on processes for working with one- and multi-dimensional arrays in the C++ programming language. The types of arrays, the methods of their use, and their application in the program code are explained with examples. Problems encountered when working with arrays and their solutions are also considered. Information is also provided on how arrays are stored in memory and many ways to make the most of them. The article provides a deeper understanding for beginners and programmers.
Keywords
C++ programming language, arrays, one-dimensional array, multidimensional array, programming fundamentals, data structure, array in C++, indexes, working with arrays, program structuring, data storage, code writing (structuring)
Introduction
In programming, efficient storage and access to data is of great importance. In C++ programming language, arrays are used to store data of the same type in an ordered manner. Unlike simple variables, arrays allow multiple values to be grouped under a single name, which simplifies the code and improves efficiency. Arrays are divided into one-dimensional and multi-dimensional types. A one-dimensional array represents a simple list, while multi-dimensional arrays are structured as tables or matrices. This article explains creating arrays in C++, using them, and practical examples.
1. One-Dimensional Arrays
One-dimensional arrays are ordered collections of elements. They are declared using the following syntax:
data_type array_name[size];
Where:
• data_type – the type of array elements (e.g., int, double, char, etc.)
• array_name – the name of the array
• size – the number of elements in the array
1.1 Declaring and Using a One-Dimensional Array
For example, let’s create an array containing 5 numbers and display them on the screen:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Array declared and initialized cout << “Array elements: “; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { cout << numbers[i] << ” “; } return 0; }
1.2 Array Input from User
If array elements need to be entered by the user during program execution, the following method can be used:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int numbers[5]; cout << “Enter 5 numbers: “; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { cin >> numbers[i]; } cout << “The numbers you entered: “; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { cout << numbers[i] << ” “; } return 0; }
2. Multi-Dimensional Arrays
Multi-dimensional arrays allow access to elements through multiple indices. The most commonly used type is the two-dimensional array, which is often applied in representing tables or matrices.
2.1 Declaring a Two-Dimensional Array
The syntax for declaring a two-dimensional array is:
data_type array_name[rows][columns];
Where:
• rows – number of rows
• columns – number of columns
2.2 Example of a 2×3 Array
For example, let’s create an array with 2 rows and 3 columns and display it on the screen:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int matrix[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}; cout << “Array elements: \n”; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { cout << matrix[i][j] << ” “; } cout << endl; } return 0; }
2.3 User Input for Array Size and Elements
The following program asks the user for the size of the array and its elements, then displays them:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cout << “Enter the number of array elements: “; cin >> n; int arr[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << “Enter element ” << i+1 << “: “; cin >> arr[i]; } cout << “Array elements: “; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << arr[i] << ” “; } return 0; }
Advantages of Working with Arrays
• Organized data storage – Arrays allow storing elements of the same type in order.
• Fast access – With indexing, any element can be accessed directly.
• Convenient processing – Arrays allow automating various calculations in programming.
Conclusion
This article comprehensively covered the stages of working with one- and multi-dimensional arrays in the C++ programming language. The types of arrays, their effective organization, and their proper use in program code were explained with practical examples. Problems encountered in working with arrays and their optimal solutions were discussed. Arrays are one of the most important tools for storing and processing data, and their effective use simplifies the programming process. Correct use of arrays in future software projects contributes to faster code execution and optimized memory usage.
References
1. Bjarne Stroustrup. “The C++ Programming Language” (4th Edition). Addison-Wesley, 2013.
2. Sh.F. Madraximov, A.M. Ikramov, M.R. Babajanov, “C++ tilida programmalash bo‘yicha masalalar to‘plami”, Tashkent – 2014.
I gather the faces of people, in the treasure of folly, engraving upon my poor dress a song, a silent prayer. I add colors to creation, to weave a metamorphosis, one after another, echoing the depths of happiness. I am your dream, O people of reason, a condition veiled in wonder, eyes gazing towards tomorrow. The streets are empty, hearts outstretched, trodden by the weight of silent doubt. I adapt to grandeur, inhabiting an incapacity, visible to all, my nakedness, my fragility. My feet are nailed to the pavement’s face, showcases of sorrow, where hope feels faint. Sometimes it sighs, and sometimes it softens, your dream, O people of words, is sweeter, but often forgotten. For I am the one who wanders, or do people wander with me? A dervish in a circle, lost in a memory. I emerge, my soul pours forth, between its lines, the strings of longing for the sanctuary’s robe, and the blessings that true love brings. They slept upon the shoulders of time, testimony of interwoven moments, signs of exchange, a miracle yet to be found. ***
A Martyr Sign me up, right here, To a womb that defies history’s commute. Inscribe my name. Never did I nurse from the breasts of women in a slave market. I could not trust mystics, Nor did their bells ring recognition in my heart. A million fears My fears, multiplied a millionfold, When I find death staring into my life, When I see coffins stacked, Black as the tears of rain. May God grant you a long life, To console homes filled with sorrow— The bodies of the martyrs, Whose lives gifted you freedom. Beside the widows and orphans, Gallows craft your dreams, Selling your heart on the very first road. Be a martyr. *** A frame to image painful Sorrows planted deep inside hearts, Awakening seeds of fear, With horror facts concealed and capped. Dressed in the wear of silence, The sorrows of the day were sown— A sign upon a grave, a dub To the slow death of man, unknown. Silence is no picture of them, Without a paint, it’s stark and grim. Accepted: you die anonymous, Though in your truth, you live a dream. Though your heart in desert carries home, Though your age was right for your own land, Accepted: you die anonymous, Like Zia’s glory, a vanishing strand. When such a spirit’s light extinguishes, And disappears, a beautiful dream ends, Accepted: you die anonymous. Too, houses died, their doors against walls bend. Her streets, they mourned; the night came, withered, Leaving a body, chronically loved, A shiny star, whose songs no longer tethered To the moon, now silently removed. Rumored, the last beats from your heart, You felt and then announced absence. Faces passed like dreams, printed apart On the plate-blooded board of lost essence. Regrets the eye which saw of leaving At mystery. It was not inspiring— A frame to image aching, ever grieving.
*** Probability
The wheat stalks breathe you in, Braid your letters for the evenings. And stir your songs the day they met Upon his face, the silence… the flock of stillness. Depart to where we began our journey, Indeed, the streams hold but fragments. To a time squandered, Forgive my death when I choose you, To the mercy of the devout, in protest, To the dwelling of the wound, The distance of desolation. And your endurance was to borrow From the star, the day of collapse’s rituals. Within you, the debasement of poems eludes, Towards the sunrise. And you quiet above some plains The languages of apprehension, In your sailing times. You soothe the blaze of solitude… cities, And pour into the eye the tears of reunion, Branches from the beginning we were, For the land of severance. We carry to it the beseeching letters, To write in love, The beloved’s spinning song. And you still swear by the earthquake, So as to prepare a new homeland, Which the questions lost in their lament, And the impossible bolted its gates With bursts of time that began to depart. You never left the harvests of remembrance, That we were quenching. With your silence, visions will not overflow The boundaries of emptiness. And we… Are in vain.
***
The child residing deep inside me
The child residing deep inside me, When fear ignites, blazes with delight, Shattering every frame, Out into the street, he openly proclaims His right to taste a morsel of truth. With utter innocence, he’d plead with the sun’s rays, As they arrived to confiscate tomorrow’s darkness. He never knew that the morrow, Lying slain on the heart’s threshold, Was already sacrificed. The child residing deep inside me, Quietly gathers fragments from the shadow Of the girl fallen from the window of desire. He passes from beneath the navel, To the furthest lip at the edge of the house, Retreating to the corner, at the furthest bank, And in the dark rooms, he rattles Matchboxes. The child residing deep inside me, Has but one hand, With it, he gathers the world before him, Drawing it in clusters. And within his notebook of dreams, He scribbles, then redraws. The child residing deep inside me, Is inherently stubborn. He demolishes every dream in an instant, The moment he awakens To a new dawn.
Abdel Latif Mubarak, also known by his Arabic name عبد اللطيف مبارك, is an Egyptian poet and lyricist born in 1964 in Suez . He is widely recognized as one of the most important poets of the 1980s. His poems have been published in numerous literary journals in Egypt and the Arab world, including Arab Magazine, Kuwait Magazine, News Literature, Republic Newspaper, AI-Ahram, and The New Publishing Culture . [ 1 ]
Abdel Latif Mubarak’s fame rests on his distinctive poetic style, which skillfully combines the beauty of words with profound reflection on aspects of life and humanity. His verses are imbued with sensitivity, emotion, and a profound understanding of the human condition.
Over the years, Mubarak has received numerous awards and accolades for his work. In 2014, he was honored with the Arab Media Union’s Shield of Excellence and Creativity, recognizing his significant impact on poetry and literature. In 2021, he also won the prestigious East Academy Shield of Excellence and Creativity, a testament to his continued perseverance and dedication to his craft.
A lost morning draws coins in the hamlet of justice
Dreams burn fruitlessly on the bright mountains
The sun goes down in tired steps. In a whimsical deception
I draw words at the mirror of time, in the nest of creation.
A black odour in the sky of time, the shirt of state
Echoed with peaceful revolt, the fragrant pen
Comes running, I’m speaking the truth, my lord,
The accused is present here, take him away to the jail.
Birds fly as far as the illusory house of art
Flowers bloom in the garden at the yard all day long
Days after, at the end of the month, the accused appears
The tree-shade, the window of light burst in laughter.
The spring is over after crossing the six seasons
There is no sin, the notebook is blank, and the accused is acquitted.
Translated by Jyotirmoy Nandy
Niloy Rafiq was born in 6 August 1983 Maheshkhali, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Niloy Rafiq has been writing in the literary pages of local daily newspapers since his school days. Later, his poems were published in national and international literary magazines including various famous little magazines. So far, his notable poems have been translated into more than twenty foreign languages. His English poetry book ‘Sun Leaf” has already been published under ‘Stockholm Project 2033 Global Leader’ by Amazon. His second English translated poetry book ‘An Incomplete Kiss” has published in 2024 from Amazon. The number of his poetry books written in Bengali languages are six, respectively 1. I, the swan, float in pure sadness, 2. Thirst’s eternity, 3. Salty man’s face, 4. Unknown fire, 5. Adinath in eyes, 6. Wax prayer bowed in a clay body. His poetry has a magical, edgy feeling. Poet Niloy Rafiq is like a magician in the extraordinary weaving of words and rhythms.
Said the storied teacher, ‘In this parable see your loathes’
Spelling the situation of a householder’s tower
And the husbandmen planning their plot for power
The vineyard owner inquired twice to know
What the husbandmen mocked with a fatal blow
Sending his son, trusting they’d have new eyes
The husbandmen again killed with more despise
The teacher then turned, asking what of the husbandmen’s fate
Realizing themselves the husbandmen, the teacher’s enemies took hate
And the chief priests admitted their plot against the teacher
Who knew and taught against their murderous feature
Brent Yergensen, Ph.D., is a Professor of Communication at The University of Texas at Tyler. His poetry has appeared in Academy of Heart and Mind and Bewildering Stories. As a scholar his research on aesthetics has appeared in numerous academic journals and anthologies.
Jennie Park is a high school student at an international school in Seoul, South Korea. She is inspired by the layered textures of city life and the quiet details of everyday moments. When she’s not painting or sketching, she enjoys reading, writing, and discovering new artists.
