with us, & the love was us. The same love we were laid upon. We wouldn’t have laid the foundation in the absence of love. And if we do, we will pick our remains,
scattered all over the earth the day the wind blows. The night a tinge of her love got into me, I had no holes in me, & so, I did not leak like a basket. Instead, I held it close & let it seep into every edge of my soul, for a quiet enrichment of the parts that long for her. I am aware that she has settled in me the same way salt settles in soup. I admit love is a flame because my heart is burning, & I am aware that together we made the firewood. I admit love is as essential as air, because it keeps me whole. Today, as this love burns, let the fire increase day by day, let not our nakedness quench its furnace.
Opeyemi Oluwayomi is a violinist, a graphics designer, a member of Hilltop Creative Art Foundation, a final year English & Literary student of University of Ibadan. His works have appeared or are forthcoming on Eye to the Telescope, Heart of Flesh Literary Journal, Ink Sweat & Tears, Spillwords, Brittle Paper, Shallow Tales Review, Ekstasis Magazine, Eboquil Magazine, SpringNG, and elsewhere. He was the second-runner-up winner of the Shuzia Poetry Competition, 2023 (Journey of the Soul), shortlisted for IS&T’s Pick of the Month, 2025. He holds NCE in English & Music, from Federal College of Education, Abeokuta. Social media handles: Joseph O. Oluwayomi
An Analysis of Aleksandr Faynberg’s Poem “Motherland”
Abstract:
This article is devoted to the analysis of Aleksandr Faynberg’s poems dedicated to Uzbekistan, particularly the poem “Motherland.” The study reveals the poet’s loyalty and deep love for Uzbek culture and nature. The simplicity of people’s lives and the depiction of national values occupy a central place in the poems. Faynberg’s creative approach based on realism, as well as the role of his translations in creating a cultural bridge between Uzbek and Russian literature, are thoroughly analyzed.
Key words: Aleksandr Faynberg, Uzbekistan, image of the Motherland, nature, poem, analysis, culture, national values.
Aleksandr Arkadyevich Faynberg was born on November 2, 1939, in the city of Tashkent. His parents moved to Tashkent from Novosibirsk two years before his birth. His father, Arkadiy Lvovich Faynberg (1891–1971), originally from Gatchina, graduated from the Institute of Technology and worked as a chief engineer at a спирт factory. His mother, Anastasia Aleksandrovna (born in 1904), was born in Moscow and worked as a machinist at the same factory.
After finishing a seven-year school, Arkadiy entered the Tashkent Topography Technical School. After graduating, he served in the military in Tajikistan. In 1965, he graduated from Tashkent State University, studying by correspondence at the Faculty of Journalism within the Faculty of Philology, and worked for a student newspaper.
Faynberg’s poems about the Motherland were compared with similar works by other Uzbek poets. The poet’s contribution to Uzbek culture and the literary environment, as well as his poetic approach and imagery, were analyzed comparatively. This analysis helps to identify the uniqueness of his creative work and his place in the literary process of Uzbekistan.
In the poem “Motherland,” the image of the land is depicted with great intensity. Faynberg portrays his homeland vividly through images of a sunny land, rectangular fields, mountain ranges, roads, and poplar trees standing like domes. These descriptions reflect the geographical and aesthetic features of Uzbekistan:
From sunny rectangular fields
To mountain ranges stretching afar,
Roads spinning like a whirlwind,
Dome-like poplars standing in rows.
In the opening lines, the diversity of Uzbekistan’s climate and relief is emphasized. The fields symbolize cultivated lands, while the mountain ranges represent the country’s mountainous regions.
The poem contains real-life experience. The author poetically reflects his youth spent measuring land:
I walked the fields step by step,
Carrying a theodolite, measuring the plots.
These lines recall Faynberg’s engagement with engineering and topography.
The poet also depicts the simplicity of Uzbek life, highlighting the openness and hospitality of the people:
I drank chalob in clay-plastered houses,
Courtyards without doors, always open.
At the end of the poem, feelings of national pride and a strong bond with the Motherland are powerfully expressed:
A kind land. Here lies my lineage —
My soil and fate are in Uzbekistan.
The line “Oh, Europe! I do not even know you” reflects the poet’s cultural identification. He rejects the West because his true homeland is Uzbekistan.
The poem “Motherland” is one of the most expressive examples of Faynberg’s creativity, embodying his national identity, devotion to his homeland, and life experience. His poetry is realistic, profound, and imbued with national spirit.
Another poem vividly portrays everyday life:
It brings peace to the soul
When you gaze at nature’s face.
Stone huts, clay-plastered roofs
Run down toward the riverbanks.
The opening lines depict the calm and beauty of the homeland’s nature, evoking a sense of peace and comfort. Details such as stone huts and clay roofs reflect the simplicity and naturalness of rural life.
The image of the teahouse keeper appears as a symbolic figure who satisfies people’s daily needs and provides spiritual comfort. The teahouse is portrayed not merely as a place to drink tea, but as a center of cultural communication.
The same shelves, the same plates,
A generous table on the low dining stand.
These lines present traditional aspects of Uzbek life: cooking by the bride, shelves, dishes, and the tablecloth. They reflect the continuity and antiquity of folk traditions.
In the conclusion, the poet nostalgically recalls the past:
I remember it all —
Snowy mountains. This beautiful life.
From a linguistic perspective, expressive imagery directs the reader’s attention to the peaceful rhythm of village life. The phrase “It brings peace to the soul” conveys the spiritual influence of nature, while “the blue light shining in a teacup” symbolizes the reflection of the sky in tea.
Faynberg’s works offer a realistic, sincere, and profound artistic expression of Uzbekistan’s life and culture. These poems not only glorify national values but also serve as a vivid example of cultural dialogue and interethnic cooperation.
Conclusion
Aleksandr Faynberg’s poem “Motherland” expresses his deep love for Uzbekistan, national values, and the beauty of simple life. Through a realistic style and personal experience, the poet enriches his works both emotionally and thematically.
This study confirms Faynberg’s contribution to Uzbek culture and highlights his role as a cultural bridge between Uzbek and Russian literature. The artistic and linguistic richness of his poems creates a poetic image of Uzbek life.
In the future, further linguistic and cultural research into Faynberg’s other works and translations may deepen understanding of his international influence and strengthen intercultural literary relations.
References:
Keldiyorova, S. J. “Aleksandr Faynberg and Uzbekistan: The Image of the Motherland in the Poet’s Poems.”
Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan. (2021). Aleksandr Faynberg: An Ode to the Draft. Tashkent: Literature.
Dinara, O. (2024). A Look at the Creative Life of Aleksandr Arkadyevich Faynberg. Modern Education and Research, 1(2), 50–52.
Jumaniyazova, L. S. (2023). Linguistic Analysis of Aleksandr Faynberg’s Poems. SCHOLAR, 1(22), 20–23.
Sevara Joraqulova is a motivated and talented student specializing in native language and literature while actively developing her English language skills. She holds a B+ level certificate in her native language and a B2 level certificate in English.
She is deeply involved in extensive research in the field of literature, studying literary works, analyzing texts, and expanding her academic knowledge. Alongside her literary studies, she consistently works on improving her English communication and academic skills.
Currently, Sevara is focused on self-development, academic excellence, and strengthening both her native language and English proficiency to achieve high results and build a successful future career in education and linguistics.
Every morning, on my way to university, I see our flag blowing in the wind along the road. Our symbol dances in the winds as if it is alive and breathing with life itself, its colors clashing with the blue of the sky. Every moment of the flag gives my heart a warm feeling – pride, trust, strength. Because it reminds me of the most sacred word – Homeland.
One day, our teacher asked in class:
– Children, what does Homeland mean to you?
The whole class became quiet. Someone said, “My mother”, another said “Nature” someone else said “Freedom”. I thought for a moment. Because this question was not simple – the answer had to be genuine and come right from the heart. On my way home, I watched the city: new roads being built, children playing in parks, farmers working in the fields, people hurrying home from work. These scenes helped me understand one truth: Homeland is not only land or a place – it is a sacred home built by the hard work, dreams, and dedication of its people.
The Homeland is warm like a mother’s love, strong like mountains, and full of life like a river. It raises us, supports us, and gives wings to our dreams. As a child of this Homeland, I want to be worthy of it. I may be young, but my dreams are as big as my country.
I study, learn, and work on myself every day. I know that educated youth are the biggest treasure of a nation. As our President say, “An educated generation is the guarantee of a great future”. That is why I push myself everyday and aim for new opportunities. Maybe one day I will become a translator, or maybe a diplomat or scientist who proudly speaks the name of Uzbekistan one international stages. But one thing will never change – I will always carry the warmth of my Homeland in my heart.
Whenever I feel tired or face challenges, I tell myself: “Charos, remember, you are an Uzbek girl! “. These words give me strength, patience, and confidence. Because being from Uzbekistan is not just a word in a passport – it is a pride, loyalty, love and staying true your dreams.
For me, Homeland is my parents’ prayers, my teachers’ effort, people’s smiles, and children’s laughter. Every time I hear about new achievements of my nation, I feel proud. Because every success is the result of our shred hard work.
Today, the reform in our country and the opportunities created for youth are universities, research centers, sports complexes – all of these are chances for the younger generation. We, the youth, must live up to this privilege.
I want to love and honor my Homeland not only with words, but with my actions. I want to make my country proud with everything I do and every idea I have. Because real patriotism is not only shouting slogans on holidays – it is living with dedication every day.
Whenever I speak on a big stage, I feel the eyes full of pride, trust and love of my parents on me. The words, “Our daughter is our pride”, ring in my ears. This is my biggest reward and my greatest motivation.
My Homeland – my pride
It lives in every breath I take, every intention I make, and every dream I have. It inspires me, gives me strength, and guides me. I study, learn, and work hard to be a worthy child of my nation. Because a person who truly loves their Homeland never stops – they always move toward greatness.
Normuminova Charos Shamshoshodovna was born on August 4, 2007, in the Kashkadarya region. Along with her school studies, she finished the Children’s Music and Art school No. 15with a high diploma. She is a winner of more than 15 scholarships. She speaks four languages fluently. She has IELTS and CEFR certificates in English. She has been accepted to more than 15 international and state universities. She is a currently a bachelor’s student at Webster University in Tashkent on a full scholarship. Holder of more than 50 international awards. She was a guest on the “Fayzli kun” program on the Kashkadarya TV channel. Her articles have been published in the USA and Turkey.
O‘TKIR HOSHIMOV’S WORK “NOTES WRITTEN IN THE MARGINS OF A NOTEBOOK”
Abstract. This article discusses the work “Notes in the Margins of a Notebook” by O‘tkir Hoshimov and its significance. The work calls for avoiding what is forbidden, striving for honesty, being faithful and conscientious, and acting justly. The book consists of short stories and aphoristic reflections, each of which undoubtedly has a positive influence on human spirituality.
Key words:Notes in the Margins of a Notebook, chapters, aphorisms, anecdote, truth, book.
As Jalaluddin Rumi wrote: “A book is our present life. Everyone needs it, including children. The main issue lies in choosing the right books for them. We agree with the idea that reading improperly chosen books is worse and more harmful than reading nothing at all” [1].
A book is the lamp of intellect and the wing of thought. As we read books, our spirituality becomes richer, our worldview broadens, and our intellect sharpens. If we stop reading, we remain in darkness and lose the sense of direction. When our path is dark, we fall into depths and become unable to act independently without relying on others’ opinions. In short, we may turn into a “mankurt” who has forgotten his identity and past. A person who reads books, however, can overcome any obstacle in any situation, because books are full of mysteries and wisdom. As Amir Temur once said: “A book (a manuscript) is the foundation of all creativity, construction, intellect, knowledge, and wisdom; it is the educator who shapes life” [2].
Research objective is to provide a brief overview of the work “Notes in the Margins of a Notebook.” When we look at the creative heritage of the writer and public figure O‘tkir Hoshimov, we see that almost all his works call people to justice, enlightenment, and goodness, sowing the seeds of light in the heart. In nearly all his works, the greatest figure — the Mother — is honored and praised. He never writes about a topic whose essence he does not understand. He portrays his characters sincerely, as living and realistic people, revealing not their outward appearance but their inner world. He analyzes their spiritual state in harmony with the environment and the era through deep philosophical reflection, interpreting human suffering in all its aspects: emotional state, attitude to life and people, thoughts, inner experiences, and even love [3].
Discussion and results. Although O‘tkir Hoshimov dedicated this work to his wife O‘lmasxon, his sharp взгляд did not ignore the difficult days that befell our nation. Each short story in the book is like an inscription written on the pages of the notebook called life, full of bitter truths. Everyone writes such notes according to their worldview. Some live honestly and purely throughout their lives yet never see prosperity, but leave behind a good name. Others live selfishly and unjustly, yet are regarded by some as “great people.” The main idea of the work is that no one can escape the guardian called Truth. Wherever one may be, with whomever one may be, truth always remains truth.
Most importantly, the work presents situations that may seem amusing at first glance but are deeply tragic upon reflection. For example, in the anecdote “Incompetence,” which is presented with sharp humor:
A tale from the 1960s: In ancient times, a precious jewel disappeared from the treasury of a king. Merchants from other lands were arrested on suspicion, and guards with drawn swords were placed over them. By coincidence, four Uzbek merchants were also arrested, but no guards were assigned to them. When asked why, they replied: “They do not need guards — if one tries to escape, the other will catch him.”
A joke from the 1970s: A question was asked to Armenian Radio: “At an exhibition in Paris, three-star Armenian cognac won a gold medal. Why did the five-star one receive nothing?” The answer was: “We ourselves are surprised! Both were poured from the same barrel!”
The tragedy of the 1980s: The repression known as the “Uzbek affair” took place. Thousands of innocent people were imprisoned and exiled. Uzbeks were labeled as “falsifiers,” “bribe-takers,” and “dependents” — not because they were truly guilty, but because of their indifference, their inability to unite, and their incompetence.
The question of the new millennium: “When shall we unite? When?” [4]
While reading this humorous anecdote, you may smile, but painful thoughts inevitably arise. It reminds us of the tragic period when our land became a colony of Tsarist Russia. At that time, some weaknesses of the Uzbek people, which we may not admit, were revealed. This is not meant as a negative judgment of the Uzbek people, but it is clear that dependence on others resulted from incompetence and disunity. Yet, fortunately, bright days have come, although bitter memories remain. We must not repeat the mistakes of the past. These hardships served as valuable lessons and experience for us.
On the other hand, the Uzbek people also possess virtues that wash away such shortcomings. As evidence, we may cite the story “Andisha” (Consideration):
“Our ancestors used to warn: ‘Never build your hearth against your neighbor’s wall. If the smoke from your fire irritates your neighbor’s eyes, the food you eat will be unlawful.’ … What more proof is needed to demonstrate the Uzbek sense of consideration?” [5]
This shows how honest, pure, and God-fearing our ancestors were. The story emphasizes that no one should seek benefit from another’s harm. In short, this work has a great educational influence on readers, as it reveals the truths of life as they are, without exaggeration or embellishment. Each story and each aphoristic line deserves to become a separate book. While reading, one sometimes sinks into deep thought, sometimes sheds tears. This work is a collection of wisdom accumulated throughout the author’s life and lessons that will guide us throughout our own lives.
Ruziyeva Nigina San’at kizi is a 2nd year student of the primary education department of the Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute. To date, she has authored more than 15 articles. She is the owner of the “El-yurt a’lochosi” badge. She is a delegate of several official projects such as “Jutice code”, “Kelajak ofisi”, “Eco-kahramon”. She is a member of the “Yoshlar akademiyasi”, “Intellektual yoshlar”, “ShDPI Yosh Liderlari”, and “Yosh islohotchilar kengashi”. She also holds a national certificate of B and B+ levels.
From a thousand flowers I would lay a carpet at your feet,
Your sweet fragrance is my heaven on earth.
You are my muse in the quiet of the night,
My angel who comes to my rescue when I fall.
When pain weighs on me, you are my healing cure,
My most beautiful flower from the gardens of Paradise.
You are my radiant sun that lights my day,
My moon that shines through winter nights.
If you are by my side at every moment, every breath,
My entire life will pass in beauty and light.
To express the love I hold for you –
If it were possible even once,
I would offer my very existence for you.
My soul, my dear mother, is devoted to you alone.
Dildorakhon Turg’unoboyeva is a student of Preschool Education at the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Kokand State University. She is an active participant and coordinator of numerous educational and social projects. She is the holder of nearly 100 international certificates and diplomas. She is a winner of international scientific and practical competitions and the recipient of the “Friendship Ambassador” and “Dedicated Scholar of Knowledge” honorary badges. She is an advanced-level English student. Her creative works indexed on Google and have been published in the “Ezgulik” newspaper. She holds the Embassy Certificate of Science and Literature of Argentina as well as The International Children’s Protection Ambassador Certificate.
Enhancing Women’s Employment and Entrepreneurship – A Factor of Socio-Economic Development
Today, women’s active participation plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainable development of society, the growth of the economy, and the well-being of families. Women’s active involvement in the labor market not only increases their personal income but also expands the country’s economic potential and contributes to job creation. Therefore, it remains one of the most important social issues.
The Importance of Increasing Women’s Employment
Women’s employment is closely linked to their social activity, economic independence, and growing status in society. An employed woman:
Contributes to the economic stability of her family; Creates opportunities for raising healthy and educated children; Participates actively in social life; Realizes her talents and abilities.
Furthermore, the effective utilization of women’s labor leads to an increase in the number of skilled professionals in the labor market. Women’s potential is especially high in fields such as education, healthcare, services, handicrafts, and innovation.
Entrepreneurship – Expanding Opportunities for Women In recent years, special attention has been paid to the development of women’s entrepreneurship.
Starting their own businesses allows women to: Achieve financial independence; Work in areas of personal interest; Create additional employment opportunities; Strengthen their social engagement.
Small business and family entrepreneurship, in particular, serve as favorable directions for women living in rural areas. Traditional and profitable activities such as tailoring, cooking, livestock breeding, carpet weaving, gold embroidery, and needlework remain key sources of income for women.
State Support for Women’s Development To support women’s empowerment, the following measures are being implemented:
Organization of vocational and professional training courses; Provision of preferential loans, subsidies, and grants; Implementation of projects enabling remote work; Establishment of business advisory centers; Introduction of special programs for socially vulnerable women.
These initiatives are creating a solid foundation for women’s active participation in the economic sphere.
Challenges and Solutions However, in certain regions, several challenges persist in increasing women’s employment:
Insufficient qualifications and education; Limited access to financial resources; Social stereotypes and psychological barriers; Time constraints due to family responsibilities. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to: Provide women with training in modern professions; Develop their entrepreneurial skills; Expand remote work opportunities; Strengthen mentorship and advisory systems; Promote gender equality within families.
Conclusion Women’s employment and entrepreneurship are vital indicators of social progress.
By supporting women economically: Family welfare is strengthened; Poverty rates decline; New jobs are created; The national economy develops sustainably.
Abdiyeva Mahbuba Rahmiddinovna was born on September 22, 1989, in Nishon district, Kashkadarya region. She studied at secondary schools No. 31 and No. 11 in her district, and later graduated from the Faculty of Natural Sciences at Qarshi State University, majoring in Geography (2013–2017). She is married. From 2019 to 2022, she worked as an educator at Preschool No. 23 and as a teacher at Secondary School No. 11 in Nishon district.
Since 2022, she has been serving as the Women’s Activist of the Paxtaobod and Jalajin neighborhoods of Nishon district, Kashkadarya region. She is currently learning English and Turkish. Her articles titled “Developing Beekeeping in Uzbekistan” and “Uzbek National Handicrafts” have been published. She actively participates in ecological projects and is a member of the Association of Artisans. Her future goals include pursuing a master’s degree at a foreign university, working in the field of management, establishing a handicraft center and assisting in the legalization of women entrepreneurs’ activities.
Zarina Yorboboyeva Talented Student | English Language Learner | International Certificate Holder Date birth: December 5 Place of birth: Uzbekistan Education: Student at Karshi State Technical University Fields of activity: Advanced English learning, academic development, international projects, personal growth
Early Achievements and Educational Path Zarina Yorboboyeva is a talented student who has achieved significant academic success at a young age. She has successfully obtained a B2 level in English and holds several international certificates.
Zarina graduated from secondary school with excellent grades (only A’s) and was awarded a medal by the regional governor in recognition of her outstanding academic performance. Currently, Zarina continues to work consistently on self-development, improves her English communication skills, and aims to build a future career on an international level.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ENTERPRISES
Student of Technical University
Yorboboyeva Zarina Abstract.
This article analyzes the essence of the strategic management system in enterprises, its role and importance in modern economic conditions. It also highlights the main directions for improving strategic management systems, including innovative approaches, digital technologies, human resource development, and increasing the effectiveness of strategic planning. The research results substantiate the importance of strategic management in ensuring sustainable development of enterprises.
Introduction In market economy conditions, enterprise activities are becoming increasingly complex, and the competitive environment is intensifying. Under such circumstances, achieving long-term success, sustainable development, and competitiveness directly depends on the effective organization of the strategic management system. Strategic management serves to determine the future development directions of an enterprise, analyze the external and internal environment, and ensure the rational use of resources.
Today, globalization, digitalization, and the acceleration of innovation processes require enterprises to continuously improve their management systems. Therefore, developing strategic management systems in accordance with modern requirements is considered one of the most pressing issues.
The Essence and Importance of the Strategic Management System
Strategic management is the process of defining an enterprise’s long-term goals, developing strategies to achieve them and implementing these strategies. It includes not only planning but also adapting to changes in the external environment, creating competitive advantages, and efficiently managing resources. The main elements of the strategic management system include: defining the enterprise mission and objectives; analysis of the external and internal environment (SWOT and PEST analyses); strategy development; strategy implementation; monitoring and evaluation.
Proper implementation of this system ensures stability in enterprise activities and enables the achievement of high economic results in the long term.
Existing Problems in Strategic Management Systems in Enterprises Practice shows that in many enterprises, strategic management systems do not function effectively enough. This may be caused by the following factors: strategic planning becoming formal in nature; insufficiently deep analysis of the external environment; gaps between strategy and operational activities; lack of strategic thinking skills among managers and employees; slow implementation of innovations.
These problems reduce enterprise competitiveness and limit adaptability to market conditions. Improving the Strategic Management System
One of the most important ways to develop the strategic management system is to improve the strategic planning process. This includes:
ensuring alignment between long-term and short-term goals;
conducting analyses based on real market data;
developing alternative strategies. In addition, involving all departments in the strategic planning process is advisable in order to form a collective approach. 3.2. Implementation of Innovation and Digital Technologies In modern conditions, digital technologies are becoming an integral part of the strategic management system. The use of information technologies:
accelerates the decision-making process;
increases the accuracy and transparency of data;
expands strategic forecasting capabilities. For example, business analytics systems, artificial intelligence, and big data play an important role in substantiating strategic decisions.
3.3. Strategic Management of Human Resources The effectiveness of the strategic management system largely depends on human resources. Developing employees’ qualifications, motivation, and strategic thinking skills is achieved through the following measures:
continuous professional development and training;
implementing incentive systems based on strategic goals;
developing leadership skills. Investments aimed at human capital contribute to the long-term development of the enterprise.
3.4. Strengthening the Strategic Control and Evaluation System It is important not only to develop a strategy but also to continuously monitor its implementation. This includes:
introducing a system of key performance indicators (KPIs);
regular analysis of results;
making changes to the strategy when necessary.
A flexible strategic control system enables enterprises to respond quickly to changes in market conditions.
The Role of Strategic Management in Increasing Competitiveness Through the strategic management system, enterprises:
form competitive advantages;
correctly select market segments;
gain a deeper understanding of customer needs. As a result, enterprises achieve a strong position in the market through the quality of their products and services, innovation, and pricing policy.
Conclusion In conclusion, improving the strategic management system in enterprises is of great importance in a market economy. By deepening strategic planning, implementing digital technologies, developing human resources, and strengthening the strategic control system, enterprises can increase the efficiency of their operations. This, in turn, contributes to long-term sustainable development and competitiveness.
References
Ansoff I. Strategic Management. — New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
Porter M. Competitive Strategy. — Free Press, 2008.
Thompson A., Strickland A. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. —McGraw-Hill, 2015.
Kotler P. Marketing Management. — Pearson Education, 2019.
Materials of the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan
