Mamarajabova Shahnoza

Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy,

2nd-year student, Faculty of Accounting

Digital Transformation in Production Accounting

Annotation.

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of conducting production accounting using digital technologies such as ERP systems, electronic invoices, cloud services, blockchain, and artificial intelligence. The thesis explores the double-entry principle, financial and management accounting, and the impact of digital transformation on enterprise efficiency. Furthermore, the advantages and emerging requirements of implementing digital accounting in Uzbekistan are examined through the examples of “1C”, electronic invoicing, the State Tax Committee’s digital systems, and UzAuto Motors.

Keywords: digital technologies, accounting, production process, double-entry, blockchain, artificial intelligence.

Introduction

Accounting based on digital technologies refers to the process of collecting, processing, and analyzing information about a company’s financial condition, expenses, revenues, and cash flows using automated information systems. With digital accounting systems, financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and statement of changes in equity are generated automatically in real time. This enables rapid analysis of assets, liabilities, and financial stability.

Implementing digital technologies ensures transparency and accuracy based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). As a result, analyzing production costs, determining product cost, and making managerial decisions become more efficient. Modern accounting systems (such as 1C, SAP, Oracle, and ERP) integrate financial and managerial accounting, allowing manufacturing enterprises not only to record costs but also to perform planning, budgeting, and control functions effectively.

Production (cost) accounting involves collecting information on expenses incurred during enterprise operations, allocating selected costs to products, services, and other cost objects, and evaluating the efficiency of cost utilization. In addition to cost calculation methods, the following cost accounting techniques are applied by management to control expenses and make key business decisions. These techniques are not independent methods of cost calculation but can be effectively combined with any of the traditional methods.

Table 1. Cost Accounting Methods and Techniques

Marginal (variable) costing:

This method allocates only variable costs (e.g., materials, labor, direct costs) incurred in the production process, excluding fixed costs such as rent and depreciation, as they may distort results. It is useful in industries with fluctuating production volumes.

Direct costing:

This method assigns all directly related costs to a product or process, while indirect costs are covered through profits. Unlike marginal costing, some fixed costs may also be treated as direct costs under specific conditions.

Full (absorption) costing:

This approach includes all variable and fixed costs in the production process. In other words, the total product or service cost covers all expenses—wages, raw materials, rent, and others.

Uniform costing:

This method applies standardized cost calculation rules across several enterprises or organizations. Standardization includes criteria such as cost types, depreciation, taxation, and cost allocation. It facilitates comparison between enterprises, pricing policy formulation, and fair evaluation.

Main Part

In the digital economy, accounting is recognized not only as a component of financial management but also as an important factor in economic development. Modern digital accounting systems strengthen financial stability and provide reliable information necessary for strategic decision-making.

Digital technologies play a crucial role in improving accounting processes and enhancing production efficiency. Practice shows that digitalization helps regulate economic processes, strengthen control, and ensure the accuracy of financial information.

In Uzbekistan, the introduction of electronic invoicing for small and medium-sized enterprises has significantly simplified production accounting. For example, small shops and service providers can now prepare reports quickly, accurately, and without errors using automated programs such as 1C. These systems reduce human errors and save time and resources.

Large manufacturing corporations, including UzAuto Motors, have digitized their accounting systems based on IFRS standards, aligning production costs and financial results with global requirements. As a result, the company established reliable partnerships with foreign investors and strengthened its position in international financial markets.

At the state level, the implementation of digital accounting systems contributes to better economic governance. In particular, the State Tax Committee’s digital information systems allow real-time monitoring of enterprises’ financial activities, control of budget revenues, and reduction of illegal operations.

Modern ERP systems (SAP, 1C, Oracle) are widely used as leading tools for automating production accounting. These systems integrate enterprise income, expenses, and budget status on a single platform, simplifying financial analysis and control. The widespread use of 1C software in Uzbekistan has made accounting processes more transparent and efficient in manufacturing enterprises.

Moreover, blockchain technology plays a significant role in enhancing security in accounting. International production transactions and payments processed via blockchain are faster and less vulnerable to fraud. Artificial intelligence (AI) serves as a powerful tool for analyzing financial reports, optimizing costs, and improving production efficiency.

In general, the application of digital technologies to production accounting ensures speed, accuracy, and security, taking financial management to a new level.

Conclusion

The introduction of digital technologies in production accounting improves quality, reliability, and timeliness of management information, thus increasing enterprise efficiency. Simultaneously, digitalization introduces new professional requirements, such as IT competence and continuous skill development.

Digital technologies have established the necessary infrastructure and principles for conducting accounting in the production process. The integration of the double-entry principle, ERP systems, blockchain, and artificial intelligence helps enterprises maintain financial stability, transparency, and global competitiveness.

Accounting has now evolved from a reporting function to a strategic management tool. Overall, digital technologies make production accounting more convenient, accurate, transparent, and efficient. This field, however, demands continuous innovation and technological advancement.

Consequently, it promotes international recognition of enterprises, builds investor confidence, and fosters cooperation with foreign partners. Accounting conducted in compliance with IFRS accurately reflects a company’s financial condition and strengthens its competitiveness in the global market.

Practical Recommendations:

1. Implement digital accounting systems in manufacturing enterprises step by step — starting with the integration of core processes (supply, production, sales).

2. Introduce continuous training programs to enhance accountants’ digital competencies.

3. Develop and support local software (e.g., 1C modules) adapted to national standards and IFRS requirements.

4. Gradually test and apply blockchain and AI technologies in pilot projects to enhance security and analytical capabilities.

5. Encourage the creation and implementation of affordable, customized digital accounting systems for small and medium-sized enterprises through public-private partnerships.

References:

Smith, J. (2020). Digital Accounting in the Digital Economy. Journal of Accounting Research.

Coman, Elena Liliana. Digitalization of Accounting within the Concept of Cost Management. Valahia University of Targoviste.

Nazarov, Sh. (2021). The Impact of Innovative Technologies on Financial Management. Tashkent: University of Economics Press.

Karimov, M. (2020). Principles of Modern Accounting. Tashkent: Economics Publishing.

Abdukarimov, A. (2022). Development of Financial Control and Accounting Systems. Tashkent: Science and Technology.

Norton, D. (2021). Digital Accounting Systems and Transparency. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Mud Battle and Its Consequences

Student of Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy

Xudoyberdiyeva Mohiniso

Abstract

This article provides information about the Mud Battle (Loy Jangi). It primarily discusses the sides involved in the battle, the sequence of events, and the circumstances that led to the defeat of Amir Temur and Amir Husayn. According to historical sources, Ilyos Khoja, realizing that he could not win in a fair fight, used a yada stone with the assistance of shamans to summon a powerful rainstorm that transformed the battlefield into a swamp.

As a result, the forces of Temur and Husayn became trapped in deep mud; their weapons, clothing, and horses grew heavy with moisture, greatly limiting mobility. Although the Mongol victory resulted from this stratagem, Temur’s strategic miscalculations—particularly his inability to coordinate with Husayn—also contributed to the defeat. Historically, this battle is regarded as the only defeat of Amir Temur, occurring during the early stage of his military career. He later overcame this setback by defeating Ilyos Khoja and strengthening his power. The Mud Battle serves as an important example demonstrating the influence of natural conditions and military tactics in the warfare of Central Asia.

Keywords: Movarounnahr, Jete, Amir Husayn, Chinoz, Ilyos Khoja, Tashkent, right wing

Introduction

In the mid-14th century, Movarounnahr lacked a unified central authority and the region had fragmented into small feudal domains. The renowned historian of the Timurid era, Khofizi Abru, vividly describes this situation in his Zubdat at-Tavorikh: various amirs controlled different territories, and constant internal conflicts created instability across the region.

Taking advantage of this turmoil, the Khan of Moghulistan, Tug‘luq Temur, invaded Movarounnahr in 1360 and swiftly conquered it. The governor of Kesh fled to Khorasan, while Amir Temur, seeking to protect his homeland from plunder, pledged allegiance to Tug‘luq Temur. The khan accepted him favorably and appointed him governor of Kesh and its neighboring territories.

Over the following decade, Amir Temur gradually strengthened his political influence through personal bravery and diplomatic skill. He maintained peaceful relations with influential leaders such as Amir Husayn, the rulers of Moghulistan, and even the governor of Herat.

Main Part

The Mud Battle (Loy Jangi)

According to Nizamiddin Shami’s Zafarnama, the battle took place on 16 June 1365 (Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi dates it to 22 May 1365). The united armies of Amir Temur and Amir Husayn marched against Ilyos Khoja, the Khan of Jete. Although Temur and Husayn had numerical superiority, Ilyos Khoja resorted to an extraordinary stratagem.

Beginning of the Battle

Temur and Husayn deployed their forces along the Chirchiq River between Tashkent and Chinoz. Their army was arranged with strong commanders leading each flank and center. Ilyos Khoja approached from the direction of Konibodom with a large force.

Realizing he would not prevail in open combat, Ilyos Khoja turned to the yadachi—shamans skilled in weather manipulation. With the yada stone, believed in ancient Mongol and Turkic tradition to summon rain or storms, they called forth a torrential downpour. This caused the battlefield to turn rapidly into deep mud.

Shami writes:

“The field became so muddy that neither horsemen nor infantry could move. Their clothes and weapons became soaked and unbearably heavy.”

Outcome of the Battle

The unified army of Temur and Husayn became separated due to the mud. Confusion spread; many soldiers lost mobility, and horses sank into the mire. Ilyos Khoja’s troops, protected from the rain with felt coverings, reorganized themselves and launched a powerful counterattack.

More than 10,000 soldiers were lost, forcing Temur and Husayn to retreat toward Kesh (Shahrisabz). Although Temur displayed great bravery and even managed to break several enemy lines, the conditions of nature and the lack of coordination with Husayn resulted in defeat.

Historical Significance

Shami characterizes the battle as a “difficult trial” for Temur. Yazdi similarly emphasizes that the event served as an early lesson that shaped Temur’s later military brilliance. The battle also marked one of the first serious rifts between Temur and Husayn, contributing to their eventual political separation.

After this victory, Ilyos Khoja captured Khujand and Jizzakh and advanced toward Samarkand. Although there was no large army in the city, the people defended Samarkand fiercely. This uprising later became known as the Sarbador Movement, a prominent event in Central Asian resistance history.

Conclusion

The Mud Battle highlights both the influence of natural forces (rain and mud) and strategic decisions (Temur’s conflict with his ally Husayn) on the outcome of medieval wars. Despite this defeat, Temur learned from the experience, eventually overcoming Ilyos Khoja and establishing a strong empire. Historical sources such as Nizamiddin Shami’s and Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi’s Zafarnama provide important insights into this event. The battle of 1365, fought near Tashkent, remains significant not only for its military aspects but also for its political and social implications, influencing regional power dynamics and governance.

References

Omonullo Bo‘riev. Temuriylar davri yozma manbalarida Markaziy Osiyo. Tashkent, 1997.

Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi. Zafarnama. Tashkent, 1994.

Nizamiddin Shami. Zafarnama. Tashkent, 1996.

Dadaboyev H. Amir Temurning harbiy mahorati. Tashkent, 1996.

History of Moghulistan — Academic publications of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

“Jangi Loy” — Encyclopedic sources and historical accounts.

Xudoyberdiyeva Mohiniso was born on May 22, 2006, in Denov district, Surxondaryo region. She is currently a second-year student at the Faculty of History, Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy.

PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF MEDICAL WORKERS AND THE ART OF COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS

Annotation

This article provides a scientific analysis of the professional culture of medical workers, the art of communicating with patients, and the requirements of medical ethics and deontology. It also focuses on the importance of proper patient interaction in medical institutions, mechanisms for developing communication skills, empathy culture, trust factors in the doctor–patient relationship, and their interpretation based on international standards. Research results show that a high level of professional culture significantly improves a patient’s psychological state and increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Keywords: professional culture, medical ethics, deontology, patient communication, empathy, trust, communication skills.

Introduction

The development of modern medicine requires medical specialists not only to possess strong professional knowledge and skills but also to demonstrate high levels of culture, behavior, speech literacy, and communication skills when interacting with patients. A patient’s trust in the doctor is one of the most important psychological factors that influences the treatment process. It is difficult to achieve positive results in an environment where the professional culture of medical staff is insufficient.

Today, humanism, professional responsibility, and communication culture occupy an important place in the healthcare system. It is essential that communication between the doctor and the patient be sincere, respectful, and neutral. Therefore, the professional culture of a medical worker is not only a set of ethical norms but also an important indicator of the quality of medical services.

Main Part

1. The concept and essence of professional culture

Professional culture refers to the medical worker’s professional responsibility, adherence to ethical norms, appearance, speech culture, psychological stability, humane attitude toward patients, and communication skills.

The main components of professional culture include:

professional knowledge and competencies;

medical ethics and deontology norms;

social and psychological culture;

communication culture;

personal appearance and hygiene;

respect for the patient’s individuality.

When a doctor demonstrates a high level of professional culture, the patient develops trust, which ultimately increases the effectiveness of treatment.

2. Principles of medical ethics and deontology

Medical ethics is a set of norms that govern the behavior, professional conduct, and communication of medical workers with patients.

Deontology, on the other hand, refers to a doctor’s duties, responsibilities, and the ethical system that governs respect for the patient’s life and health.

Core principles include:

prioritizing the patient’s life and health;

maintaining confidentiality;

honesty and responsibility;

non-discrimination and respectful communication;

providing psychological support;

being impartial throughout the treatment process.

Compliance with these principles ensures that the medical service aligns with international standards.

3. The art of patient communication and communication culture

The art of patient communication refers to the doctor’s ability to interact with patients politely, sincerely, clearly, and in a psychologically comfortable manner.

It includes the following components:

3.1. Beginning the interaction

greeting the patient and introducing oneself;

asking about the patient’s condition and initiating the conversation politely;

understanding the patient’s fears, anxiety, and pain.

3.2. Demonstrating empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand the patient’s emotional state, listen attentively, and respect their feelings.

Doctors with high empathy levels build stronger patient trust.

3.3. Using clear and understandable language

Excessive use of medical terminology can confuse patients.

Therefore, a doctor must:

explain information in simple, clear language;

present issues concisely;

provide written recommendations when necessary.

3.4. The culture of listening

Active listening means focusing on the patient without interrupting, carefully understanding their concerns.

This helps quickly identify health issues.

3.5. Culture of physical interaction

During medical examinations:

informing the patient about each step;

respecting the patient’s personal boundaries;

strictly following hygiene rules — are essential elements of medical professionalism.

4. Psychological impact of communication on treatmen effectiveness

Research shows that warm, respectful communication between doctor and patient:

reduces anxiety;

decreases perceived pain;

increases medication effectiveness;

accelerates rehabilitation.

Thus, effective communication serves as a psychological tool that complements medical treatment.

5. International experience and modern approaches

In advanced healthcare systems, the communication culture of medical workers is given special attention. For example:

In the United States, the “Patient-centered care” model is widely used;

In European countries, “Medical Communication Competence” courses are mandatory;

In Japan, empathy and politeness form an integral part of medical protocol.

These practices significantly improve the quality of healthcare services.

Conclusion

The professional culture of medical workers is one of the key factors in effective patient communication. A doctor’s ethics, speech culture, appearance, empathy, and adherence to medical ethical standards play an essential role in the success of the treatment process. In an environment where the art of communication with patients is well-developed, trust increases, psychological wellbeing improves, and rehabilitation becomes faster.

Therefore, enhancing the professional culture of medical workers, continuously improving communication skills, and aligning patient communication practices with international standards remain crucial tasks.

References

1. Karimova M. Fundamentals of Medical Ethics and Deontology. Tashkent, 2021.

2. World Health Organization (WHO). Patient-centered Communication Guidelines, 2020–2023.

3. Smith J. Medical Communication Competence. New York: Elsevier, 2019.

4. Rasulov A., Nasriddinov U. Medical Culture and Doctor–Patient Relations. Tashkent Medical Publishing, 2022.

5. European Medical Association. Doctor–Patient Interaction Standards, 2022.

Avazbekova Rayyonaxon was born on March 12, 2008, in Andijan city, Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, into an intellectual family.

She is a first-year student of the Andijan Branch of Kokand University, Faculty of Medical Treatment, group 25-11.

Metaverse and Real Life: Is the Boundary Disappearing?

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna,

Student of English filology faculty, UZSWLU.

Email:zamiramoldiyeva219@gmail.com

Abstract: The Metaverse is emerging as a significant aspect of modern digital life, blending virtual experiences with real-world interactions. This study investigates whether the boundary between virtual and real life is disappearing due to the rapid adoption of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and digital avatars. By reviewing recent literature, case studies, and observational data, this paper explores both the benefits and risks associated with prolonged engagement in the Metaverse. Results indicate that while the Metaverse enhances communication, creativity, and accessibility, it may also lead to reduced real-life social interactions, psychological stress, and dependency on virtual environments. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balance between virtual engagement and real-life activities and suggests strategies for promoting healthy digital habits.

Key words: Metaverse, virtual reality(VR), augmented reality(AR), digital avatars, virtual life, real-life interaction, social skills, digital addiction, mental health.

Introduction

The concept of the Metaverse represents a digital universe where users interact through avatars and immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Unlike traditional social media, the Metaverse provides a three-dimensional environment where users can socialize, work, study, play, and create in real-time. The origins of this concept trace back to early internet communities, online gaming platforms, and virtual worlds like Second Life, which laid the foundation for modern immersive experiences.

The recent surge in Metaverse development has been accelerated by major technology companies, including Meta (formerly Facebook) and Microsoft, who have invested billions into creating expansive virtual ecosystems. The COVID-19 pandemic further amplified the relevance of virtual interaction, as remote work, online education, and digital socializing became essential.

Despite these advancements, questions remain regarding the psychological, social, and behavioral effects of spending extended periods in virtual environments. Scholars and psychologists debate whether virtual engagement complements or threatens real-life experiences. This paper aims to:

1. Explore the potential benefits of the Metaverse for social interaction, creativity, and education.

2. Examine the risks associated with over-reliance on virtual experiences, including social isolation and psychological challenges.

3. Discuss strategies for integrating virtual and real-life activities to ensure balanced digital engagement.

Methods

This study employs a qualitative approach, relying primarily on literature review and observational analysis. Academic journals, reports from technology companies, and research articles on digital behavior and psychology were examined to assess the current understanding of Metaverse effects.

Key steps included:

1. Reviewing case studies of Metaverse applications in education, work, and social environments.

2. Comparing patterns of real-life interactions versus virtual engagement.

3. Identifying reported social, psychological, and behavioral outcomes associated with prolonged Metaverse use.

Data analysis focused on synthesizing findings to determine common themes, including the advantages of digital immersion and the potential risks of social detachment. The study also considered recommendations from digital psychologists and technology experts regarding safe and balanced Metaverse use.

Results

Positive Impacts of the Metaverse

1. Enhanced Communication: Users can connect with friends, family, and colleagues across vast distances, allowing for more flexible social and professional interactions.

2. Virtual Education and Remote Work: VR classrooms, online conferences, and collaborative virtual offices provide innovative ways to learn and work without geographical limitations.

3. Creativity and Entrepreneurship: Digital platforms in the Metaverse offer spaces for creative expression, virtual product sales, and entrepreneurial ventures.

Case Studies:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, VR classrooms were used by thousands of students worldwide, enabling interactive and immersive learning experiences.

Virtual job meetings and conferences replaced many in-person events, reducing travel costs and environmental impact.

Social gaming communities, such as Roblox and Fortnite, became central hubs for youth socialization.

Negative Impacts of the Metaverse

1. Reduced Real-Life Social Interaction: Prolonged engagement in virtual environments can diminish face-to-face communication skills and real-world social connections.

2. Addiction Risk: Excessive virtual engagement may result in compulsive behavior, where individuals prioritize online experiences over real-world responsibilities.

3. Psychological Effects: Studies indicate that prolonged VR use can contribute to anxiety, stress, and depression.

4. Decline in Practical Skills: Over-reliance on virtual environments may reduce problem-solving abilities and practical life skills.

Example: Adolescents spending more than six hours daily in Metaverse platforms showed lower social empathy and reported increased loneliness compared to peers engaging primarily in real-life activities.

Discussion

The Metaverse provides a dual-edged impact: while offering unprecedented opportunities for connection, creativity, and education, it simultaneously presents social and psychological challenges.

Interpretation of Results

The integration of virtual and real-life experiences can enhance human capabilities but also risks creating dependency on digital spaces. Younger generations, in particular, may prioritize virtual interactions over real-world relationships, potentially affecting emotional intelligence and social development.

Policy and Practical Implications

Digital Literacy Programs: Educators and parents should encourage responsible and balanced digital engagement.

Digital Detox: Scheduled breaks from virtual environments can improve mental health and real-life social skills.

Monitoring Engagement: Tracking time spent in Metaverse platforms can prevent excessive dependency.

Comparison with Previous Studies

The findings align with existing research indicating that VR and AR offer significant educational and professional benefits but may compromise social skills and emotional well-being if not properly managed.

Future Research Directions

Long-term psychological effects of heavy Metaverse engagement

Strategies for harmonizing virtual and real-life experiences

Potential policy frameworks for safe virtual space usage

Conclusion

The Metaverse represents a transformative frontier in digital interaction. It offers opportunities for communication, learning, and creativity that were previously unimaginable. However, the line between virtual and real life is becoming increasingly blurred, raising concerns about social skills, mental health, and over-dependence on digital experiences. Achieving balance through education, personal discipline, and responsible policy is crucial to maximize benefits while mitigating risks. The future of human interaction will likely depend on how effectively individuals and societies integrate the Metaverse with real-world experiences.

References

1. Bell, J. (2023). Virtual Worlds and Human Interaction. Tech Journal, 12(3), 45–59.

2. Meta Platforms. (2022). Metaverse Roadmap. Meta Reports.

3. Smith, R., & Lee, A. (2021). Psychological Effects of VR. Journal of Digital Psychology, 8(2), 101–118.

4. Johnson, K. (2020). Augmented Reality in Education. Education Tech Review, 5(4), 32–50.

5. Brown, T. (2022). Social Skills in Digital Environments. Social Science Quarterly, 14(1), 15–29.

6. Roberts, P., & Nguyen, L. (2021). Addiction in Virtual Worlds. Journal of Behavioral Studies, 10(3), 88–104.

7. Miller, S. (2020). Balancing Real and Virtual Life. Digital Ethics Review, 6(2), 55–70.

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna was born on May 14, 2006, in Zomin district, Jizzakh region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No. 47 named after Khayrulla Akhmedov in Zomin district. During her school years, a collection of poems written together with amateur young poets was published under the title “Qaldirg‘ochlar” (“Swallows”).

Currently, she is a second-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of English Philology. She is the founder of the “Aleksandr Faynberg Heritage” Club and a coordinator at the clubs “Qizlarjon,” “Students Union,” and “Leader Qizlar.” She is also an active member of the sports club and a player of the “Aurora” volleyball team, as well as the winner of numerous competitions.

She actively participates in projects such as “English Quest: Freshmen Edition,” “EmpowerHer: Republican Forum of Young Women Leaders,” and “Eco Marathon.” She is an official member of the “Intellectual Youth” team. She holds the certificate “Quiz Competition on World AIDS Day with Certificate 2023” along with several other international certificates. She has participated in various conferences and is the author of several articles.

Dysfunctional Family: Causes, Consequences, and Psychological Analysis

Termez State University

Psychology Department

2nd-year student: Marjona Eshmatova

Annotation: This article analyzes the concept of a dysfunctional family, the factors contributing to its formation, and the psychological problems that arise in such families. A dysfunctional family is defined as a family system in which emotional communication, mutual understanding, and support among members are insufficient, and conflicts are regularly observed. The study highlights the influence of social, economic, and psychological factors on the formation of such families. Furthermore, it examines the consequences of growing up in a dysfunctional family for children, including their mental state, interpersonal relationships, and social adaptation. The article also proposes ways to address the problems of dysfunctional families based on psychological approaches.

Keywords: dysfunctional family, psychological environment, emotional deprivation, conflicts, child psychology, family problems

Abstract: This article examines the concept of a dysfunctional family, the factors that contribute to its emergence, and the psychological consequences observed in such families. A dysfunctional family is characterized by insufficient emotional bonds, mutual understanding, and support among members, alongside frequent conflicts. The research highlights social, economic, and psychological factors that influence the formation of these families. It also analyzes the effects on children raised in such environments, including their mental health, interpersonal skills, and social adaptation. Additionally, the article suggests psychological strategies for addressing the problems inherent in dysfunctional families.

Keywords: dysfunctional family, psychological environment, emotional deprivation, conflicts, child psychology, family problems

Introduction

A dysfunctional family refers to a family that fails to fulfill its essential functions and does not provide a healthy psychological environment for its members. In such families, love, understanding, support, mutual trust, and respect are often insufficient. Consequently, conflicts, violence, neglect, psychological pressure, and cold relationships frequently arise. Dysfunctional families may appear normal externally but internally suffer from emotional, psychological, and communicational problems. Children raised in such environments often crave attention, affection, and approval. They tend to develop low self-esteem, lack trust in others, and often replicate similar patterns of dysfunction in their own lives.

The emergence of dysfunctional families is influenced by several factors. Psychological factors include the internal state of family members, their personal issues, and childhood traumas. Stress and nervous tension, socio-economic difficulties, and inappropriate parenting styles all contribute. Dysfunctional families result from a combination of psychological, social, and familial factors. Where warmth, communication, and mutual respect are absent, dysfunction is likely to emerge.

Consequences of Dysfunctional Families

The impact of growing up in a dysfunctional family is profound, affecting both children and parents. For children, consequences include low self-esteem, fear and anxiety, emotional coldness, difficulty in social adaptation, and aggressive or passive behavior. For parents, consequences include emotional exhaustion, insecurity as caregivers, social isolation, psychological trauma, and physical health problems. Long-term dysfunction can render the family emotionally void, despite the formal existence of relationships.

Perspectives of Scholars

Virginia Satir: Dysfunctional families lack healthy communication, emotional expression, and trust. Unexpressed emotions increase internal pressure, destabilizing the family system.

Murray Bowen: The family is a single system; one member’s stress affects the entire system.

Sigmund Freud: Dysfunctional families often stem from unresolved parental childhood traumas unconsciously transmitted to children.

Nafosat Zikirova (Uzbek scholar): Dysfunctional families in Uzbekistan are influenced by social pressure, unemployment, and moral decline; psychological counseling and positive psychology are recommended.

Nodira Latipova: Violence and neglect are the most dangerous forms of dysfunction, affecting children’s trust and social integration.

Prevention of Dysfunctional Families

Preventing dysfunction strengthens both individual well-being and societal stability. Strategies include increasing psychological literacy, promoting healthy communication, developing counseling and therapy systems, preparing youth for marriage, and promoting healthy societal values. Prevention requires ongoing efforts to build emotional health, communication skills, and empathy among all family members.

References

1. Satir V. The New Peoplemaking. Palo Alto: Science and Behavior Books, 1988.

2. Bowen M. Family Therapy in Clinical Practice. New York: Jason Aronson, 1978.

3. Freud S. Civilization and Its Discontents. London: Hogarth Press, 1930.

4. Latipova N., Ganieva M. Family Violence in Modern Uzbekistan. // International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 2021.

5. Zikirova N. Actual problems of developing the field of “Positive Psychology: Family Consultation and Coaching” in Uzbekistan. // Academic Leadership Journal, 2022.

6. Gaipnazarov R., Zarpullayev K. Psychological basis of negative relationships between parents and their children in Uzbekistan families. // InLibrary.uz, 2023.

Marjona Eshmatova, born in 2006, in Sherobod District, Surkhandarya Region. She is a 2nd-year student at Termez State University.

Fake Life Behind the Numbers

Social media was originally created to connect people, share ideas, and unite the world. However, today it has become a powerful platform that significantly affects human psychology. Every day, millions of people showcase the most beautiful moments of their lives online, while others compare these “perfect” scenes to their own lives, quietly feeling inadequate.

According to global statistics, there are 5.24 billion social media users, who spend an average of 2 hours and 21 minutes per day on these platforms. Over the course of a year, this amounts to almost 34 days—essentially dedicating a month of life to virtual existence. The most concerning part is that a large portion of this time often pulls people into a spiral of self-doubt, envy, and loneliness.

In recent years, these negative consequences have become evident through numerous real-life examples. For instance, the famous blogger Anastasiya Tropitsel frequently showcased a luxurious lifestyle, travel, and expensive cars, attracting admiration from millions of young followers. Yet in 2020, she tragically passed away in Bali. Later reports revealed that Anastasiya had long struggled with depression but concealed her struggles to maintain the “happy persona” online. This tragedy exposed the psychological pain hidden behind the virtual life.

At its core, this problem stems from natural human needs—the desire for recognition, attention, and validation. Social media amplifies this feeling, turning it into a system measured by “likes.” People begin to evaluate themselves by numbers: more views, more comments, more followers—almost as if their value depends solely on these metrics. Consequently, genuine emotions, sincerity, and inner peace diminish, replaced by artificial standards of life.

The solution begins with changing one’s mindset. First, it is crucial to develop a culture of healthy boundaries with social media. This does not mean abandoning it entirely, but using it purposefully and in moderation. Everyone should learn to compare themselves not to others online, but to their past selves. Additionally, educational institutions should introduce lessons on digital literacy and information awareness, while promoting mental well-being and self-esteem among young people.

Social media connects us to the world, but it often distances us from ourselves. We live amidst hundreds of photos, videos, and “perfect” lives every day, yet the most important thing—inner peace—seems increasingly lost. I have realized that true happiness does not lie in “likes,” but in sincere conversations, genuine emotions, and moments spent with loved ones.

Life is given to be lived, not to be shown. Therefore, we should focus less on the fake brilliance behind screens and more on our real lives. Only then can a person preserve their true self, and only then does life truly gain meaning.

NARZULLOYEVA MUNISA BAKHROMOVNA was born on August 13th, 2006, in Surxandarya region, Sariasia district of the Republic of Uzbekistan. She is currently studying in her second year at the Faculty of Journalism. She has accomplished a lot of achievements. For instance: her articles were published in Germany’s “Raven Cage” and Kenya’s “Mt. Kenya Times” international magazines. Additionally, her articles were published twice on the official website of “Synchronized Chaos” and have been indexed on Google. Also, she is a member of the “All India Council of Technical Skill Development” and a member of “Global Education Ambassador”.

The Compassion of Kindmouse

Once upon a time, in a faraway land, in a lush green valley at the foot of the Great Mountain, there lived a tiny but very kind little mouse named Kindmouse.

Kindmouse was a caring and affectionate creature who always cherished his friends. Every morning, upon waking, he would greet his neighbors first – the Butterfly, the Frog, the Swallow, and even the Fox.

One day, a severe drought struck the valley. Trees turned yellow, and rivers began to dry up. The animals suffered greatly from thirst. However, Kindmouse had prepared a little water and food in his tiny burrow during the winter.

The Swallow flew over and said, “Oh Kindmouse, my baby is hungry. Could I have a little wheat?”

Without hesitation, Kindmouse shared some of his wheat.

Then the Fox arrived, speaking untruthfully, “I am looking for water for my sick mother. Don’t you need help?”

Even though Kindmouse knew that the Fox had deceived his friends before, he still gave him some water. For Kindmouse believed:

> “When you do good, even if it does not return to you, your heart shines.”

Days passed. One day, dark clouds covered the sky, and finally, rain poured down! Rivers refilled, and the land turned green once more.

The animals were overjoyed and decided to celebrate Kindmouse with a grand festival!

On the day of the celebration, the Swallow gifted him a small vest stitched with gold, and the Butterfly gave him a crown made of flowers. Even the Fox came to apologize, saying, “Now I truly appreciate your friendship.”

From that day on, all the animals in the valley became loving and caring toward one another. They began to celebrate the day it rained every year as “The Day of Kindmouse’s Compassion.”

Abdusaidova Jasmina was born on July 20, 2011, in G‘allaorol district, Jizzakh region. She is the winner of district and regional stages of the competitions “Young Reader”, “Mushoira”, and “Green Light”. Her creative works have been featured in several newspapers and journals, including “Gulxan”, “Tong Yulduzi”, and “G‘allaorol Ovozi”. Additionally, her works have been published in international media such as “Diaspora Times Global” (foreign), “Kenya Times” (Africa), “Synchronized Chaos” (USA), and “Gazeta Destinacioni” (Albania). She is a member of the “Qaqnus” Creative Club.