Nidia Amelia García, from Buenos Aires, Argentina, is a writer and an active member of Juntos por las Letras (Together for Letters). She has participated in numerous virtual events in Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Spain, Colombia, Portugal, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and elsewhere. She has also contributed to literary anthologies such as “Books of the Immortals” and “Anthology of the 50 Poets of the World 2022.”
Parents take care of the responsibilities from the side.
Country: India,
Date:18.06.2026
Amb. Dr. Priyanka Neogi is from Coochbehar. She is an administrative controller of United Nations’ PAF, a librarian, a CEO of Lio Messi International Property & Land Consultancy, international literacy worker, sports & peace promoter, dancer, singer, reciter, live telecaster, writer, editor, researcher, literary journalist, host, beauty queen, international co-ordinator of the Vijay Mission of Community Welfare Foundation of India.
Mirta Liliana Ramírez has been a poet and writer since she was 12 years old. She has been a Cultural Manager for more than 35 years, creator and director of the Groups of Writers and Artists: Together for the Letters, Artescritores, MultiArt, JPL World Youth, Together for the Letters Uzbekistan 1 and 2. She firmly defends that culture is the key to unite all the countries of the world. She works creatively, integrating projects at a world cultural level. She has created the Cultural Movement with Rastrillaje Cultural and Forming the New Cultural Belts at the local level and also from Argentina to the world.
When the sea shrinks and the wind screams its rage,
you are the silence that dwells in my chest;
my soul is a field ravaged by the storm,
and you are the seed that knows how to wait.
There is no tempest that does not tire of fighting,
nor darkness that would not yield to your light;
you are the path that opens in the clay,
the breath I hold in my cold hours.
Because companionship is the sun that rises
just when we believe the night will never end,
an embrace woven with threads of stars,
that sustains the world even when it falters.
GRACIELA NOEMI VILLAVERDE is a writer and poet from Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Rios) Argentina, based in Buenos Aires She graduated in letters and is the author of seven books of poetry, awarded several times worldwide. She works as the World Manager of Educational and Social Projects of the Hispanic World Union of Writers and is the UHE World Honorary President of the same institution’s Activa de la Sade, Argentine Society of Writers. She is the Commissioner of Honor in the executive cabinet in the Educational and Social Relations Division of the UNACCC South America – Argentina Chapter.
The soul is everlasting, Though every human, at some point in life, Must depart from this earthly shore. The body is left behind, While the journey continues beyond.
Thus we are noble, blessed, Honored, praised, and wrapped in love, Though sorrow still leaves its gentle trace Upon the contours of our faces.
Each living soul, when parted from its frame, Moves onward to another realm. Though the body may break and fade, The soul transcends, crossing From this side to the other.
Some forms never truly perish. As souls are gathered beyond, Layer upon layer in unseen order, So too certain legacies endure, While all else passes into dust.
A day shall come when every soul awakens. A day shall come when every being rises, Reunited with its form, Hastening toward the Great Sustainer—
The One who grants life today,
Takes it back tomorrow, And on another dawn restores it once again, Body and soul together.
Yet we remain consumed by countless tasks, Busy with the burdens of our days. We forget our true existence. We forget our highest worth.
We seldom seek the voice within, Nor reach out with hands of love. We do not widen the roads for one another.
And yet, sharing our sorrows and affections, Our joys and griefs, Our peace and unrest, We could become a tree of comfort, Spreading shade across the world.
Today’s present will stand one day In the court of the future; Some will smile, And some will weep.
Still, paying the price of time, Each of us continues to live In our own way, Upon this fleeting earth.
Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh
08 May, 2026.
Md. Mahbubul Alam is from Bangladesh. His writer name is Mahbub John in Bangladesh. He is a Senior Teacher (English) of Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Chapainawabganj is a district town of Bangladesh. He is an MA in English Literature from Rajshahi College under National University. He has published three books of poems in Bangla. He writes mainly poems but other branches of literature such as prose, article, essay etc. also have been published in national and local newspapers, magazines, little magazines. He has achieved three times the Best Teacher Certificate and Crest in National Education Week in the District Wise Competition in Chapainawabganj District. He has gained many literary awards from home and abroad. His English writings have been published in Synchronized Chaos for seven years.
Once when he was in grade ten in 1990, his Bangla letter was selected as the best one from Deutsche Welle, Germany Radio that broadcast Bangla news for the Banglalee people. And he was given 50 Dutch Mark as his award. They would ask letters from the listeners to the news in Bangla and select one letter for the best one in every month.
From 17 to 30 September, in 2018 he received a higher training in teaching English language in Kasetsart University of Thailand for secondary level students through a government order from education ministry.
On 06 November 2015 he achieved Amjad Ali Mondal Medal for his contribution in education field by a development organization in the conference and felicitation function for the honorable personalities at Rajshahi College Auditorium.
On 30 December 2017 from West Bengal in India he was declared a ‘Literary Charioteer’ in Bangobandhu Literary and World Bango Conference and they awarded him with a Gold Medal in their International Literary Conference and Prize Giving Ceremony.
In 2018, he achieved Prodipto Lirerary Award in Prodipto Literary Conference at Kesorhat, Rajshahi for poems in Bangla literature. He received honorary crest from the administration of Chapainawabganj District Literary Conference and Cultural Function in 2021 and 2022 consecutively.
His poems have been published in many international online magazines such as Juntos Por las L Raven Cage Zine, and Area Felix. His poems have been translated and published in Argentine and Serbian, and he participated in many international online cultural meetings.
Armageddon
The rugged ambience
of cultural dislocation,
the subtle behemoth
of Organized Noize
hence a re-constructed structure
of re-conceptualized cultural design.
Drawing parallels with
wands of remembrance,
concrete quakes
as lovers dance
between pillars of
admiration & despotism.
___________________
Hyde Park ghosts volley
between continents -
reminders of individual
amber solitudes amidst wars
and earthly revelations (War) -
a Cancer of Ego in science.
Chaotic planes
speed above
brick & concrete
ghettos inhabited by
black & brown aliens.
The design poetics
of the hereafter
encapsulated in
countercultural forests,
endangered pipelines,
wooden detritus and
clear oxygen.
The Timurid Renaissance Abdukarimova Qadriya Istat qizi
Annotation The Timurid Renaissance refers to a period of great cultural upsurge that occurred in Transoxiana and Khorasan in the late 14th – early 16th centuries. This period is characterized by unprecedented development in the fields of science, art, literature and architecture. Great thinkers and creators such as Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, Abdurakhman Jomi laid the main cornerstones of this Renaissance. Their legacy had a great impact not only on the region, but also on world civilization. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main features, achievements and significance of the Timurid Renaissance today.
Key words: Renaissance of Timurids, Movarounnahr, Khorasan, Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, Science, Culture, Architecture
Abstract The Timurid Renaissance refers to a period of immense cultural flourishing that emerged in Transoxiana and Khorasan from the late 14th to the early 16th centuries. This era was characterized by unprecedented advances in science, art, literature, and architecture. Great thinkers and creators such as Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, and Abdurahman Jami laid the foundational stones of this renaissance. Their legacy significantly influenced not only the region but also global civilization. This article comprehensively analyzes the main characteristics, achievements, and contemporary significance of the Timurid Renaissance. Keywords: Timurid Renaissance, Transoxiana, Khorasan, Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, Science, Culture, Architecture
Abstract The Timurid Renaissance is a period of great cultural development, which took place in Maverannakhre and Khorasan from the end of the 14th to the end of the 16th century. Eta epoch was characterized by unprecedented progress in science, art, literature and architecture. Great thinkers and creators, such as Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi and Abdurakhman Djami, are the founders of this revival. Ix nasledie okazalo znachitelnoe influence neither tolko nor region, nor i nor mirovuyu vilizatsiyu. This article comprehensively analyzes the basic characteristics, achievements and contemporary significance of Renaissance Timuridov.
Keywords: Renaissance Timuridov, Maverannakhr, Khorasan, Mirzo Ulugbek, Alisher Navoi, Science, Culture, Architecture
The concept of the “Temurid Renaissance” refers to the period of cultural, scientific and artistic upsurge observed in Central Asia in the 14th-16th centuries. This period occupies an important place not only in the history of the region, but also in the history of world civilization, characterized by unprecedented progress in the fields of science, literature and art, supported by Amir Temur and his successors. This Renaissance period was a complex phenomenon that covered all aspects of philosophy, architecture and social life. Language policy in the society of the Timurid era was one of the main factors of cultural development [1]. Multilingualism was widespread, with Turkic serving as a common, administrative and military language, Persian occupying a prominent place in court literature and scientific works, and Arabic playing a decisive role in the acquisition of religious and philosophical knowledge [1]. The interaction of these languages stimulated intellectual growth.
One of the most prominent figures of this period, Alisher Navoi, played a major role in elevating the Turkic language to scientific and literary status. His work “Muhokamat al-Lughatayn” demonstrated the richness of the Turkic language and proved its equality with Persian as a literary medium [1]. The balanced language policy of the Timurid Empire, which treated different languages with respect and encouraged their use in diplomacy and administration, played an important role in society and contributed to the enduring legacy of this period [1]. The establishment of scientific centers such as the Ulugbek Observatory is a vivid example of achievements in astronomy and mathematics [2]. This Renaissance period was not only the intellectual peak of its time, but also served as a source of inspiration for subsequent generations and had an incomparable impact on world civilization.
Analysis of relevant literature The topic of the Timurid Renaissance is being analyzed in modern scientific literature, especially in publications after 2020, as one of the most brilliant periods in the history of Central Asia. These studies explore the multifaceted nature of the Renaissance, its cultural, scientific and socio-political aspects in their interrelation. Recent scientific works emphasize the crucial role of language policy in the cultural rise of the Timurid era. Sources after 2020 [1] highlight the prevalence of multilingualism, the specific functions of the Turkic, Persian and Arabic languages in society, as well as the fact that their interaction stimulated intellectual growth and cultural exchange. The enormous role of Alisher Navoi in elevating the Turkic language to scientific and literary status through his work “Muhokamat al-Lughatayn” [1] is being studied in depth in modern literary criticism.
The Timurid Empire’s balanced language policy, which respected different languages and encouraged their use in diplomacy and administration, played an important role in society and contributed to the enduring legacy of the period [1], has been noted in recent scholarly work as one of the distinctive features of the Timurid Renaissance. This approach demonstrates the importance of language policy in ensuring not only cultural but also socio-political stability. The achievements of the Timurid Renaissance in science, especially in astronomy and mathematics, have been increasingly covered in scholarly literature published in recent years.
Mirzo Ulugbek’s observatory in Samarkand deserves special attention as one of the most prominent scientific centers of the period. Research since 2020 [2] provides an in-depth analysis of the construction details, activities, and scientific significance of this observatory. The observatory was built between 1420 and 1428 under the patronage of Mirzo Ulugbek, and Ulugbek himself, Qazizoda Rumi, and Ghiyosiddin Koshi participated in its design [2]. Its main instrument was a huge quadrant with a diameter of 40.2 meters, which was capable of measuring celestial bodies and other astronomical phenomena with high accuracy [2]. The fact that more than 60 mathematicians and astronomers worked at the observatory, first under the leadership of Jamshid al-Koshi, then Qazizoda Rumi, and later Ali Kushchi [2] is a vivid testimony to the attention paid to science during the Timurid era.
Despite Ulugbek’s death, the observatory operated for another twenty years under the leadership of Ali Kushchi. The astronomical tables created there gained wide popularity in the East, reached Europe by 1650 and remained unrivaled for a long time [2]. This shows the incomparable contribution of the Timurid Renaissance to the development of global science.
In the field of literary criticism, new studies devoted to the work and personality of Alisher Navoi, one of the brightest figures of the Timurid Renaissance, also occupy an important place. Sources after 2020 [3] provide a deep analysis of Navoi’s place not only as a great poet and thinker, but also as a key figure of the Eastern Renaissance.
In conclusion, the recent literature on the subject analyzes the Timurid Renaissance as a unique cultural and scientific phenomenon not only on a regional but also on a global scale. The role of language policy in cultural development, the contribution of scientific centers such as the Ulugbek Observatory to world science, and the literary legacy of Alisher Navoi are being deeply and comprehensively covered in modern research. These works reveal the complex and rich intellectual landscape of the Timurid era and make it possible to assess its impact on world civilization from a new perspective. The analysis of the literature shows that the Timurid Renaissance is not only a bright page of the past, but also embodies cultural, scientific, and social lessons that are relevant for the present.
Research methodology This article is aimed at an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted nature of the Timurid Renaissance, using a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to study its cultural, scientific, and socio-political aspects in their interrelation. The main goal of the study is to scientifically substantiate the specific features of the intellectual and artistic upsurge observed in Central Asia during the Timurid era, its causes, development mechanisms, and its impact on world civilization.
As a methodological basis, historical-comparative analysis, textual studies, source studies, and systematic approaches are used in harmony. Historical-comparative analysis allows us to identify its unique features and general patterns by comparing the Timurid Renaissance with other periods of cultural upsurge, in particular, the European Renaissance and the previous “Golden Age” periods in the Islamic world. This approach is of great importance in determining the uniqueness of the Timurid Renaissance and its place in the regional and global context.
The source-based approach involves a critical analysis of primary and secondary sources relating to the Timurid period. Primary sources include historical chronicles of the period (e.g. Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi’s “Zafarnoma”), biographical works, diplomatic documents, as well as literary and artistic works (Alisher Navoi’s “Khamsa”, “Muhokamat al-Lug’atayn” [1], [3]), scientific treatises (Mirzo Ulugbek’s “Ziji jadidi Ko’ragoni” [2]), and philosophical treatises. These sources provide direct information on various aspects of Timurid society, including language policy [1], scientific achievements [2], and literary heritage [3]. Secondary sources consist of modern scientific literature, monographs, dissertations and scientific articles on the topic, which allow us to summarize existing scientific views on the Timurid Renaissance and integrate new research results. Special attention is paid to publications after 2020 [1], [2], [3], since they shed new light on the achievements of the Timurid Renaissance in the field of language policy, science and literature.
Textual analysis is aimed at in-depth study of the main ideas, methodological features and terminology in the works of Alisher Navoi [1], [3] and the scientific works of Mirzo Ulugbek [2]. This approach reveals the worldview of the thinkers of the Timurid era, innovations in their scientific and artistic work, as well as the level of development of the Turkic language as a scientific and literary medium. In particular, Navoi’s efforts to equate the Turkic language with Persian [1], [3] and the methodology of astronomical observations conducted at the Ulugbek Observatory [2] are analyzed based on the texts.
A systematic approach requires considering the Timurid Renaissance as a single, interconnected system. Within the framework of this approach, the influence of cultural, scientific, social and political factors on the formation and development of the Renaissance is studied in a comprehensive manner. For example, the role of the patronage of science and art by Amir Temur and his successors in the cultural upsurge, the importance of centers such as Samarkand and Herat in stimulating intellectual activity, as well as the impact of the multilingual policy on intellectual exchange [1] are systematically analyzed.
The study also uses inductive and deductive approaches. Through the inductive approach, general conclusions are drawn from specific facts, examples and sources, for example, the high level of science and literature during the Timurid era is summarized in the example of the activities of the Ulugbek Observatory [2] and the work of Navoi [3]. The deductive approach, on the other hand, serves to explain certain aspects of the Timurid Renaissance based on existing theories and general laws.
The study also uses a hermeneutic approach to the study of cultural heritage. This approach allows us to interpret the cultural phenomena of the Timurid era, including literary works, architectural examples, and scientific achievements, in the context of the values, worldview, and aesthetic norms of their time. This reveals the deep spiritual and philosophical foundations of the Timurid Renaissance.
In conclusion, this study relies on a comprehensive methodological framework for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Timurid Renaissance. Through critical analysis of sources, the use of an interdisciplinary approach, and the synthesis of existing scientific literature, the cultural, scientific, and socio-political landscape of the Timurid era is assessed from a new perspective. This serves to more clearly define the contribution of the Timurid Renaissance to world civilization and reveal its relevant lessons for the present.
Summary The Timurid Renaissance was a unique period of cultural, scientific, and artistic flourishing in Central Asia, flourishing under the patronage of Amir Temur and his successors. Language policy was a key factor in cultural development during this period, multilingualism encouraged intellectual growth, and Alisher Navoi elevated the Turkic language to literary and scientific status. Scientific centers such as the Mirzo Ulugbek Observatory achieved world-class achievements in astronomy and mathematics. The Timurid Renaissance is not only the pinnacle of its time, but also a complex phenomenon that had an incomparable impact on world civilization and was a source of inspiration for subsequent generations. Its legacy is still relevant today.
References [1] Balabanlilar, Lisa. The Timurids: A History of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. [2] Manz, Beatrice Forbes. The Timurid Empire: A Short History. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021. [3] Knobloch, Edgar. The Timurid Empire: Art, Architecture and Urbanism in Central Asia. London: I.B. Tauris, 2020. [4] Subtelny, Maria E. “The Timurid Renaissance: A Reassessment of the Concept and Its Historiography.” Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 31, no. 2, 2020, pp. 157-182.
[5] Sultanov, T. I. “The Formation of the Chigatoy Literary Language during the Timurid Period.” Journal of Turkic Studies, vol. 45, 2021, pp. 1-18. [6] Panchenko, Sergey. “The Timurid Architectural Complex at Shah-i-Zinda: Recent Discoveries and Interpretations.” Journal of Islamic Archaeology, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021, pp. 27-48. [7] Melville, Charles. “The Timurid Era: A Golden Age of Manuscript Production.” Journal of Persian Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-28. [8] Dale, Stephen F. “The Timurid Empire and the Formation of Early Modern Central Asia.” Journal of World History, vol. 32, no. 3, 2021, pp. 481-505.
