Historical Monuments of Uzbekistan: Timeless Witnesses of Uzbekistan 

Uzbekistan, located at the heart of Central Asia, is one of the world’s oldest cultural crossroads. For centuries, it served as a key hub of the Great Silk Road, connecting East and West, North and South. As merchants, scholars, travelers, and conquerors passed through its territory, they left behind not only goods and ideas but also magnificent architectural monuments. Today, Uzbekistan is home to hundreds of historical sites that reflect the rich political, spiritual, and cultural history of the region. These monuments are not merely remnants of the past; they are living witnesses to the rise and fall of great civilizations and continue to shape the national identity of the Uzbek people.

Samarkand – The Pearl of the East

Among Uzbekistan’s historical cities, Samarkand holds a special place. Often referred to as “the Pearl of the East,” Samarkand is more than 2,700 years old and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city reached its golden age during the reign of Amir Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th century, when it became the capital of a vast empire.

The most iconic monument of Samarkand is Registan Square, a grand ensemble of three madrasahs: Ulugh Beg Madrasah, Sher-Dor Madrasah, and Tilla-Kori Madrasah. These buildings demonstrate the pinnacle of Islamic architecture, with their majestic portals, intricate geometric patterns, and vibrant blue tilework. Registan was not only an architectural center but also a place of education, public gatherings, and intellectual exchange.

Another remarkable monument is the Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, the final resting place of Amir Timur and his descendants. Its massive turquoise dome and elegant interior symbolize the power and ambition of the Timurid dynasty. The mausoleum later inspired the design of other famous structures, including the Taj Mahal in India.

Bukhara – A Living Museum

Bukhara is often described as an open-air museum, as it has preserved its historical layout and monuments remarkably well. With a history spanning over 2,500 years, Bukhara was once a major center of Islamic theology, science, and trade.

One of the most impressive landmarks in Bukhara is the Poi-Kalyan Complex, which includes the Kalyan Minaret, Kalyan Mosque, and Mir-i-Arab Madrasah. The Kalyan Minaret, standing nearly 47 meters tall, was built in the 12th century and has survived numerous invasions and earthquakes. Legend says that even Genghis Khan was so impressed by its beauty that he ordered it not to be destroyed.

Another significant site is the Ark Fortress, an ancient citadel that served as the residence of Bukhara’s rulers for centuries. Within its walls, political decisions were made, cultural life flourished, and the fate of the emirate was determined. Walking through the Ark today allows visitors to imagine the daily life of medieval rulers and scholars.

Khiva – A City Frozen in Time

Khiva, located in the Khorezm region, is one of the best-preserved historical cities in Central Asia. Its inner city, Ichan-Kala, is surrounded by massive clay walls and has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike many ancient cities, Khiva’s historical center remains almost entirely intact.

Among Khiva’s architectural masterpieces is the Kalta Minor Minaret, famous for its unfinished yet striking appearance, covered in blue and green tiles. The Juma Mosque, with its 218 carved wooden columns, reflects ancient construction traditions and artistic craftsmanship. Each column has a unique design, some dating back to the 10th century. Khiva’s monuments reflect the cultural identity of Khorezm, a region that made significant contributions to science, mathematics, and astronomy. 

Shakhrisabz, the birthplace of Amir Timur, is another important historical city in Uzbekistan. 

The Dorus-Saodat and Dorus-Tilovat complexes in Shakhrisabz include mausoleums and mosques associated with Timur’s family and spiritual mentors. These monuments highlight the deep connection between political authority and religious life in medieval Central Asia.

While Uzbekistan is widely known for its Islamic monuments, its territory also preserves traces of pre-Islamic civilizations. The city of Termez, located in the south of the country, was once an important center of Buddhism along the Silk Road. Archaeological sites such as Fayaz-Tepa and Kara-Tepa contain remains of Buddhist monasteries, stupas, and sculptures dating back to the Kushan period. These monuments prove that Uzbekistan has long been a land of religious tolerance and cultural diversity. They enrich the historical narrative of the country and demonstrate its role in global civilization.

Since gaining independence, Uzbekistan has placed great emphasis on preserving and restoring its historical monuments. Large-scale restoration projects have been carried out, and many sites have been adapted for cultural tourism. At the same time, efforts are being made to balance modernization with historical authenticity. Historical monuments today play a vital role in educating young generations, strengthening national pride, and promoting Uzbekistan on the international stage. They attract millions of tourists each year and contribute to economic development through cultural tourism. The historical monuments of Uzbekistan are far more than architectural achievements; they are symbols of human creativity, knowledge, and resilience.

From the grand squares of Samarkand to the quiet streets of Khiva, each monument tells a story of a civilization that once flourished and continues to inspire the modern world. Preserving these treasures is not only a national responsibility but also a contribution to global cultural heritage. Uzbekistan, with its timeless monuments, stands as a bridge between the past and the future, inviting humanity to learn from history and value cultural diversity.

And jasmine remains white,

no matter how treacherous the seasons may be.

Like the heart of a child is your heart,

and like your presence in my life — a secret of eternity,

planting in my heart roses that never wither,

no matter how many years pass over them.

You are a melody that never loses its glow,

no matter how tired the fingers grow,

a pulse that never fades, even in the fiercest storms,

O child of my heart.

When you draw near, words fall silent

out of reverence for your presence,

time becomes perfumed with your gentle scent,

and I feel as though I breathe another life

within your heart.

Like rain after a long thirst,

in you I find the meaning of purity

when purity is lost in this world.

You are warmth when winter betrays me,

a refuge for gentle souls when the dark winter night frightens them,

and the heart’s reassurance

when souls tremble.

Your love remains pure in my heart,

no matter how fierce the storms may be.

You are my homeland and my light

when the path is lost.

The song of my heart,

and the song of the soul when silence fails it.

In your eyes, I find both safety and wonder.

My wish, my little one —

in the warmth of your hands

I discover that time can stop

in reverence for a sincere moment.

O purer than all the verses poets have written,

secret of dew and whiteness of dawn,

you are the branch leaning over

the balconies of Damascene shanashil,

over ancient windows and doors,

O fragrance of jasmine.

Your presence with me

turns all seasons into an endless spring.

And jasmine remains white,

no matter how treacherous the seasons may be.

HEALTHY LIVESTOCK – A HEALTHY SOCIETY

When we talk about health today, we usually think of the human body, medicine, hospitals, and pharmaceuticals. However, the roots of public health are often overlooked. In reality, they begin on farms, pastures, livestock facilities, and in veterinary clinics. A healthy society is not defined solely by healthy people, but also by healthy animals, safe food, and responsible drug use. In this sense, the phrase “Healthy livestock – a healthy society” is not merely a slogan, but a vital reality.

Livestock farming is one of the fundamental economic and social pillars of any society. Meat, milk, eggs, and dietary products are integral components of everyday human nutrition. Yet we rarely reflect on the conditions under which these products are produced, the medications administered to animals, or the extent to which these processes are regulated. In fact, any issue related to animal health ultimately affects human health.

One of the most serious global challenges discussed in recent years is antibiotic resistance. This problem does not originate only in hospitals. On the contrary, one of its major sources is the uncontrolled and improper use of antibiotics in livestock farming. In some cases, antibiotics are administered not for therapeutic purposes, but to accelerate animal growth or as a preventive measure. As a result, bacteria adapt to these drugs, rendering commonly used antibiotics ineffective in humans. This poses a serious threat to public health.

Unfortunately, attitudes toward drug use remain problematic. Some livestock owners administer medications without consulting a veterinarian, relying on the belief that “this drug worked before.” In other cases, dosages are not followed correctly, and treatment courses are not completed. Most concerning is the failure to observe withdrawal periods before slaughter. Consequently, drug residues remain in meat and dairy products, which eventually reach the consumer’s table.

This is where the close interconnection between veterinary medicine and pharmacy becomes evident. While veterinarians are responsible for diagnosis and treatment, pharmacists ensure the quality, safety, and correct use of medicines. Without effective collaboration between these professionals, medications may cause more harm than benefit. Therefore, veterinary pharmacy is not merely a professional field, but a critical component of public safety.

Today, the market offers a wide range of veterinary medicines, but their quality varies significantly. The issue of counterfeit and substandard drugs is particularly alarming. Such products fail to treat animals effectively and may even worsen diseases. As a result, livestock mortality increases, productivity declines, and economic losses occur. More importantly, these drugs pose an indirect threat to human health. Thus, strict regulation of veterinary medicines is not only a professional responsibility, but a societal necessity.

The issue of healthy livestock is not limited to medication alone. It also encompasses proper husbandry, sanitation, disease prevention, and vaccination systems. Preventing disease has always been more effective and economical than treating it. However, in practice, preventive measures are often neglected, and problems are only addressed once diseases have progressed. This approach is neither economically viable nor beneficial for public health.

At the global level, the concept of “One Health” is becoming increasingly relevant. This approach views human, animal, and environmental health as a single interconnected system. Everything in nature is interrelated: when animals fall ill, humans are put at risk; when the environment is degraded, livestock become more vulnerable; and when medicines are misused, society suffers. Therefore, healthy livestock is not merely an agricultural issue, but a matter of national and global security.

Another crucial aspect is the training of specialists. Modern veterinary medicine and pharmacy require advanced knowledge, technology, and a strong sense of responsibility. However, the gap between theory and practice remains evident. Young professionals must be not only knowledgeable, but also ethical and conscientious. A single mistake can affect an entire chain—from livestock health to human well-being.

As a society, we must also recognize our responsibility. Chasing cheap products and choosing meat or dairy of questionable quality ultimately harms us. Where there is demand, supply follows. If consumers demand safe and high-quality products, producers will be compelled to meet these standards. This, in turn, encourages the production of healthy livestock.

In conclusion, building a healthy society requires more than doctors and pharmacies alone. The process begins on the farm, continues in veterinary clinics, and is reinforced through the pharmaceutical sector. Only when each link in this chain fulfills its role honestly and responsibly can we truly speak of a healthy society. Healthy livestock is not merely about animal welfare—it is a guarantee of the health of future generations.

My lord

He never stopped working for his family
He thought about the happiness of his children
He always lived happily and with a smile
My dear, gentle, kind lord

He always held my shoulder and kissed me
He always prayed for me
When I cried, he wiped my tears from my face
My lord, he also gave me joy

He never bowed his head when trouble came
He looked for an opportunity in every task
He always supported his loved ones
My dear, sweet-spoken, generous lord

PLAVETNILO

Iz unutrašnjosti nebeskog

Plavetnila, prosuta zvjezdana

Prašina, stapa se sa  korijenjem 

Zemljine utrobe  kosmičkim sjemenom 

Zajedno daju zemaljske plodove 

Lakoćom fluidnog kretanja neprekidno

Putuje duša, spiralnom međusvjetovnom 

Svjetlošću pamti astralna putovanja

Svjesnost poznaje tjelesni oblik, nikada 

Ne kasni, neprekidnim vraćanjem 

Svome još uvijek usnulom tijelu

Pred svitanje, ponovno se  spaja

Duh, duša sa tijelom, životni ciklus 

Zatvara krug praiskonsko modro

Sa zlatnim zracima aurore, 

Neprekidno rađanje I umiranje,

Događa se istovremeno u obje 

Realnosti, jedno bez drugog ne

Može, tako je i bit će!!!

                           

BLUE

From the interior of the celestial

Blue, spilled starry

Dust, merges with the roots 

Earth’s womb with cosmic seed 

Together they give earthly fruits 

With the ease of fluid movement continuously

The soul travels, spiraling interworld 

With light it remembers astral journeys

Consciousness knows the physical form, never 

Is not late, by continuously returning 

To its still sleeping body

Before dawn, it reunites

Spirit, soul with body, life cycle 

Closes the circle of the primordial blue

With the golden rays of the aurora, 

Continuous birth and death,

Happening simultaneously in both 

Realities, one cannot exist without the other

It can, it is and it will be!!!

After All the Fairytales

After all the fairytales,
I want the language of the world to change.

Let the crow caw with the sound of good news,
Let there be well-wishes in the cat’s voice.
May the barks of dogs become melodious songs,
Let the lonely Shakil find his tribe again…

Let the pitch-black roads become
Mountain streams, flowing as waterfalls.
Let the humans turn into fish,
Or, let them fly as honeybees.
May the language of sparrows become universal,
Let flocks of parrots be seen
In the morning, noon, and evening.

Let the airplanes, like white gulls,
Build their nests on Sumatra Island.
Let there be friendship between stone and rain,
Let them promise each other—no more hailstorms.
Let butterflies see the moon in the land of ice.
From the body of the wolf or the desert bear,
Let the fragrance of heaven drift.
Let the tiger’s roar be like the hum of a bee—
Fearless, ageless, and spontaneous.

After all the fairytales…
Let the world belong to the bees or the fish alone.

Ashes in the Dry Garden

The rain remembers nothing,

It weeps dust, grain by grain,

As Time buries its face in sand,

The sky, concave and breathless,

Is a priest without a sermon.

The grass prays in brittle tongues

 Beneath a ferrous sun,

Thorns rehearse old rites,

Where roots renounced the covenant of earth.

Buds dissolve in the womb of stillborn hours.

The path no longer pretends,

A threshold breathes but has no door,

A window mourns, clothed in the linen of neglect,

Shadows press their faces to the glass,

And broken panes echo footsteps never returned.

Leaves fall like confessions,

Not from boughs, but from clocks,

Whose hands no longer grasp meaning,

Rust speaks the liturgy of loss,

Iron forgets its shape,

And corrosion writes the gospel of forgetting.

Smoke, the incense of wasted time,

Rises from hours sacrificed to absence,

Walls whisper in crumbling syllables,

Not shattered by war,

But worn by the sighs of the unseen.

Among the ash:

A mother’s breath embalmed in plaster,

A child’s gaze fossilized in soot,

An old man’s dream folded,

In the envelope of an oxidized memory.

And the silence,

The silence chants,

I am the shape of what was thought,

The breath between two centuries,

The echo of a name unspoken.

When All Remains But Thee

The lamps still burn with contemplative fire,

Their golden tongues untouched by grief or pyre,

The meadows don their emerald attire,

Yet none lament, none long, none tire.

The birds unfold their morning psalm with grace,

Their wings inscribe soft hymns across the space,

The bells still toll where sacred echoes fall,

Yet none recall thy voice, none heed thy call.

The paths remain where once our steps were laid,

But Time has brushed thy footprints into shade,

The leaves lift birds to sky’s cathedral 

dome,

While travelers pass as though they’re heading home.

O Memory! close thy weeping, sleepless eyes,

Unclench thy hand from what beneath it lies,

Let Past recede into the breathless hush,

Its mournful dirge now but a dying hush.

For all remains unchanged, complete in tune,

The morning glows, the breeze retains its rune,

But thou, O friend art not in any place,

Not in the sun, the wind, the stars, or space.

In The Shade Of Seeking 

In blissful torment I sought smiling tears,

Seeking sorrow’s shade in sunshine’s shimmer,

Dark veils of anguish dimmed each golden dawn,

My eyes hunted shade in the arms of radiance,

An eternity dissolved under one teardrop’s weight,

O Pain, thou cruel artist, you inked my time,

A quiet absence visits my inward skies,

Loud silence nests in the heart’s vacant throne,

And chases shadows across the desert of longing,

In endless alleys, I seek echoes of essence,

The path is a relic of a vanished presence,

The dust knows my quest better than my lips,

I seek the trace ‘I seek the trace,

And I walk, and I yearn, and I call,

O nameless echo, art thou memory or prophecy?

Who moans in the dome of my soul’s roam?

In the Veins of Mist

Beyond the veil were dust and mist alone,

A traveller was I, yet journey there was none,

The tale once bound by threads was bore of grief,

Though paths bended beneath celestial turns.

I walked through clocks that melted into breath,

Where roads were stitched from shadows of desire,

Each turn revealed a mirror with no face,

Each milestone sang but vanished into fire.

Ideas rained like feathers made of glass,

Breaking soundlessly on the floor of thought,

I sought the ones who dwelled behind my eyes,

But found them drowning in a glass of haze.

No sorrow wept beneath the laughing moon,

I moved, yet floated in a static sea,

Time wore a cloak of whispering spectral wings,

And space knelt quiet at memory ‘s rusted gate.

The spring I chased turned into mirrored smoke,

And kissed the void with incandescent flames.

My river slept inside a cave of wind,

No wave disturbs the mirror of my stream.

No voice, no flame, no herald of the dream,

No beacon flares, no shore, no destiny,

No wave stirs forth within my silent sea,

In endless pursuit my compass turned to mist.

In the orbit of seeking lost my compass,

Diverts in the agony of smouldering path,

Each step dissolves into a vow forsaken,

And vanishes beneath eternity’s breathless veil.

A Vigilant Soul Awaits

A solemn vigil stirs the soul’s deep core,

Veiled fire beneath humanity longs to roar,

An ancient cry breathes through the folds of thought,

Time’s hush prepares the truth ,the seers sought.

The soul desires clouds ablaze with peace,

Tranquility draped in celestial, silent release,

Is a sacred phrase to light the mind’s domain!

And whisper grace through reason’s rich refrain.

For centuries I’ve thirsted for one stream,

A draught to heal the wounds of dream,

A pilgrim bearing thought’s illumined flame,

I name the stars yet shun all fame.

Let peace arise on wisdom’s tempered wing,

Let every soul in silent union sing,

Let truth be refuge for the bruised and torn,

And tyranny die where light is born.

A day shall come when division’s veil shall fall,

One voice shall echo in the hearts of all,

Those drunk on power shall at last descend,

Marked by the time their might cannot defend.