TALABALARNING ONA TILINI O‘RGATISHDA INTERFAOL VA INNOVATSION YONDASHUVLARNI QO‘LLASH METODLARI                  

Jumanazarova Zuxra     

Kattaqoʻrgʻon davlat pedagogika insituti Xorijiy til va adabiyoti yoʻnalishi talabasi +998500406125

 jumanazarovaz896@gmail.com

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada talabalarga ona tilini o‘rgatish jarayonida interfaol va innovatsion yondashuvlarni qo‘llashning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqolada ta’lim jarayonida ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalar, zamonaviy axborotkommunikatsiya vositalari hamda interfaol metodlardan foydalanish orqali talabalar nutq madaniyatini rivojlantirish, mustaqil fikrlash va ijodiy yondashuvini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil etiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, interfaol va innovatsion metodlar talabalarning o‘quv motivatsiyasini oshiradi, o‘z fikrini erkin ifoda etish, til boyligini kengaytirish va kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishga xizmat qiladi. 

Kalit so‘zlar: Ona tili, interfaol metodlar, innovatsion texnologiyalar, ta’lim samaradorligi, ijodiy fikrlash, kommunikativ kompetensiya  

Abstract: This article highlights the importance of applying interactive and innovative approaches in teaching the native language to students. It analyzes the development of students’ speech culture, independent thinking, and creative approach through the use of advanced pedagogical technologies, modern information and communication tools, and interactive teaching methods. The research results show that interactive and innovative methods increase students’ learning motivation, help them express their thoughts freely, expand their vocabulary, and develop their communicative competence. 

Keywords: native language, interactive methods, innovative technologies, learning efficiency, creative thinking, communicative competence 

Résumé: Cet article met en lumière l’importance de l’utilisation des approches interactives et innovantes dans le processus d’enseignement de la langue maternelle aux étudiants. Il y est analysé comment l’emploi des technologies pédagogiques avancées, des outils modernes de communication et des méthodes interactives contribue au développement de la culture linguistique des étudiants, à la formation de leur pensée indépendante et de leur créativité. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que les méthodes interactives et innovantes augmentent la motivation d’apprentissage des étudiants, favorisent l’expression libre de leurs idées, enrichissent leur vocabulaire et développent leur compétence communicative. 

Mots-clés: Langue maternelle, méthodes interactives, technologies innovantes, efficacité de l’enseignement, pensée créative, compétence communicative IntroductionIn the modern educational process, the role of interactive and innovative methods in developing students’ knowledge, skills, and personal potential is steadily increasing. Especially in teaching the native language, these approaches play a significant role. Interactive methods (role plays, problem situations, group discussions) transform students from passive listeners into active participants, developing their speech culture and creative thinking abilities.

Furthermore, the use of modern information and communication technologies makes it possible to present learning materials interactively and visually, encouraging students to engage actively with the topic. This contributes to the deepening of writing and speaking skills in the native language, fostering personalized learning and the development of creative thinking.

Main Part

Through the use of advanced pedagogical technologies, modern information and communication tools, and interactive methods in education, it becomes possible to develop students’ speech culture, independent thinking, and creativity. The main tasks in this process include stimulating verbal activity, strengthening analytical thinking, and supporting creativity. This encourages students to learn actively, express their opinions freely, think critically, and find creative solutions.

One of the urgent issues today is improving the quality of education and providing students with effective learning. To achieve this, teachers are required to use interactive methods appropriately and arouse learners’ interest. At the same time, teachers must constantly work on self-development and explore new interactive techniques. An interactive method is an activity in which learners cooperate, exchange ideas, and solve problems collectively through communication and discussion. Its main advantage lies in the fact that it teaches students to think independently and prepares them for real life. Interactive methods are learner-centered approaches that activate and motivate learners to think independently. The teacher’s role is to encourage participation, while the learner remains actively engaged throughout the process.

The benefits of learner-centered approaches are as follows: Learning becomes more effective; Learners are highly motivated; Previously acquired knowledge is taken into account; The learning process is aligned with the learner’s goals and needs; Initiative and responsibility are encouraged; Learning through practice is emphasized; Two-way feedback is promoted.

Thus, the use of interactive methods in the teaching process has its own characteristics. Careful study and application of each interactive method in practice broaden students’ thinking and positively affect their ability to solve problems effectively. It increases creativity and activeness. When theoretical and practical problems are analyzed through interactive methods, students’ knowledge, skills, and competencies deepen and expand.

Interactive teaching methods can be classified as follows:1️⃣ Interactive methods: Case study, Brainstorming interview, Modeling, Creative work, Problem-based learning, etc.2️⃣ Interactive teaching strategies: Brainstorming, Boomerang, Gallery, Zigzag, Step-by-step, Snowball, Rotation, etc.3️⃣ Interactive graphic organizers: Fishbone diagram, K-W-L (BBB), Concept table, Venn diagram, T-chart, Insert, Cluster, Why?, How? And others.

In addition, organizing native language lessons based on pedagogical technologies and using interactive methods such as Pair work, Small group work, Tree solution, Incomplete sentence exercise, Wheel of fortune, Find the wrong word, Mixed information, Alphabet, Scales, Lotto, Black box, helps enhance learning effectiveness. For instance, the “Wheel of Fortune” (Charxpalak) method is designed to help students recall previous topics, think logically, answer questions independently, assess themselves, and allows the teacher to evaluate all students’ knowledge in a short time. The activity can be used at the beginning or end of the lesson, during topic reinforcement, or for formative and summative assessment. Students work in groups, receive instructions, and exchange task sheets in a circular “wheel” manner. Each group builds on the ideas of others until the topic is completed. Correct answers are scored, and total points determine achievement levels.

Conclusion

The use of interactive and innovative methods in the educational process plays an important role in increasing students’ learning motivation, developing independent thinking skills, and enabling them to express their opinions freely.

Such methods Yo‘ldoshev, J.G. Ta’limda interfaol metodlar. – Toshkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 2019.  Mehmonov, M.H  Yangi Oʻzbekiston pedagoglari  axborotnomasi “Interfaol metodlar va ularning ta’ lim jarayonidagi mohiyati”. – Toshkent:, 2023. Azizxo‘jayeva, N.N. Pedagogik texnologiyalar va pedagogik mahorat. –       Toshkent: TDPU, 2020. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ona-tili-darslarida-innovatsiontexnologiyalar-asosida-mustaqil-ishlarni-tashkil-etish. Turemuratova, Aziza, Rita Kurbanova, and Barno Saidboyeva. “EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS IN SHAPING THE WORLDVIEW OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN FOLK PEDAGOGY.” Modern Science and Research 2.10 (2023): 318-322. Xamrakulova, B.A O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti, “ Til o‘rganishda kommunikativ va pragmatik kompensatsiya startegiyalarining ahamiyati”. – Tashkent, O‘zbekiston    

Toxic toll
I once was whole
before the immense pain you so selfishly inflicted on my soul
Was this the goal — to pay a toll
or has this simply taken a toll
Led by control: reprogramming
theft of my wants
Pure soul, slowly — but surely — playing a role
defamation of a chosen self
hoping for victory
painting this picture of me
as if it were my destiny
Could this be the death of me,
or the unapologetic theft of she —
what used to be no longer remains shell never be the same
Such a tragedy

Shhhhh
Signs and synchronicities With repetitive actions with self sabotaging consequences
same song, same
dance should I have even given you a chance Already awaiting the consequence
retraction should I even be asking
why there is a lack of passion why we wear this costume of love as if it’s a fashion
smile
and pretend it’s all peachy we were the illusion as if it was Avicii

Cursed within
Rejuvenation of one’s worth it starts with ones feet grounding to the Earth Mind over
mentality always shows the truth what feels like a curse Is revealed and
reversed And then only proceed after completing one’s need
What follows worth is the real realization you have to love you first
Love all around even the dark stuff you keep deep deep down all while treading
emotions
try not to drown stay afloat
love ain’t no joke, but there’s always hope

Best friend
What’s always there when you need it
In any and every situations
They have read every page in your book
They can read you and literally know every detail and nook
They stick with you through
Thick and thin
That’s right you guessed it
It’s my best friend
MMH est 2011

———————————————————————–

at a hospital

cold sunshine

must be another

day stuck at a

hospital for

testing

a cough of death

behind me in the

waiting area

i learned at an

early age no place

on earth can get

you sick like

a hospital

no wonder my

mother would

prefer to die

at home

———————————————————–

ever really existed

nearly four in the morning

struggling to find the words

you have stumbled into

a dream that a little boy

once had where his

demons allowed him

to go out and play and

discover if fun ever

really existed

a trap where there never

is a right answer

and that’s where we

fall back into reality

all these questions

all these zombies

and then let the drugs

calm you

cradle you into the light

a soft, majestic embrace

two more trips around

the sun and then we

shall celebrate

a new beginning

once again

—————————————————————

all the naughty fun to be had

i remember that night

in chicago

that tall beautiful black

woman on stage

talked with the kind of

accent that immediately

made you think of some

island thousands of miles

away and all the naughty

fun to be had on a beach

after a few drinks, swear

she was making eyes with

me

of course, her six foot five

white boyfriend was standing

right behind me

i quickly figured out whom

the eyes were for

i went to the bar and ordered

a double, sat down and laughed

even with the little confidence

i had in my 20’s, there’s no

fucking way a woman like

that would be going for me

a quarter century later

not much has fucking

changed

——————————————————————–

paper and pen

everyone buried

in their phones

yet i’m the weird

fuck using paper

and pen

scribbling poems

making himself

laugh with a funny

line

if i was as weird

as people think

i would never

go out in public

and from the looks

of a few people

they wouldn’t

mind that

————————————————————-

any amount of power

and here comes the raging

underbelly of america

election day

no use trusting anyone

with any amount of

power

and all i ever wanted

to know

who is going to get all

those fucking signs off

the side of the roads

i don’t need to see the

names of the losers peeking

through the snow in a few

weeks from now

i remember telling a friend

in high school if i ever run

for office, that would be

my only promise

the day after the election

i would take down every

one of my signs

sadly, given the current

state of politics

that might actually work

JJ Campbell (1976 – ?) is stuck in suburbia, plotting his escape. He’s been widely published over the years, most recently at The Beatnik Cowboy, Disturb the Universe Magazine, The Rye Whiskey Review, Misfit Magazine and Yellow Mama. You can find him most days taking care of his disabled mother while trying to do everything else at the same time. He tries to maintain his blog, although he rarely has time to write on it. (https://evildelights.blogspot.com)

Effective methods of learning English as a foreign language

Dildora Saidjonova, UzSWLU, English philology faculty Uzbekistan, Tashkent Email: saidjonovadildora882@gmail.com

Abstract: The increasing significance of English as a global language has intensified the demand for effective strategies in second language acquisition. This article explores the most efficient methods for learning English as a second language, emphasizing immersion, shadowing, and interactive learning. Through an analytical review of these approaches, the study highlights how each method supports the development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills while fostering cultural understanding and learner motivation.

The findings suggest that a combination of these methods creates a dynamic and learner-centered environment that enhances language proficiency more effectively than traditional approaches. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of adopting diverse and communicative learning techniques to achieve long-term fluency and confidence in English.

Key words: ESL, English, methods, acquisition, immersion, shadowing, interactive learning.

In today’s globalized world, English has become a dominant language of communication, education, science, and international business. As a result, the ability to use English effectively is increasingly recognized as a key factor for academic and professional advancement. However, mastering English as a second language (ESL) remains a complex process that requires effective learning methods according to learners’ needs, goals, and contexts. This article examines the most effective methods of learning English as a second language, focusing on innovative practices such as immersion, shadowing, and interactive learning.

Methods: According to several studies, the most effective methods for mastering the English language have been identified as immersion, shadowing and interactive exercises. The first way of learning English efficiently is immersion. Immersion emphasizes the importance of context and continuous exposure, often without relying on explicit instruction. In this setting, learners are encouraged to engage in real-world communication, allowing them to develop both receptive (listening and reading) and productive (speaking and writing) language skills in a more authentic and intuitive manner. The method mirrors the natural language acquisition process by facilitating learning in a dynamic, interactive environment.

This approach based on the idea that immersion accelerates language proficiency by reducing reliance on the learner’s native language and maximizing exposure to the second language in a meaningful context. Research has shown that immersion facilitates the development of fluency, vocabulary acquisition, cultural understanding and an overall deeper mastery of the language, often at a faster pace compared to conventional language-learning methods. Furthermore, it can creates a motivation-driven environment, where learners actively use the language in a variety of settings, improving both their linguistic and socio-pragmatic skills.

The “somber repetition” or “shadowing” method of language learning involve listening to a native speaker and immediately repeating what they say. This technique  is very useful for improving pronunciation, intonation and fluidity in foreign language, such as English. The idea behind somber repetition is straightforward: an audience listens to an audio or video recording in the target language and attempts to mimic the words and phrases accurately as possible. This may be accomplished through podcasts, TED Talks or even songs. The goal is to actively strengthen linguistic skills and “immerse oneself” in the language.

How to do shadowing exercises:

Choose the material. Select recordings that are appropriate for your level. It could be podcasts, YouTube videos or shows and movies. Pay attention: Before you start repeating, listen to the recording once to understand  the context and content. Repeat immediately: Start recording and repeat as soon as you can. Do not hesitate to pause if necessary to better grasp the phrases. Record your voice: To assess your progress, record yourself while repeating. This allow you to understand your mistakes and make corrections. Practice regularly: Dedicate time each day or week to practice.

Learning English by ear makes the process easier, even though we might not understand the meaning exactly. The shadowing technique should be broken down into five stages, according to its creator, A. Arguelles:

Imitation without intent. Listen to the tape without looking at the text and attempt to get its core. You must scroll through the same section as many times as necessary. Repeat whatever you can after the carrier.

Textual imitation. The second stage involves copying the native speaker’s speech while glancing at the translation. It is only translation.

Without any text in a foreign language. You cannot yet the constructs and grammar.

Replay in shadow mode. Repetition of the speaker’s voice with the text in front of him.

Elaboration. Read the sentence again and examine the pronunciation characteristics. Interactive learning emphasizes active participation, collaboration, and communication between learners and teacher. Unlike traditional teachers-centered methods, interactive learning encourage students to exchange ideas, solve problems, and use language in real communicative contexts. Interactive games and flashcards are well-known for being effective resources for improving vocabulary memory and motivating students. Some useful games like Quizlet and Kahoot! offer organized and interesting learning opportunities.

This approach aligns with Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (1978), which states that knowledge is constructed through social interaction and collaborative dialogue. In an ESL classroom, students develop language competence not only through individual practice, but also through cooperation and negotiation of meaning with peers. In conclusion, mastering English requires the use of effective, engaging, and appropriate learning methods. Among the numerous strategies have proven to be particularly valuable in promoting linguistic competence and communicative confidence. Together, these methods create a comprehensive and balanced approach to language acquisition.

Therefore, educators and learners are encouraged to integrate these techniques into their study, as their combined application can significantly enhance both the effectiveness and enjoyment of learning English as a second language.

References:

https://www.oxfordinternationalenglish.com/effective-study-techniques-for-learning-english/ _Approaches_and_Methods_in_Language_Teaching__2nd_Edition__Cambridge_Language_Teaching_Library_ Жуманиязова F., & Умарова J. (2025). The role of immersion in acquiring a second foreign language. Объединяя студентов: международные исследования и сотрудничество между дисциплинами, 1(1), 333–335. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/btsircad/article/view/101312 Takahashi, S. (2015). Shadowing as a Technique for Improving English Pronunciation: A Case Study.

D. Shomahmudovaeffective methods for learning English as a second language https://www.grnjournal.us/index.php/STEM/article/download/7011/6781/12343 

THE ROLE OF COGNATES IN LINGUISTICS: COGNATES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Khasanova Azizabonu

Uzbek State University of World Languages

Email: xasanovaazizakhon06@gmail.com

Abstract

Cognates play a very crucial role in every language’s linguistics. Therefore, when we want to learn some languages or compare ours to other languages we definitely come across them during our learning journey. The concept of cognates can be found in nearly all languages, since languages are interrelated and, in many instances, words are transferred or adapted from one language to another, resulting in the emergence of cognates.

Keywords: Modern information technologies, interactive learning, e-learning, digital transformation, education quality.

If the history of cognate is discussed, etymology dictionaries trace present-day words to the oldest forms available, establish their primary meanings and give the parent form reconstructed by means of the comparative-historical method. In case of borrowings they point out the immediate source of borrowing, its origin, and parallel forms in cognate languages.

1. Cognate awareness One method of building vocabulary among English-language learners whose language share capitalize on students’ first-language knowledge (August et al.2005). Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Students often can draw on their knowledge of words in their native language to figure out the meanings of cognates in English. Because of their common Latin and Greek roots, as well as the close connections between English and the Romance languages, English and Spanish share a large number of cognate pairs. Not only in Romance or English languages but also in Uzbek we can see some cognates

2. Cognates in English and Uzbek  languages          ENGLISH                UZBEK      EXPLANATION Radio    Radio Same form, same meaning. Taxi     Taxi Similar pronunciation  and meaning. Doctor     Doctor Similar pronunciation and same meaning .Video Video Same pronunciation and same meaning. Virus Virus same form, different pronunciation. Bank Bank Same form, same meaning Hacker Haker Slightly different form, same meaning (loanword from same root) Menu Menyu Different form, same pronunciation and meaning. Mini Mini Same form and meaning. Idea Ideya Different pronunciation, same meaning. Season Sezon Slightly different pronunciation, same meaning Zebra Zebra Same form, same meaning. Cobra Kobra Same form, same meaning. Museum Muzey Different pronunciation, same meaning.

Types of cognates in English language: Actually the main types of cognates are true cognates, near-perfect cognates and false cognates. In true cognates have a identical spelling and similar meaning, but in perfect cognates have slightly different spelling but similar meaning, in false cognates have similar spelling but different meaning. Some classifications also include accidental cognates (which are words that are similar by chance), and partial cognates (which are may share a root not all affixes.

Conclusion To sum up the findings, it is clear that English and Uzbek share many type of cognates that reflect cultural and linguistic exchange. Words such as radio, computer, virus ,taxi demonstrates how global communication and scientific progress have influenced modern vocabulary.

References1.R.S.Ginzburg.A modern course in modern English lexicology.2.Agniezska Otwinowska. Cognate vocabulary in language acquisition and Use. 3. https://semantjournals.org/index.php/AJBP. 4.Cognate in foreign language learning: A cognitive and Linguodidactic perspective  by  Natalia Oberste-Berghaus(2025) 5.uz.wikipedia.uz

Azizabonu Xasanova was born on November 22,2006 in Buloqboshi district, Andijan region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No.43 specialized for English and Mathematics.She has achieved remarkable success in her studies and extracurricular activities. In 2022, she won a competition organized by the Muloqot channel, as a result of which her CEFR exam will be fully funded by the government.As a result, she successfully earned a B2 level certificate with a score of 58 points.

Currently, she is continuing her bachelor’s degree at the Uzbekistan State World Languages of University, majoring in English Philology. She participate in regularly in some projects like University Pride, Kitoblarim Yuzi and others. As a second year student She has successfully transitioned from a self-funded (contract) student to receiving a 50% university grant this year. This achievement not only reflects her academic excellence but also provides her with significant financial support to continue her studies more comfortably.

Azizabonu Xasanova is an enthusiastic student with a deep interest in languages and cultural communication.

Why People Remember Pain More Than Joy

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna, Student of English Filology Faculty,

UZSWLU.Email:zamiramoldiyeva219@gmail.com

Abstract: Human beings are emotional creatures, shaped not only by logic but also by feelings. Among all emotions, pain seems to stay in memory longer than joy. While moments of happiness are often bright but short-lived, painful experiences leave deep emotional and psychological traces that can last for years. This paper examines the biological, psychological, and social reasons why pain dominates human memory. It also explores how modern technology and lifestyle reinforce this tendency, and suggests ways to help people cultivate stronger, more lasting positive memories. Understanding this pattern is essential for improving emotional well-being and developing a more balanced perception of life.

Keywords: Pain, Joy, Human Memory, Psychology, Emotion, Neuroscience, Well-being

Introduction Every human being has both happy and painful memories. Yet, when we try to recall the past, painful experiences often appear sharper and more vivid than joyful ones. A simple question arises: why do we remember pain more than joy? Scientists, psychologists, and philosophers have long been interested in this phenomenon. From an evolutionary standpoint, pain plays an important survival role — it teaches us what to avoid.

For example, a person remembers the pain of touching a hot stove much longer than the pleasure of a warm meal. Psychologically, negative experiences create stronger emotional responses, which strengthen memory. Socially and emotionally, pain connects people through empathy and shared struggles, while happiness is often seen as personal and fleeting. This paper aims to discuss these aspects in detail — the biological reasons behind emotional memory, the emotional and social dimensions of pain, and the influence of modern society on how we remember and process our experiences.

Discussion 1. The Psychological and Biological Factors From a psychological perspective, the brain treats pain as a warning signal. According to research by Baumeister and colleagues (2001), negative experiences have a stronger impact on the brain because they trigger survival mechanisms. When a person experiences pain, the amygdala — the part of the brain that handles emotional processing — sends a powerful signal to the hippocampus, which then stores the memory more deeply. This means that even a single painful moment can form a permanent memory, while joy, which does not involve threat or fear, is stored more lightly. Furthermore, emotional pain and physical pain activate similar areas of the brain. When people recall a painful breakup or failure, the same brain regions that respond to physical injury become active. This overlap explains why emotional suffering feels so intense and long-lasting. Positive emotions, on the other hand, are often short and less urgent; the brain does not treat them as critical for survival.

2. The Emotional and Social Dimensions Pain also has a deep emotional and social meaning. When people experience loss, rejection, or failure, they often reflect deeply on it — trying to understand why it happened. This reflection leads to emotional learning but also strengthens the painful memory. Joy, however, is rarely examined with the same intensity. We celebrate, smile, and move on. Because we replay pain more often in our minds, it becomes stronger and more permanent. From a social perspective, pain can even create unity. People connect more easily over shared struggles than over shared happiness. Comforting someone, expressing empathy, or discussing hardships make emotional bonds deeper. Happiness, in contrast, is individual and temporary — it is felt but not always shared in depth. This difference also influences which memories our brains choose to preserve.

3. The Influence of Modern Life In today’s fast-paced, competitive, and digital world, our attention is constantly pulled toward negative information. Social media, for example, emphasizes perfection and comparison, which often increases feelings of inadequacy and emotional stress. News outlets focus on tragedies more than positive stories, training our minds to pay attention to pain. As a result, many people unconsciously strengthen their negative memories. When we constantly compare ourselves to others or worry about the future, we relive emotional pain again and again. Over time, this makes painful experiences even more powerful in memory. However, the human brain is flexible. Positive experiences can also become long-lasting if we learn to pay attention to them. Practicing gratitude, keeping a “happiness journal,” and focusing on the present moment can train the brain to store joyful experiences more deeply. Mindfulness and reflection can balance the emotional weight between pain and joy.

4. A Balanced View of Memory Remembering pain is not a weakness — it is part of being human. Pain teaches us caution, wisdom, and empathy. Yet, focusing only on painful memories can distort our perception of life. The healthiest approach is to remember both pain and joy equally. Pain shows where we have been, while joy shows where we can go. By consciously practicing positive recall — such as recalling moments of success, gratitude, and love — people can reshape their emotional memory.

Conclusion Pain remains stronger in memory because it protects us and helps us learn, while joy fades quickly because it poses no threat to our survival. Still, this natural imbalance can be corrected. Humans have the power to train their minds to remember positive emotions with equal strength. Cultivating gratitude, engaging in positive reflection, and surrounding oneself with uplifting people can all help in creating a more emotionally balanced memory. In essence, remembering pain more than joy is a sign of growth and awareness — but true wisdom lies in giving both emotions their place. Pain teaches us lessons, but joy gives us reasons to live them.

References:1. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323–370.2. LeDoux, J. (2012). The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Simon & Schuster.3. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.4. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Crown Publishers.5. Schacter, D. L. (1999). The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience. American Psychologist, 54(3), 182–203.6. Siegel, D. J. (2012). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. Guilford Press.7. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.