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Examine close reading of Sylvia Plath’s poems “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” with critical perspectives and textual references in association with the thesis statement that “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” both rebel coercion confinement of patriarchy and misogyny.
(Image of Sylvia Plath, young white woman with brown hair and eyes, yellow v-neck sweater, red lipstick and a headband)
Examine close reading of Sylvia Plath’s poems “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” with critical perspectives and textual references in association with the thesis statement that “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” both rebel coercion and confinement of patriarchy and misogyny.
Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” are conical works of transcendentalist American feminism posthumously anthologized in the poetry collection Ariel in 1965. American poetesses’ egotistical individuality and romanticist fantasy of selfhood quest crusading the forces of sublimity is universally foreshadowed by the phenomenal poems. Gloom and doom, dark humour and black humour engender the motifs of revenge and memory through mythologization, poeticization, psychologization, romanticization and/or fantasization in these quasi-confessional and quasi autobiographical elegies.
“Lady Lazarus” is a vindication of the temptation of fate as implied in the poetical rhetorics: “Herr God, Herr Lucifer”/ “Beware/ Beware”. Epiphanic voice of the romanticist egomaniacal heroine of femininity is reflected in the biblical figuration of the transformative poetess. The resurrectionist figuration is an avenging phoenix that transcends the contemporary recalcitrant barriers of race, class, ethnicity, gender, nationality and culture[al] stereotyp[ical]es expectations of the hackneyed microcosm. This overarching feminist emancipation salvages herself by historicizing in the hyperbolic figurative tropes foreshadowing: “Out of the ash/ I rise with my red hair/ And I eat men like air.” Etherealism and surrealism surmounts in the reincarnation and resurrection impresarios of “Lady Lazarus”.
On the contrary, “Daddy” was merely the first jet of flames from a literary dragon, who in the last years of her life breathed a burning river of bale across the literary landscape. “Daddy” is a subversive indictment of overarching feminism harbouring cantankerousness and obstreperousness against patriarchal dominance. “Daddy, daddy, you bastard. I’m through…” is the culmination of a matriarchal feminist stance of the woman poet in accord with the second and third wave of feminism epochs. American poetess Sylvia Plath’s invocation of fascism and nazism is entwined in the impresario that she envisions witnessing renderings of holocaust Nazi cremation of the extermination in concentration camps and the associated violence and trauma of survivialhood. This documentary testament bears antisemitism as projected by the figurative tropes: “my skin/bright as a Nazi lampshade” and “my face…/… Jewish linen”.
Quintessential poetry of the grotesquery of suffering and vulnerability are starkly evident in both the poems. In comparison, both of these poems are embodiments of empowered femininity through canonical works of women writing. “Lady Lazarus” fictional character and poetic personae reawakens and resurrects the graveyard tombed femininity in avenging the suicidal despair—-”It’s a theatrical comeback in broadway” echoes and resonates the revenge fantasy of impulsive and ironwilled “Lady Lazarus’s” femininity—a noteworthy exploration of second and third wave feminism. In contrast, “Daddy” disempowers patriarchal subjectivity of the object of male gaze, which views womanhood and femininity as commodities of objectification and fetishization.
“And a head in the freakish Atlantic/ Where it pours bean-green over blue/ In the waters of the beautiful Nauset”. Elegiac diatribe imperils the fatherly figure’s imperious and domineering spirits: closure of relationship; association to racism of antisemitism: furtherance to the testament of burgeoning and full fledged feminist movements. In a nutshell, “Daddy” is a melodramatic treasure hunt of communion of torture, trauma, massacre, sacrifical martyrdom and survivalist victimhood. Cultural appropriation of the imaginary Plathian canonical homeland casts a role as the subversive counter cultural feminine speaking back to the dominant masculinist authoritarianism and hegemony. Moreover, obituary and elegy of the electra complex critiquing the fascist vampiric perpetrator’s predatoriness as morbidly entrenched within the masculinist domain. Perceptive subjectivity of being deported to the Holocaust concentration camp is envisioned and foretold by the metaphors of apocalyptic gloom and doom as embodied by the wretchedness and viciousness of fathers and husbands in general. Despite the heritage of the dictatorial regime and patriarchal misogyny, “Every woman adores a fascist” … “And get back, back, back to you.”
“Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” voices puritanical spirits of protest against rigidified and terroristic visions of male power and masculinist authority. These poems canonize themselves as transgressive dialects transforming invisibility to visibility and private as public.
Further Reading, References, Endnotes and Podcasts
Stripped Cover Lit Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath Poetry Discussion: Summary, Analysis, Interpretation, Review
A Lecture on Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” and “Daddy” John Pistelli
American Literature | Sylvia Plath: analysis of “Daddy” | Poem analysis Ad Maiora
83.7K subscribers
Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath in 8 minutes Simon Andrew
1.23K subscribers
Daddy by Silvia Plath Simon Andrew 1.23K subscribers
Review – Lady Lazarus (Sylvia Plath) – Patron Poem
Stripped Cover Lit
14K subscribers
Sylvia Plath, Cliffs Notes on American Poets of the 20th Century Mary Ellen Snodgrass, M.A. University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Lincoln, Nebraska, pp. 211-217, 2000.
“Daddy” Jacqueline Rose, Bloom’s Modern Critical Views: Sylvia Plath (2007), Bloom’s Literary Criticism, pp. 38-51
Chapter Title: Plath’s Bodily Ego Restaging the Sublime, Book Title: Women Poets and the American Sublime, Joanne Feit Diehl, Indiana University Press (1990) pp. 1-32
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Charles Griffin, a philosophy professor, is challenged by Adam, one of his students, over his unruly behaviour while lecturing. Though Charles is unhappy lecturing by the books, Adam’s challenge becomes the inspiration behind his nascent philosophy.
