Vollmann’s Poor People slightly altered

Soot covered woman of the burned land, Madagascar
Homeless camp under the freeway, Miami
People and streetscapes, Riverton, Oregon
Office cleaning lady just off work with Colonel Sanders
	(life-sized statue) Bangkok 
“I think they are poor” venerable white-haired man begging, 
	Beijing
Congolese beggar boy, dressed in filthy rags
Unknown street sleepers
Man in rubble of destroyed home
Man with photo and deed to his destroyed home
Garbage lady, Nanking
Panorama of box houses, Tokyo
Beggar in full body burqa like an angel of death, Yemen
Streetwalker in burqa approaching a rickshaw, Peshawar
Homeless man reading a newspaper in park, Tokyo
Three drunks, Nome, Alaska
Beggar girl with deformed nose
Beggar pretending to be armless, Bangkok
Family in front of their bullet pocked house, Congo
Snarling beggar, Bogotá
Man with crooked face, Bogota 
“Donate here to get me out of your neighborhood” placard, 
	Oregon
Afghan boys playing in wrecked Soviet plane, Afghanistan
Afternoon on Ave de la Mort, Brazzaville


 
Operation Crossroads 1948: Bikinis, a journal, extracted

As culled from the journals of forward observer
	Of Bikini Island tests, Dr. David Bradley, in
	his book , NO PLACE TO HIDE


“In the three years of the “atomic age,” five bombs
(or is it six?) have been exploded. On only these last 
two or three have men been prepared to study and
record the findings under anything like controlled
conditions.”

“This morning the surface (of the ocean) was
scattered over with tiny floating jellyfish, or baby
men-o-wars. Delicate, diaphanous creatures, they
look like blown cherry blossoms on a windy lawn
of the Pacific.”

“By the nature of our work almost everything we know
is potentially dangerous.”

“Actually, of course, there will never be any great control
of ideas concerned with atomic energy, the principles
have already spread like an epidemic.”

“Lectures on physics have given way to the practical
business of the detection of radioactivity.”

“It will be difficult to convince people of the dangers 
of radiation.”

“The persistent power of the bomb after it has exploded is
its greatest menace.”

“They(the old and wise) doze a moment in the sun and
wake up on fire.”

 

Sante’s Evidence

“Traces of innumerable human beings lost to history
once and for all, without monuments or descendants
or living record.”

“A copy of a Black Hand threat letter, decorated with
obscene drawings.”
“An enigmatic set of shots, from various angels of
a man’s right hand with two thumbs.”
“Magnified  views of pieces of jewelry and barely
decipherable snapshots.”
“Studies of urinals at different (police) station houses.”
“Locations: bedrooms, bars, back alleys, vacant lots,
storerooms, hovels hallways”
“You do not have to be glamorous to meet a violent end.”

“Objects of interest, at least momentarily, taken together,
they become stills from a film, a nightmare, ride from room
to room in the small hours.”
“These subjects are constantly in the process towards
obliteration.”
“These photographs-as evidence, they are mere artless
records, concerned with the details…they are the book-
keeping entries, with no transfiguring mission, and serve 
death.”
“We are breaking a taboo as old as the practice of shutting
the eyes of cadavers and weighing down their lids.”
“Photography like death, interrupts life.”
“The more empty the photograph, the more it will imply 
horror.”
“Empty photographs have no reason to be except to show
that which cannot be shown.”
“Evidence is a magnet for the random.”
“You do not have to be glamorous to meet a violent end.”

 
Julia Solis’ New York Underground: the Anatomy of a City,
	in text and photographs with occasional commentary

Inside the Croton Aqueduct (like The Thing from Outer Space)
Roots (like veins) inside the long-abandoned Croton Aqueduct
Rebuilding the foundation of 7 World Trade Center
A manhole cover leading to a branch of Croton Aqueduct (like
	a portal to the outer circles of hell)
Sealed water pipes to a branch of Ridgewood Reservoir 
	with graffiti, Brooklyn
The gate chamber on the Bronx side of High Bridge (with 
	standing water and garbage)
Inside a storm drain Queens

Ghost Stations:
City Hall station abandoned retaining some of its former glory
Abandoned  91st street station with elaborate graffiti
Sealed staircase lower-level City Hall station
Remnant of obsolete trolley station Essex and Delancy
Long abandoned Croton Aqueduct well on its way to being 
	reclaimed by nature
Virginal track segment, never used
Ghostly staircase eastern end of Lexington Ave. station
Ground Zero October 2001
Long after last transport, a gurney in a tunnel, Seaview Hospital
Mattresses piled in deteriorating heaps in basement of a mental
	hospital
Obsolete freight track, Hell’s Kitchen
Long forgotten abandoned burial crypts
The central aisle of the crypt of St. Patrick’s cathedral



 
A Plague of Souls: Contemporary (Mostly) Japanese Noir 

Devotion of Suspect X
Tokyo Nights
Hotel Lucky Seven
Sleeping Dragon
All She Was Worth
In the Miso Soup
Coin Locker Baby
The Devil’s Flute
Slow Fuse
Three Assassins
Bullet Train
Crossfire
Grotesque
Real World
Out
Winter Sleep
Almost Transparent Blue
The Memory Police
Village of Eight Graves
 


		Freud

On Aphasia
Interpretation of Dreams
Secret Memories
The Future of Illusion
The Ego and the ID
Jokes and Their Relationship to the Unconscious
The Psychology of Everyday Life
“Civilized” Sexual Morality and Modern Illness
The Most Prevalent Form of Degradation of Erotic Life
Mourning and Melancholy Civilization and Its Discontents
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
Medusa’s Head
Totem and Taboo: Resemblances between the psychic lives 
	of savages and neurotics
Reflections on War and Death
A Case of Paranoia Running Counter to the Psychic Analytic 
	theory of disease
Case Studies: 	Dora
		Little Hans
		Rat Man
		Wolfman
Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious	
 

Brutal (Soviet) Bloc Post Cards

“Ideas are more powerful than guns.
We would not let our enemies have
guns, why should we let them have ideas?
	Joseph Stalin

Monument to Builders of the Volga Power Station 1967
Worker and Collective Farm Women (statues) circa 1960’s
(Literal) Flower of Life (concrete sculpture) 1968
Monument to the Conquerors of Near Universe 1988
Monument to the Conquerors of Space (glass ellipse) 1964
A Special Sign at the entrance to the city, Brest, 
	(indescribable)  1987
Memory of Military Glory, Moldavia 1983
Karl Marx Monument, Tashkent, 1980 (Flyaway concrete hair)
Kulpenberg TV Tower (“beehive” on concrete tower)
Avala TV Tower, Belgrade (pointed as a needle)
Slovak Tower Building, Bratislava 1983 (inverted pyramid)
Brotherly Mound, Hillock of Fraternity Memorial Complex, 
	Bulgaria 1980
Museum of the revolution, Lithuania SSR 1980
Obelisk of Glory, Modavic, 1972
Concrete arch known as Andropov’s Ears, Tbilisi, Georgia 1983
Museum to the Defenders of the Caucasian Mountain Passes,
	1983 (Concrete henges rising)
Monuments to the heroic Sailors of the Black Sea, 1971
All-Terrain Vehicle Monument to the Pioneers 1987
Broken Ring Monument, Lake Lagoda, 1966
Monument to the Communists Who Died in September
	1923 Uprising, Bulgaria
Alyosha Monument to the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic,
	Murmansk, 1986
Armenian Genocide Memorial Cemetery Complex 1967
The Sash of Glory, Odessa 1975 (glorious silhouette carved 
	From concrete)
The Constinesti Obelisk-Constinesti Beach, 1970 (White 
	Polished marblesque, whatever on the beach front)
Star Monument Kharkiv, Ukraine 1975
Monument to the executed partisans, Yugoslavia
Arch of Diversity, monument dedicated to the unification
	Of the USSR and Ukraine 1982

shedding ten-thousand shipworms of worry

skip the low-interest, multi-step directions...  
I've a better chance of deciphering
the Voynich manuscript

swallowtail   guess what I was about to say

even though the complex probability amplitudes are against me, ‘Moon Ra’

tic convulsif…  elder brother’s son home from war

let them use the glitter

heads bowed in the next yard, requiem for a woo woo

kids blowing bubbles in a world without end

he was a nervous talker, 
who punished wide-eyed historians
with Roman forecasts

she preferred he accept a non-speaking part

graciously receiving morning salutations from the thundercloud tree

hard as I tried, the infinite series continued right on out of the back of my flat head

the voiced and unvoiced consonants that happened in the front of the room

Patrick Sweeney is a short-form poet and a devotee of the public library.

We wish a very happy Father’s Day to everyone who will celebrate this month! Creativity is an act of fathering, of providing, protecting, nurturing, and raising, as much as birthing works.

Also, at the request of many contributors, we are sharing ways writers and artists can lend a hand to different places in the world.

Literary Ways to Help Ukraine

Engin Program, Online English-speaking conversation partners for Ukrainian youth

Donate to Help Ukrainian Books make grants to librarians and booksellers

Literary Ways to Help Haiti

Children’s book donations through Friends of Humanity

Volunteer virtually with Partners in Literacy Haiti

Now, for our second June 2024 issue, we return to the basics of many human stories: life, love, and death.

Z.I. Mahmud explicates how Zeffirelli’s film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet captures the violent and tumultuous atmosphere of the romance. Shuhratova Shaxina praises the clarity of feeling in the writings of Alexander Feinberg as Prasannakumar Dalai illuminates strong, plaintive bursts of feelings of romance and lament.

David Sapp recollects a childhood crush and his mother’s early rebellion against gender roles. Jacques Fleury rebels against the racism and class prejudice against marginalized writers. Aziza Saparbaeva takes pride in her home village and how the people fought for freedom, and Muntasir Mamun Kiron offers up an elegy for the bold warriors who founded Bangladesh.

Ibrahimov Saidakbar outlines the historical accomplishments of Uzbek writer Gafur Ghulam as Zeboxon Akmalova speaks to children’s education and the potential of children and Sadoquat Begamova talks about methods for education of visually impaired young people. Sharipov Ubaydullojon outlines the basics of German linguistics, Narzulloyeva Munisa Bakhromovna highlights the good parts of the Internet but offers a caution against obsession, and Zamira Hakimova explores the etymological roots of the terms Uzbeks use to talk about financial processes as Mamatazimov Kabiljon outlines principles of mechanical safety for workers in industrial plants.

Gulsanam Qurbonova writes about finding the motivation to achieve one’s goals as Amir Hamza describes a lonely boy who rises to the occasion to save lives. Bruce Roberts reflects on the artistic self-assertion embodied in Michelangelo’s David as Xidirova Mahliyo offers a patriotic celebration of her country. Christopher Bernard’s riddle poem invites speculation while drawing on history and myth as Alan Catlin confabulates historical and artistic images into poetry.

Mark Young concocts images combining text and different sorts of shapes, lines, and colors for visual effect as J.D. Nelson links words together into fragmentary monostich poems. Brian Le Lay plays with sound and thought in hay (na) kus that seem bilingual or trans-lingual.

Gregg Norman’s poetic speaker grapples with weather, with what humans cannot control. Graciela Noemi Villaverde’s poem explores feelings of waiting and watching, for the return of hope or a lover. Faleeha Hassan compares writers’ block to the abandonment of a lover. Elmaya Jabbarova evokes the mystery, wonder, and unpredictability of love and happiness. Dr. Jernail S. Anand illuminates how much our world is beyond humans’ influence as John Grey contributes humorous reflections on being stuck, staying or escaping with your mind. Hatamova Charos poetically longs for chamomile and the cities of Oman that are lost to her.

Kathleen Hulser speculates on matter remaining as it transforms, suggesting that it is okay to declutter and let go of things. Sushama Kasbekar looks at an old tea set to comment on the constant flow of time and on enjoying what you have while you can. Audrija Paul reflects on the tragedy of love and life nearly lost while Taylor Dibbert reminds us that life after tragedy can be strangely uneventful.

Susie Gharib captures the world-weariness of 2020, full of war and disease, as Mykyta Ryzhykh highlights the world’s tender questions and contradictions and J.J. Campbell recollects a search for love amidst the brutality of those who should have cared for him. For Joan McNerney, the “world is too much with us,” too tiring, scary, and complex, and she finds comfort in the mysteries of nature. Jasmina Rahmatullayeva explores the psychology underlying acts of criminal violence, Dr. Jernail S. Anand laments the selfishness in too many people’s love, and Bill Tope’s protagonist realizes as an adult that his childhood friend was being abused.

Michaila Oberhoffer explores the role social conditioning plays in our emotions in her book The Roots of John’s Happiness. Irodaxon Ibragimova speculates on where we can find happiness and offers gratitude for it. Azimjon Toshpulatov’s hopeful poem asserts that she will find joy one day.

Rachel Gorman-Cooper explores our primal hungers as Jim Meirose provides a humorous take on humans’ deciding everything by committee. Nahyean Taronno begins a horror tale where humans must work together to overcome primal fears and escape the threat of the unknown.

Brian Barbeito idly speculates on life on a horse ranch as Isabel Gomes de Diego sends up photographs of direct encounters with nature and Kylian Cubilla Gomes highlights the subtle and obvious ways we work with and regulate nature. Munnavar Boltayeva urges us to save the environment as Zulfiqurova Muslima discusses pollution of the Aral Sea and the need for restoration and O’razaliyeva Charos revels in the joy of the spring. Terry Trowbridge plays with syntax enough to restore a feeling of wonder at nature.

Duane Vorhees talks about sensual Southern European love, nature, politics and beach life. Norman J. Olson reminisces on a recent European cruise he took with his wife that inspired poetry and sketches. Easa Hossain remembers the green farmland of his home village with nostalgia. Shafkat Aziz Hajam shares regrets over lost love as Daniel De Culla visits a museum exhibit on dinosaurs and speculates on the ghosts in Spain’s past.

Allison Grayhurst offers a tribute to her mother, a very slow, gentle, realistic take on death and caregiving, accompanied by a photo of the sky on each of her mother’s last days. Yuldashev Jumanazar Muradjanovich relates a tale of love that lasts until death while Bill Tope explicates how war can break up families and the extent we can go for love.

Awodele Habeeb claims that the devil and death will not have the final word as Michael Robinson takes comfort in faith and forgiveness. Lidia Popa comments on how humans throughout time have turned to faith to process our feelings about death.

Sandy Rochelle calls us to let go and rest and let life carry us on the winds of change as Michael Stewart gives gentle encouragement to rest, let life take its course. Michelle Reale speaks to an intuitive and spiritual relationship between a father and daughter as Kristy Raines revels in wonder at the tenderness of love. Mesfakus Salahin rests content in an eternal love as Mirta Liliana Ramirez depicts a moment of passion made possible because people trust and feel safe with each other. Dr. Maheshwar Das finds tender joy in faith and birdsong as Anindya Pal offers a sensual tale of rain and love and Don Bormon meditates on the soft and gentle promise of sunrise.

Dilnoza Xusanova highlights the example of compassion in Ahmed Lutfiy Kazanchi’s novel Stepmother. Mukhammadova Mushtaryibegim Otabekovna praises the value and high calling of motherhood. Yuldasheva Xadichaxon’s essay explicates true friendship as Makhzuna Habibova’s poem reflects the exquisite emotions of love and Sevinch Nusratullayevna praises the virtue of kindness. Nigar Nurulla Khalilova rejoices in a love that has overcome major obstacles and stood the test of time. Maja Milojkovic urges people to turn towards caring for each other, starting with gentle inner attitudes. Mahbub Alam celebrates the community and joy created by the Muslim feast and festival of Eid as Nosirova Gavhar remembers an afternoon where she baked and enjoyed mint pie with her mom and grandmother and Muslima Murodova speaks to the healing power of bread cooked with a family’s love.

Thank you for your kindness and consideration in reading our publication. We invite you to leave words of encouragement for the authors and artists.

PETRICHOR

Jumanazar Yuldash

‘I beg you, please never leave me alone…’

He unintentionally whispered as he held his wife’s hands both firmly and in a kindly way, and he rubbed them on his eyes. Having heard this crying-like exclamation the patient who used to be groaning a minute before regained consciousness. She caressed hair of her husband who was kindly kissing and rubbing her hand on his forehead.

‘Oh how can I quit you, my madman?’

The man who went into ecstasy of seeing his wife’s consciousness automatically kissed her forehead.

‘Just recently doctor was here. He said that you would not wake up in a short time. However, thanks to my God, my prayers seem to be reached to him’.

A weak smile appeared on the pale face of woman. Afterwards for some reason she sighed and army of thoughts conquered her mind.

‘You… never ask for my recovery’ she said utilizing all strength she possessed.

‘Why you are uttering these words?’ the man shocked.

‘Because… I do not know why but for some reason God does not gave us what we asked for but the very opposite one. For instance, now you absolutely want me to live but maybe until tomorrow I will have been perished and fairies will be dancing around my spirit in the heavens’.

‘What should I do then? See, you are in a bad situation and I simply cannot keep calm without paying attention. At least I must pray for your sake’.

‘You would better… ask for my death’.

The situation was really uncomfortable for the husband and even it cannot be described with the help of words unless the reader have been in a such situation. Inclining his head, he was completely dumbfounded by the last utterance. From his condition it was possible to know that he was imagining his life alone. Finally, he managed to say a word:

‘Do not repeat this anymore…’

Apparently, woman suddenly realized that she started talking about unhappiness, therefore she did all her best to explain what was the real meaning of her words.

‘I assume that you misunderstood me. I do not choose passing away, contrarily, I want to live, only to live happily with you, my lover, and I can imagine my future in the dim: you and I shall hand-in-hand go to forest after the rain to collect mushrooms, with a wide smile in our faces. Yes, I can see the very scene! Yes! 

A light, tired but happy smile appeared on her pale white face which had been revived a bit but still showing traces of illness. With the most sudden and hopeful gaze she stared outside the window. Due to the fact that her place was inconvenient to look outside, she intended to see the view standing up on her feet. Unfortunately, hands of her husband did not let her move.

‘Please, look at the window. Haven’t it rained recently?’

‘It haven’t rained since you are in bed. Why are you asking?’

‘Honestly, I wish it was raining right now and we could go to collect mushrooms together. But I don’t know the reason. Give me a word, please, shall we go to the forest when I recover from illness?’

‘I promise you, darling. We will go as soon as you are well, but please, get over your illness as soon as possible. Your contemporary condition is the most unbelievable pain for me, darling’.

‘Why you are always being pessimistic, as I said you, I will never let you stay in this world alone. It is not my fate. Let us change the theme, I don’t know why but I am really eager to converse with you’.

Now for the first time a couple of loving hearts felt the initial sweetness of ecstatic moments after surviving prolonged days of misfortune and these moments seemed not to come to an end forever. While dreaming about endless delight a man always lets his painful breath out unintentionally; the whole world, especially, his lovely friends look very gorgeous to his eyes and at that time he will be ready to do anything for his friends.

Now the husband was staring at his wife with the same happy and positive gaze that he suddenly realized it was impossible to stop himself from expressing his feelings.

‘A conversation?’ he questioned holding her hands firmly. ‘Darling, if only you had known that not only conversing with you, but deserving your attention also is the biggest joy for me. Oh, if only you had known that, dear!’

He put palm of his woman on his chest as if he was intending to let her listen his heart beats. But woman pulled his hand back with a quick act as if she touched the fireplace and stared at him smiling mildly.

Eyes could not help looking at each other’s deepest sides and lovers smiled at the same time.

‘I know, even I know very well and every morning I thank God that I am not a blind one. Do you know why I do so? Because God had not deprived me to see you’.

‘Oh darling… We are extremely happy! Have you ever thought whether there are others who are as much contented as we are? If yes, how many of them exists? Very few or so many in quantity?’

‘To my mind, probably there are not any blissful couple except us’.

They both laughed with joy. Husband stared at somewhere so long. Those who had tasted the real happiness and those who had realized what a magic it is usually dwell in the same way: with a smile in their lips, staring at one particular point as if they are obliged to look at that side forever or like a thinker who aimed to reveal all the secrets hidden in that tiny area of room they gaze. In this period of staring, for sure, others’ opinions on happiness seem very interesting to them.

‘For you what is the happiness itself?’ he asked keeping on staring at the same point.

After a while he accidentally recognized what he had said, so he felt somehow embarrassed from his question.

‘You may consider that question as a ridiculous and childish one. But please, do not be shocked, do not be disappointed from me for giving you this kind of weary question. Simply this question came to my mind and I transformed it to my speech. You do not need to answer it’.

‘No, I answer with all my heart. The only thing surprised me is your embarrassment. Because this question should be asked from everyone. It is the greatest question in this world. I commended it a lot, sorry, now I have to answer to this properly. For me every breathe I take is happiness, my ability to cry, to laugh and to see is the great joy, and in general, my existence is happiness. Everything related to me in this world is delight. Breathing in the fresh air, listening to the song of birds, lying underneath the initial beams of sunlight, watching the flight of beautiful butterflies, smelling lovely perfume of flowers – all things I have mentioned is happiness, I even consider pain and sorrow as a type of joy’. Having finished her speech, woman looked at her partner who was analyzing his thought. At that moment she found herself eligible to repeat this question. ‘So, how would you answer it yourself?’

‘I can only state my answer in short. Your existence and your belonging to me is happiness. Right, I am madly devoted to you, darling. I adore you even though you hate me as you hated the most awful man in the world. Maybe my words seem very simple to you. But I want you to know this: you are second half of me. I cannot be perfect without you’.

Woman broke into laughter unintentionally.

‘You spoke like…’ she said and paused for a while. She understood that continuation of her words would harm her husband’s soul.

‘Like what?’ he asked seriously. His facial expression revealed that he was eager to hear the rest of her speech.

‘You spoke like a fake lover!’

Woman smiled sweetly. Her husband once looked at her and then he aimed his glaze at the window.

‘It is still cloudy…’ he said with a sick voice.

His spouse was still staring at him regretfully. Husband had already realized this, however he went on looking at the window intentionally.

‘Look at me’ said she. And he obeyed. ‘I let you down, I know…’ she held his hands and kissed them. ‘Sorry… Please, forgive me…’

He, as well, replied to his wife by holding her hands.

‘No, I am not upset with you. I never be sad because I am not allowed to be sad’ he smiled to prove his words. ‘Do you know, it was not your words, but my own behavior offended me. My attitude and ridiculous sample-like words seemed to you like an artificial one, so it is my own fault, not yourself. I cannot hide waves of feelings I have. I really want to express all the words I possess in my heart. I want to share all the joy and all the sorrow I have with you. Therefore, I reveal you my secrets’.

‘Forgive me for offending your soul, I am so sorry…’

‘No! Please do not say that feel sorry. I am not allowed to be angry with you. It is sin’. He kept a bit silence. ‘Do you know, God lavished us with a great joy. All we have to do is to deserve this joy and enjoy it. Now imagine, if you carry on quarreling and offending each other without any reason, if we do not stop asking for forgiveness, how God will again bless us?  He would be upset from our ungrateful attitude. I am afraid of this… I am afraid of living these happy days no more. I am worried that God might possibly retake what he gave us. If I tell you, I have read a book yesterday. The author of that book was a person who denied the God. A minute, please…’ he quickly stood up and took a book with red cover from the shelf. ‘It consisted of such frustrating things that I shocked while reading. Surely it is written by a murderer of happiness’ he started reading the lines which he highlighted before:

“I cannot spend all my life fearing of Great Creator who supposed to be able to deprive me from happiness I have. I would rather live unhappily or die. God wants us to live in fear. He is an egoist. The best way is to disobey his rules and to pass away” – ‘I cannot read more. These are words of a wicked person who teaches to quit bright side and leads people to the darkness. Can it be really true that people follow him and accept his thoughts?  Isn’t it a whole of malice, it is? How this person, whose words stink the smell of secularism and materialism, can be able to someone’s attitude towards the life. God will never punish those who are not grateful of their happiness. God is the most generous one. He only wants to give people all the best things because whoever in this world want to harm his or her own children? He will forgive all of our sins if we understand and feel sorry for what we have done. He will even forgive this atheist author, if he feels really sorry. The greatest sin is to criticize openhanded God. But why he does not understand this?!’

‘Can you give me that book, please?’ suddenly she said.

She took the book handed to her and looked for a while. Flipping through the pages she started to read some pieces of it. The more he read, the more sadness and horror appeared on her face… Having read the last page, she closed the book and whispered something. She passed the book to her husband and turning her head back, said: ‘Let it burn…’

Man gazed at her astonishing, but he did what he ordered: he threw the book away to the fire. It started to burn better. Then he looked back at her. The woman accidentally became apathetic to everything, it was difficult to know exactly where she was looking at or what she was thinking about.

‘What you asked for while whispering?’ he asked. ‘I hope you haven’t asked for the death of author’ he laughed.

Now, hearing this sudden question she gained her consciousness and glared at him seriously. Man felt embarrassed at his weird and unlucky joke.

‘How can you assume that? How do I dare to ask for someone’s death?’

‘No, I was only joking, sorry’.

‘You said that you were not allowed to be upset from me. This rule not only works for you, but also for me. Therefore, no need to say sorry. I asked… I asked from God to forgive this sinner. I think, we don’t have to hate these kind of people. Contrarily, we must feel sorry for them. How cannot you feel sorry for those who failed to find the right path? They resemble to the yellow autumn leaves. If an evening breeze blows a bit, they abandon their branches. The reason why they sink in the ocean of sins is that they have lack of patience and ambition’.

Painful silence filled the room. They both were sadly thinking about something. At first husband recognized that there was inconvenience and found it very annoying.

‘Why we are keeping silent. See, we are happy people. Sadness does not fit us. Why not we cheer up or remember something. Because we are not this kind of individuals. What is the difference between us and unhappy people if we carry on keeping silence?’

‘You are right. We got even much sadder. But these kind of people…’

‘Okay, please, let’s stop discussing them. Because they are not related to our life in any way. Why not we look back on any of our more delightful times which are wort to remember. There is no need to think about this kind of issues while we have lots of sweet memories, I think. On the other hand, the world is getting much darker and darker day by day. All we have to do is to burn and tear up this darkness conquering the world.

‘Yes’ she said smiling.

Her husband did all his best to find any worth-to-remember story they had. It did not take a long time. He found what he wanted but it was not a story they both took part in but he was very impatient to tell her something he had had in her mind for long time. Unfortunately, he had no suitable situation to retell it. Now it was the very right time he wanted so he took his wife’s hands in order to let his words out.

‘Actually, I was going to speak about the funniest moments we had. But now I want to tell you something I was dwelling on for a long period. Do you still remember once we made a trip to mountain? At that time something unknown happened and weather turned bad. So as to find a dry shelter we had climbed up to the shanty on the peak of mountain. A wrinkled old man with grey hair had welcomed us. Even though he was not extremely glad to have guests, he did not seem so sad as well from our visit. He invited us to drop in. He even gave us a cup of tea and to towel to dry ourselves and took his sit in front of fireplace and went on reading a book. While we were sipping tea and conversing with each other he had glanced at us so many times both secretly and openly. When we talked about something interesting, he also had smiled and I think, our conversation was more intriguing than book for him. In order to behave as a polite man, he was pretending himself as if he was not listening to our discussion, however my eyes had recognized it already. For some reason the old man sighed while listening to our nostalgic memories. He put the book and gazed at hearth for a long time. He light of the fire revealed that he was hiding his tear drops on his face. He was whimpering with no sound. (You hadn’t recognized it.) At that time, to be honest, I felt very unusually embarrassed. I felt so sorry for an old man that… I contemplated that my future will duplicate this old man’s fate. Do you believe in seeing one’s future or past on another one’s life? I had seen… Then it ceased to rain. We abandoned his old house expressing our gratitude. I overthought about him. But I had not searched for him until I knew that I had to see him again. I had revisited that are to find him and investigated everywhere we stepped on. Unfortunately, I could find neither him nor his shanty. I don’t know why, but I wanted to tell you this…’ – he stared at somewhere for awhile – ‘I… I love you to death!’ As he was going to cry, put his face into the embrace of his wife, – ‘I… I…’ – he could not help himself stop crying, – ‘Why?… Why?’

Early drops of the tear appeared inside the woman’s eyes.   

‘It will never happen… Trust me, dear. Because I have told you…’

Suddenly thunderstorm broke out. Thick black clouds veiled the whole sky.

Woman hopefully looked at the window.

‘Look, my dear, it is raining…’

‘Yeah, it is raining’ he also stared hopefully.

They both glared at window for long, until it stopped raining. Despite they both were in tears they were trying to hide it from each other.

It was raining no more.

‘Can you help me stand up?’ she could not do it by herself so she asked for a help.

She went to the door counting on the shoulders of her helper. While walking she looked at her partner. He was trying to hide his eyes for some reason. His eyes were weeping. She paused for a while, wiped his eyes and smiled with sorrow. Then she took her basket.

‘Shall we go?’ she said happily.

‘Let’s go!’ her husband as well said in the same way, forgetting all the pains and tortures of his soul.

Laughing happily, they stepped into the wood spreading dewy petrichor.

2018

Translated from Uzbek into English by Shokhrukh Usmonov

  About the author

Jumanazar Yuldash was born in 1997 in the Khiva district, Kharezm, Uzbekistan. He is an undergraduate student of Philology and Uzbek Language faculty at Urgench State University. His stories were published on the pages of national press. His works were included in several collection such as “Song of the Rivers” (“Jilgʻalar qoʻshigʻi”), “Common hearts” (“Mushtarak dillar”), “Garden of Creativity” (“Ijod gulshani”). He is a participant of the  Zaamin seminar (2018). Winner of the creative festival “Spring of Uzbekistan II” (“Oʻzbekiston bahori”)  in Khiva in 2019. Author of the collection of short stories named “Petrichor” (“Yomgʻirdan soʻng”).

Description of the image of the stepmother in the novel “Stepmother” by Ahmed Lutfiy Kazanchi

Ahmad Lutfi Kazanchi was born in 1936 in Churum district of Turkey. He is a very famous writer. His works include “Stories of the Age of Happiness”, “Abu Bakr Siddiq r.a.”, “Hazrat Umar ibn Hattab r.a”, “Stepmother”, “Mother-in-law”. Writer relies on historical sources while showing the beauty of Islam, how well-mannered and conscientious Muslims. From the artistic point of view. When the writer writes about the bandalas on the right path, he narrates the stories that can be an example for us.

Speaking about the work “Stepmother”, it should be noted that it is not about Fatima. Badia is about what the mothers of the whole community are like. Like many works of Ahmed Lutfiy Kazanchi, the work “Stepmother” made a special impression on the readers, and the exemplary behavior of people whose only religious goal is God’s pleasure is beautifully illuminated. “Stepmother” by Ahmed Lutfiy Kazanchi can melt everyone’s heart, it can be said that it is a piece of his soul.

This work gives readers a lot of knowledge. He calls them to be believers, to do good. This book is scientifically interesting, but also full of virtues. The sequence of events is also very well written. The experiences of the heroes of the work absorb the reader to such an extent that one becomes a partner in their joys, pains, and trials. As soon as we read the title of the work, we imagine a mother who oppresses and humiliates her stepchildren. But Fatima is not one of those mothers. She studied both religion and the world from a young age. She lives only with love for God and his prophet. In his heart was not to win the love of servants, but to fall in the eyes of God.

So, can we call Fatima, who brought up Odilbek’s children more than her own children, who washed and combed her hair white and white, “stepmother”? Mother, who had the intention of becoming a true Muslim in her heart, accepted the hardships and various trials as a blessing. Because,

In verse 127 of Surah An-Nisa, God blesses you with “…treating weak children and orphans fairly. Whatever good you do, God is All-Knowing.”

There are many qualities that we should learn from Fatima. Surrender to God, patience and love… She became the educator not only of his children, but of the entire society. It is said that if you educate a boy, you educate a person, and if you educate a girl, you educate the whole society. Therefore, it is necessary for us girls to learn every second, to be like Fatimas. This work “Stepmother” is a work that can prove that a person can achieve bright and shining days by being patient and doing good deeds. In short, this book is proof that every good deed does not go unrequited. Every work of Ahmad Lutfiy Kazanchi has a place in the hearts of people. Each of his books are wonderful books that call to faith. In the end, we realize that Allah will reward us according to all our deeds and that we can receive two worldly rewards for our good deeds. Can I do the same as you read the feats of Fatima? you ask. We ask Allah to give us all knowledge and courage like Fatima.

The Stages of the Emergence of Economic Terms in the Uzbek
Language and the Peculiarities of their Derivation

Khakimova Zamira Xurram qizi
Teacher at The Department of integrated course of English language №3Uzbekistan State World languages University

ABSTRACT
This article describes the origin and derivational characteristics of economic terms in the Uzbek language. Some terms are analyzed and compared with English economic terms.

The process of forming finance and economic terminology in the Uzbek language, which has a nine-century history of development, also goes back to a long history. This history includes three
periods. Most of the terms whose origin and development are studied below belong to the third period, that is, to the period after independence. The reason for this is the relative relevance of
the research of the terms that are current, in practice, and in circulation for specialists of this profession.

English terminology borrowed many words from Latin and French, Arabic and Persian languages lead the rich stage of Uzbek terminology. Cultural and political relations between these nations in ancient times have an important place in this. We can see the first examples of economic terms in the Uzbek language in “Devoni Lug’ati-turk” by Mahmud Kashgari, “Boburnoma” by Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, in the works of Alisher Navai, Ogahi, Yusuf
Khos Hajib. For example the terms below are taken from the work “Devoni Lug’ati-turk”:

“Og’ur” 1
(government)
“O’ro’nch”2
(a bribe)
“Sart”3
(merchant)
“Bergo’”4
(debt)

1 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-87
2 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the third volume p-451
3 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-328
4 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-403
Keywords: Economy, terminology, Latin, Russian, derivation, borrowing, affixation.

Received: November 29, 2022
Accepted: December 30, 2022
Published: January 31, 2023
Article Information

WEB OF SYNERGY:
International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
Volume 2 Issue 1, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013
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Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN: 2835-3013
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219
And also several samples can be found in the works of Alisher Navoi.

For example: “naqdina” (cash) 5 , “mablag” (funds), “miqdor”6
(amount), “dastmoya” (working capital). Then the second period of development of Uzbek terminology began. During this period, under the influence of the occupation by Tsarist Russia, many terms came from the Russian language.

For instance: Blanka (form), veksel (promissory note), bank (bank), kassir (cashier), Tovar (commodity), taftishchi (inspector).
Economic terms in the Uzbek language have developed mainly on the basis of two sources. If the first is within the inner language capabilities, such as affixation, meaning transfer, meaning
expansion, semantic derivation are examples (jamg’arma-accumulation, ijarachi-tenant), the second method is borrowing from foreign languages, in which mainly Arabic and Persian-Tajik
languages until the 20th century, then Russian, and English after independence caused the enrichment of Uzbek treasury terminology.

When it comes to the characteristics of the terms formed through internal possibilities, it is seen that the concept represented by that term has existed in our language and way of life since ancient times. Example: trade – Arabic language The concepts expressed by terms formed through foreign assimilation are concepts that are new for the entire language as a result of development.

For instance:Auksion 7 (auction)-english word.
Below we will consider a diachronic study of several terms:
“Audit” 8 (audit)- borrowed word. It means “I hear” from the Latin language. Currently, it is used to check whether the financial statements of an enterprise or organization meet the specified
standards.

The same audit is conducted by someone who is well versed in finance and accounting. It is called “Auditor”. These terms were not directly transferred to the Uzbek language. It was transferred to English from Latin, and the form “Auditor” was formed as a result
of the addition of the personal suffix “-or” to the base “Audit”.

It should be mentioned that most of the terms related to finance and economy in the Uzbek language were not formed by derivational or other word formation methods and were transferred from other languages as such terms. The word “balance” is one of them. If the English word “balance” is translated as balance, in the treasury it means the balance between debit and credit, i.e. the inflow and outflow of money. As such, this word has been accepted into our language as an international word.

“Antimonopol”9 (antimonopoly)- the term “monopoly” was borrowed from the Russian language as an international word into the Uzbek language. The root of this word is Latin, in the form “monopolyum”, in Greek as “monopōlion”, in English as “monopoly” (from the 16th
century), in Russian as “monopoly”. It means sole domination in a certain type of trade. The prefix “anti-” in the Uzbek language imposes a negative meaning on nouns.

“Avans”10 (advance)- this word, which means advance payment, goes back to the Latin language. The word “abante”, which means “to move” or “promote” in Latin, was transferred to the French language in the form of “avanc” or “avancer”, which means to move forward. At the end of the eighteenth century, it was borrowed from French to Russian. From it to Uzbek. The meaning of giving part of the money in advance for the goods began to be noted in the 60s of the last century.

5 Alisher Navai “Hayrat ul-abror” p-80
6 Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat” p-87
7 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A p-94
8 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 93-bet
9
Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”
10 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 6-bet
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ISSN: 2835-3013

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220

“Buxgalteriya”11 (accounting)-. This word, which entered the Uzbek language through the Russian language, represents the practice of accounting. But it is not a Russian word itself.

Translated from German to Russian. The German words “das Buch” – book and “halter” – lifter were combined to form the word “book lifter”.

“Dotatsiya”12(subsidy)-in latin “dotatio” means gift. He switched from Latin to English, from English to Russian and then to Uzbek. It means non-refundable financial aid.

“Hisobot”13(report)- the word “hisob” is a word from the Arabic language. it represents the representation and designation of numbers. The noun-forming suffix “-ot” was added to the root
of the word “hisob” and the term “hisobot” appeared. The word “hisobot” is not only an economic term, but is also widely used in general terms. If it represents a summary of the work done in general, it is a statement of the operations performed during the previous period or quarter in the financial sector.

“Kassa”14(checkout)- department where money operations are carried out. It comes from the Italian word “cassa” which means box.
Although new terms have been borrowed from foreign languages along with new concepts in the Uzbek language, it has been seen that new terms have been created based on the borrowed terms
with extensive use of the affixation method. The fact that the Uzbek language is an agglutinative language is a factor in this.

Derivation serves as a method of terminological conceptualization of a field of language. Creation of terms is carried out according to the following classification parameters: lexicosemantic, borrowing, syntactic, morphological syntax.

Used literature:

1. Makhmud Koshgari “Devoni Lugati-turk 3 volumes “Fan” 1960
2. D.H.Pulatov, B.I.Nurmuhamedova “G’aznachilik” Toshkent 2014
3. Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”
4. Sh.N.Abdullayeva “ Tilshunoslikda terminologiya masalalariga oid nazariy qarashlar” 2019
   Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University
5. “O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati” 1981
6. A.Ulmasov, A.Vahobov “Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi” Tashkent 2014
7. Internet resources: Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”

SOME ISSUES OF CHECKING ADVANCED VERSIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES CAUSING INTENTIONAL BODILY INJURY

Rahmatullayeva, daughter of Jasmina Abduvahid, 2nd stage student of World Economy and Diplomacy University

ANNOTATION

The article develops proposals based on the use of tactical and methodological tools recommended by the investigation method, as well as on the basis of preliminary information about the reason for
the use of weapons, traces, the identity of the victim and the infliction of bodily injuries and the correct organization of the investigation.

Keyword. Body injuries, the victim, the instrument of the crime, jealousy, alcohol

INTRODUCTION
With the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on May 14, 2018 “On measures to radically improve the system of criminal and criminal procedural legislation” PQ 3723[1], the Criminal
and Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan as the main directions and tasks of improving the legislation: unification of norms of criminal legislation; effective and reliable protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms, society and state interests; improvement of the mechanisms of reliable guarantee of the rights and freedoms of the person in the criminal proceedings; it was decided to introduce new forms and procedures of the criminal process.

When carrying out the investigation of the cases of intentional bodily injury to the investigation, the case related to the honor, dignity and other inviolable rights of the person and the crimes with a low social risk. There are more and more cases in which it is necessary to obtain his consent. In the investigation of these crimes, it is appropriate to conduct the case based on the grounds of dispositiveness.

DISCUSSION AND RESULTS

Intentional bodily injury crimes are serious and the investigative method is considered to be one of the most complicated incidents. The application of the criminalistic investigation method in the
investigation of the intentional bodily injury crime is focused on determining the cause of bodily injury to the victim: determining whether the intentional bodily injury occurred as a result of an
attack.

Therefore, in any case, intentional bodily injury should be investigated based on the rules of the criminal investigation method in a suspicious situation. Criminals use various methods and
weapons to commit intentional bodily injury crimes. In most cases, they cause injuries with shooting and cold weapons, various household items (knife, ax, ax), and some hard object (such as iron,
stone).

Methods of intentional bodily injury, motives of criminal action, place, time, consequences of the incident, traces, weapons, all these make up the criminalistic description. Some of its elements are related to each other, stemming from and complementing each other. In particular, elements such as the subject of the crime, the victim, the weapon used, and the crime scene are closely related, and
the traces (consequences) left by each element are reflected in other elements, and the observation and investigation of one depends on it.

When determining the criminalistic description of the crime,
determining the sequence of the above-mentioned cases, the origin of the situations at the scene of the incident, the consequences of one of them leaving certain traces on the other, is the basis for the
success of the initial stage of the investigation. Based on the experience of investigative practice it can be said that the most common crimes of intentional bodily harm are committed in residential buildings, public places, on the streets, where the consequences of the crime, weapons, traces are
not hidden, and the person who committed the crime sometimes does not run away, does not hide.

Such crimes often occur as a result of malice, revenge, jealousy, hooliganism, conflicts between two criminal groups. In these cases, the detection and investigation process of crimes of intentional
bodily injury is not very difficult. Using the tactical and methodical tools recommended by the investigative method and developing versions-images based on the initial information about the weapons, traces, the identity of the victim and the cause of the injury at the scene of the incident, and properly organizing the investigation, i.e. the case it will be possible to reveal and prove it within the appropriate time frame.

In some cases, the crime of intentional bodily injury is committed in a
hidden situation, without witnesses, using the darkness of the night, the absence of a person. Tries to take it with him. Investigation of such crimes is complex from the point of view of proof and causes some difficulties. In the investigation of this type of intentional bodily injury, the investigator must use specialized skills, be able to use the preliminary investigation information correctly, and perform prompt and quality investigative actions that cannot be delayed [2 ].

In the investigation of crimes of intentional bodily harm, it will be possible to obtain preliminary information about the method of its implementation, motives, the weapons used, and the person who committed it. In cases where the identity of the victim is known, it will be possible to create relevant versions-pictures about the criminal, the relationship between them, and the methods of committing the crime. It is possible to find and arrest a person suspected of a crime by obtaining information about the places of intentional bodily injury to the victim of a criminal incident and conducting preliminary investigative actions.

Intentional bodily harm committed in urban settings is often aimed at eliminating traces of crime. If the places where the crime of intentional bodily harm was committed are in different regions, it is
necessary to determine the connection and compatibility of these places. Another description of the crime of intentional bodily harm is the method of its commission. The method of committing intentional bodily harm includes the weapon used, the means, the act, the preparation of the crime in advance and the attempt to remove the traces of the crime.

Intentional bodily injury caused by domestic disputes, jealousy, bullying, under the influence of alcohol and drugs is almost always done without prior preparation.) or another means of injury and
achieves its goal. If intentional bodily harm is done with malicious intent or against the victim’s position, duty, the criminal prepares in advance; determines the place and time. After committing the crime, the criminal tries not to leave footprints and handprints. These cases determine the need to obtain information about the identity of the criminal and among whom to search for him [3].

Efforts to cover up the traces of these crimes sometimes involve masking the injury to make it look like another incident. Depriving the victim of intentional bodily injury, inflicting severe injuries, pushing him from a height, creating the appearance of a mask, etc.

Describing the identity of the victim of intentional bodily injury also helps to make the right clues and find the suspect at the initial
stage of the investigation. When the victims of intentional bodily harm are women, in most cases they are victims of violence, malice or jealousy. The relationship between the criminal and the victim
is related to each other and indicates the reason for the criminal outcome and the content of the intention.

A suspect who has caused bodily harm with intent can be characterized as follows, based on investigative practice. Males between the ages of 18 and 50 who use alcohol or drugs are often
abusive, immoral, disrespectful to the community and women, and have previous convictions. Some of the actions of the criminal who caused the injury – inflicting a lot of injuries on the victim with
extreme lack of mercy, inflicting physical injuries on his close relatives and family members indicate his mental disorder, such cases can be included in typical situations [4 ].

Atypical cases also occur in investigative practice. The criminal is well-versed in the handling of weapons, has mastered the use of shooting or cold weapons in military service or on the basis of
special training, and determines in advance the preparation for the crime and the loss of traces of it after committing it. Such situations creates some complexity at the initial stage of the investigation.

However, according to the law of criminal activity, no crime can leave its consequences and traces, therefore, any crime, including the crime related to intentional bodily harm, has been successfully
investigated, will be exposed.

In conclusion, it should be noted that pre-trial investigation of cases of intentional bodily injury, circumstances that must be determined in the initiation and investigation of crimes, features of the development of investigative methods, the conduct of the case to the court is a complex technology.

Should be recognized as Because he performs a complex, complex and responsible task as part of proceedings before the court. This is a separate special proceeding on intentional bodily injury, the
procedural and organizational-methodical activities related to its specific features are interconnected.

REFERENCES

1. Decision PQ 3723 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to radically improve the system of criminal and criminal-procedural legislation” adopted on May 14, 2018
   //http://lex.uz/docs/ 3735818 (national database of information on legislation of the Republic of
   Uzbekistan).
2. Avakyan M.V. Metodika rassledovaniya i podderjaniya gosudarstvennogo obvineniya po delam ob umyshlennom prichinenii tyajkogo vreda zdorovyu: Diss. … doc. Walk science – Kalingrad, 2017. – C. 51.
3. Bezruchko E. V. Prestupleniya, posyagyushchie na bezopasnost zdorovya cheloveka: teoretikopravovoe issledovanie: Diss. … doc. Walk science – Rostov-on-Don, 2018. – S.45.
4. Bespechnyi O. V. Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie problemy rassledovaniya prespleniy, svyazannyx s
   prichineniem tyajkogo vreda zdorovyu: dis. … candy. Walk nauk / O. V. Bespechnyy. – Barnaul,
5. – P.121.