The Importance of Uzbek Folk Tales and Literary Tales

Abstract: Uzbek folk oral literature is very rich and unparalleled. It can be said without a doubt that the oral literature of each nation clearly shows its history. Therefore, if we consider folk oral literature as a spring, it can be likened to a tree nourished by this spring. Through the works of oral folk literature, people learn from the wisdom and bravery of their ancestors, and become acquainted with their great ancestors and their way of life. In folklore, the wisdom, talent, and linguistic richness of the people are manifested. Tales serve as an important source in studying the history, spiritual and cultural lifestyle, inner world, faith, social relations with other brotherly nations, customs, climate, and natural conditions of each nation.

Keywords: Uzbek folk tale, literary tale, types of tales, impact on children

A tale is one of the ancient genres belonging to the epic type, widely spread among the people, reflecting the national values, lifestyle, traditions, and customs that have been formed over centuries. Mainly narrated in prose by professional storytellers, tales have evolved into a unified poetic system with a unique artistic structure and motifs.

The term is mentioned in Mahmud Kashgari’s “Devoni Lugati Turk” and means narrating an event orally. Tales are referred to as matal in Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Fergana regions, ushuk in the districts and villages around Bukhara, varsaqi in Khorezm, and cho‘pchak in Tashkent city and its surroundings. Tales differ from other folklore genres by depicting life truths based on imagination and realistic fabrications, involving magical and enchanting elements, extraordinary events, and the supernatural bravery of heroes.

Fiction is a crucial criterion in tales, forming the basis of plot events and ensuring the resolution of conflicts. Various examples of fabrications serve an educational aesthetic function, acting as a unique artistic depiction tool. Fabrications portray events and phenomena in an unreal or real manner. Based on the participation of imaginative and realistic fabrications and their role in the plot, tales can be divided into two groups: tales based on imaginative fabrications and tales based on realistic fabrications.

The plot of a tale with imaginative fabrications is magical, while the plot of a tale based on realistic fabrications is more lifelike, depicting real events. A tale typically narrates three main goals. The first involves the hero’s bravery and defense of people’s interests against evil forces; the second narrates the hero’s love for princesses or fairies from other lands, finding medicine for the sick, and rescuing people kidnapped by dragons and demons; the third describes the hero’s struggle against injustice and oppression.

The first goal is achieved through the hero’s active effort and supernatural strength, the second with the help of magical tools assisting the passive hero, and the third through the hero’s wisdom and resourcefulness.

Folk Tales: Folk tales are rightfully considered a powerful source of historical facts, providing information about the life and social structure of a particular people. Each nation has created many instructive stories for adults and children, passing on their experiences and wisdom to the next generations.

Folk tales reflect human relationships and changes, highlighting the immutability of basic values and teaching the clear distinction between good and evil, joy and sorrow, love and hatred, truth and falsehood. A unique feature of folk tales is that the deepest social meaning is hidden in simple and easy-to-read text. They also preserve the richness of the people’s language. What kinds of folk tales are there? They can be magical, household, or often about animals.

It is often asked when the first Russian folk song was invented. This remains a mystery, and only assumptions can be made. It is believed that the first “hero” tales were about natural phenomena such as the Sun, Moon, Earth, etc. Later, they were subjected to human influence, and stories of people and animals were included in the tales. There is a hypothesis that all Russian folk stories have a real basis. In other words, some events were retold in the form of tales, changing over centuries and reaching us in the form we are accustomed to.

When comparing folk and literary tales, it should be considered that the latter appeared much later than the former. By incorporating educational ideas, European literature began rewriting folk legends in the 18th century, and by the 19th century, it became traditional to create wonderful plots. Among those who succeeded in this field, A. Hoffmann, C. Perrault, H. C. Andersen, and, of course, the Brothers Grimm are recognized as the genre’s classics.

The similarity between literary and folk tales lies in the repetition of folkloric motifs and the presence of magical attributes, but the literary development of plots and the choice of main characters strictly adhere to the author’s wishes. Moreover, in the second half of the 19th century, literary tales became very close to novellas and even short stories. The works of Russian writers like L. Tolstoy and A. Pogorelskiy and Europeans like S. Lagerlöf and L. Carroll can serve as excellent examples.

Education through Tales: Stories are written in a simple language suitable for children, developing their imagination. For the youngest listeners, tales often feature animal characters, introducing them to the lifestyle and characteristics of specific characters (e.g., Kolobok, Teremok). After reading a tale to a child, they understand the existence of good and evil, loyalty and betrayal, foolishness and cleverness. A well-chosen tale also helps parents cope with crisis situations. All tales contain a moral, through which you can help a child navigate difficult situations. After reading, discuss the hero’s actions and decisions. Positive characters possess the best qualities: hard work, cleverness, kindness, honesty, beauty.

By reading tales to children, we cultivate moral qualities such as empathy and understanding in the child. The child compares themselves to the main character, experiencing situations, showing courage, ingenuity, and compassion. “A tale is a lie, but there’s a hint in it! A lesson for good fellows!” wrote the great Russian writer A.S. Pushkin, emphasizing that a tale teaches the listener the right behavior in certain situations. Without moralizing and instructions, the child develops the right path.

Tales also help develop children’s imagination and creative thinking. Preschoolers bring simple things to life, so they love hearing about the adventures of a soap bubble or a tin soldier. Introduce the story by reading or retelling it. While reading, a preschooler learns to respect books, which is one form of upbringing. By retelling the text, the storyteller rearranges words, changes phrases, and adds comments. The main thing is to tell the story emotionally so that children listen attentively. After reading the book, it’s useful to play literary games and solve riddles to reinforce the acquired knowledge.

References:
– “Uzbek Folklore” textbook – T. Mirzayev, Sh. Turdimov, M. Jo‘rayeva, A. Tilavov
– [Uzbek Wikipedia](https://uz.m.wikipediya.org)
– [Gigafox](https://gigafox.ru)

Our regular contributor, prose writer Jim Meirose, invites Synchronized Chaos readers to review his two upcoming books. He will send PDFs to people who will provide at least 50-75 word blurbs in their blogs or on Amazon/Goodreads.

About his books:

Audio Bookies (Being published by LJMcD Communications)     – Audio book creators take on recording a book which begins absorbing them into its bizarre fictional world. 

Game 5 (Being published by Soyos Books)  –  Very experimental piece involving the efforts of residents to rejuvenate a community in decline. 

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Now, for this month’s issue, Like a Flowing River.

This month’s contributions reflect how life may have ups and downs, smooth and rough patches, but mostly just keeps going.

Mahkamov Mahmudjan’s piece gives us our title. Mahkamov reminds us that life is like a flowing river, where we have influence but don’t control everything.

Jessica Barnabas Joseph reminds us that becoming who we are can be a journey. Mashhura Ziyovaddinova illustrates that the journey of life matters as much as our destinations. Wazed Abdullah presents a rhythmical ode to the constant ticking of time.

Alex Johnson’s poetry collection Flowers of Doom, reviewed by Cristina Deptula, explores times of change with a mixture of awe and repulsion.

Hillol Ray describes the stability and comfort he finds in his personal and intimate spirituality and how it’s developed and informed by his mixed-race heritage. Michael Robinson speaks to the solace he has found in his faith over many years. Stephen Jarrell Williams’ work addresses being lost and found again through faith and the love of family.

Muslima Rakhmonova reflects on the support and encouragement she receives from her family and on how families can both keep children secure and empower them to build their futures. Abdamutova Shahinabonu’s short story reflects the deep love and respect between fathers and their children, even as the children become young adults and leave to pursue their dreams.

Rizwan Islam evokes the joyful spirit of family celebrations of his birthday. Nigar Nurulla Khalilova offers up a son’s lament over separation from his mother. Habibullayeva Madinabonu grieves over the passing of her mother. Abrieva Umida expresses deep respect and caring for her mother. Amimova Zebiniso rejoices in the love of her family. O’roqboyeva O’roloy G’ulomovna expresses her tender love for her mother.

Brian Barbeito finds mythic beauty in Mother Nature, in industrial areas and even a truck collision, as well as in spring flowers and colorful fungi. Naeem Aziz outlines the life cycle, diet, and ecology of the praying mantis. Turdaliyeva Muxarram conveys the simple and colorful joy of flowers. Azimjon Toshpulatov laments the passing of the warm and flower-strewn spring. Aliyeva Matluba fashions images out of natural seeds and materials while Abdulazizov Dovudbek’s home economics paper reminds us when we should let go of stored food. Daniel De Culla crafts a myth about the creation of fish and the constellation Pisces.

Tuyet Van Do’s haiku points to the uncanny mysteries of nature and the paranormal. Nahyean Taronno continues his ghostly tale of trapped spirits and children in a haunted manor. Audrija Paul illuminates the destructive power of rain during a flood and crop-destroying storm. Praise Danjuma evokes the wildness and majesty of nature with a piece on a large and scary night-flying bird. Avery Brown presents a moment of narrative tension as futuristic cowboy characters in his novel Blood and Loyalty skirt one potential conflict to race towards another.

Lidia Popa’s piece reminds us of the mystery and wonder of poetry. Dilnura Rakhmanova poetizes about love, writing, and tulips. Kylian Cubilla Gomez’ photography captures moments of color, surprise, and interactions with the natural world. Isabel Gomez de Diego’s photography draws on themes of nature, history, and the wonder of childhood. Kande Danjuma reclaims the joy and wonder of her childhood. J.D. Nelson peers at life like a child glancing up at labels they can’t quite make out on a top shelf in his monostich poetry. Emeniano Somoza likens the moon to a lonely child drifting through the treacherous school hallways of space.

Luis Berriozabal speaks to loneliness, aging, and the power of words in his poetry. Duane Vorhees’ poetry probes themes of sensuality, romance, writers’ block and the timeless Mideast conflict.

Dilnoza Xusanova outlines the literary contributions of Erkin Vahidov to Central Asian and world literature. Abdunazarova Khushroy poetizes on the beauty of the Uzbek language. Ibrohim Saidakbar highlights the humane spirit and literary legacy of Central Asian writer Gafur Gulam. Otaboyeva Ominakhon examines Mark Twain’s use of satire in his literary works. Noah Berlatsky spoofs errors in proofreading in a humorous piece.

Ziyoyeva Irodakhon reviews the contributions of great Uzbek teacher and writer Abdulla Avloni to Central Asian and world scholarship and pedagogy. Salomova Dilfuza makes suggestions to help people optimize their learning. Guli Bekturdiyeva offers best practices for how educators can design syllabi. Abdusamatova Odinaxon offers recommendations on the best use of interviews as a tool for sociological research. Burikulova Shakhnoza remembers an inspirational teacher who motivated her to set high goals and work towards them. Sobirjonova Rayhona praises the dedication of her favorite teacher.

Axmatova Shakzoda outlines the unique opportunities and hardships of student life. Aziza Karimjonova Sherzodovna highlights the accomplishments of Uzbek students and scholars and the greatness of the nation.

Adiba Shuxratovna reviews Hossein Javid’s drama “Amir Temur” and outlines how the play highlights the nation-building work of Amir Temur through depicting both political and domestic moments of his life. Aziza Saparbaeva depicts a dramatic moment in the life of medieval Central Asian leader Tamerlane. Marjona Kholikova outlines the accomplishments of various historical Central Asian military and political leaders.

Adiba Shuxratovna’s poetry extols the virtues of the new Uzbek constitution and its respect for human rights. Mamadaliyeva Aziza celebrates Uzbekistan’s rich history and its present and future promise. Eshbekova Xurshida Anorboyevna evokes the mythical beauty and grandeur of Samarkand while Dr. Reda Abdel Rahim reminds the world of the archaeological treasure of Egypt’s Royal Tombs of Tanis and encourages us to preserve and study them. Graciela Noemi Villaverde expresses her pride in Argentina’s history and flag.

Ruxzara Adilqizi’s poetry celebrates her love for nature, her partner, her country, and her heritage. Mahbub Alam flies into the sky at sunrise on the wings of love. Elmaya Jabbarova draws on classical references to convey the intense experience of having a lover stare into one’s eyes. Maja Milojkovic finds gentle and poetic love in a garden. Mesfakus Salahin speaks to the emotional and spiritual union of a couple in love.

Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa speaks to the futility of hiding one’s emotions. Usmonova O’giloy whispers poetry about the gentle grace of her dreams. Paul Tristram crafts vignettes of human experience from a large-hearted and compassionate place. Taylor Dibbert’s poetic speaker points out a detail that speaks to the depth of his mourning for his departed dog and thus the depth of the love they shared.

Alan Catlin’s poetry reflects the fragmented thoughts of memory and grief. Vernon Frazer adorns paper with shapes and shades of color and words in various fonts at precarious angles. Mark Young’s images play with shape and color and seem to almost represent various objects.

Nosirova Gavhar relates how music can serve as medicine for the human spirit. Sayani Mukherjee describes the sensations and images she experiences listening to classical music.

Joe Byrd’s new novel Monet and Oscar: The Essence of Light, excerpted this month in Synchronized Chaos, gives us a look at the groundbreaking Impressionist artist through the eyes of his gardener.

Sterling Warner evokes atmosphere, time, place, and memory with his poems on the Midwest, fungi, flora, and fauna, and the overzealous self-diagnosis made possible through pharmaceutical commercials.

Christopher Bernard critiques neoliberal philosophy for breaking down social order with its emphasis on one’s rights to the exclusion of one’s responsibilities to respect others.

Dr. Jernail S. Anand urges us to set aside extravagant philosophizing and simply live our lives. Santiago Burdon satirizes those who carry their principles beyond the point of reason with his piece on a vegan vulture.

Heather Sager takes joy in gentle, quiet moments of middle age, even as she feels off kilter and knows her body and life are slowing. Roberta Beach Jacobson’s haiku expresses observations on human nature taken from ordinary and surprising moments of everyday life.

Hillol Ray wonders about the future of humanity, if our compassion and solidarity can grow and develop alongside our technology. Mashhura Usmonova decries people who obsess over their phones to the detriment of flesh and blood relationships.

Faleeha Hassan urges others to recognize her common humanity although she’s in a traditional Muslim head covering. Bill Tope’s essay traces the changing attitudes towards the LGBTQ community in America over the past 60 years. Z.I. Mahmud outlines how Amrita Pari illustrates the isolation and longing of a queer woman in a modern city in her novel Kari. Jacques Fleury reviews a production of “Witch” at Boston’s Huntington Theater and reflects on how witches can represent those treated as “others” by modern society for various reasons.

Mykyta Ryzhykh speaks to the horrors of war and the destruction of innocence and the environment. Gozalkhan Samandarova highlights the indiscriminate destruction often caused by war and urges humans to work for peace. Bill Tope’s story highlights the senseless terror of a school shooting by portraying an incident from a child’s perspective.

Ana Bogosavljevic reminds us that even great pain and evil will not last forever and can be outlasted with patient goodness. Shaxzoda Abdullayeva takes joy in her current life and her hopes for the future, as David A. Douglas celebrates the power of community and kindness to overcome despair.

My tongue that entered my ear as lullaby,
My valiant tongue in the bosom of the ages,
I will write you every moment,
My blood, my language, oh, my motherland.

Come strolling, meaning my language,
Always sing like a nightingale my tongue,
It has the spirit of Navoi, he has Babur,
Let every dialect be beautiful, my language.

Every word has a hundred meanings in my mother tongue,
Every flame is a fire in every heart,
Everything ripples in this language,
Endless treasure, legend in my tongue.

This is my language, which the whole world respects.
This is my language, inherited from my ancestors.



Abdunazarova Khushroy was born on December 21, 2008. She is 15 years old. Currently, she is a pupil of 8th grade of the 15th DIUM of Mingbulak district, Namangan region. She is interested in English and Mathematics. She wants to become a interpreter in the future. And also she is a member of the international organization "All India Council for Technical skill development".

Birds die faster than dots in poetry
The necks of letters are much longer than the necks of birds

Birds, like poetry, do not know how to beg
Birds die, but so do poems


***
The air left the composition of the sadness of the stomach
Wooden night covered the dead
Iron worms sewed up limbs with immobilization

What street is this? Why is it so dark in here?
And this is not a street, this is life and death


***
I want vegetables to die and not one child to suffer anymore at a diet dinner.


***
The meat screams at the pennant with red silence
Worms crawl out of coffins to the surface
Minced meat crawls out of the meat grinder
Corpses crawl into eyes and ears
The world around is destroyed in the pupils of the shot man
What can world poetry talk about besides war?


***
The cat tears up the mouse just for fun
A grenade tears a child apart because it has to be done

The sky moves and the clouds float forward
Mom cooks breakfast like no one is dead


***
Worms crawl underground
After the rain worms crawl to the surface

We read the letters of the rain on our faces
We crawl in a pool of blood without limbs

Winter is beginning
It's nuclear winter


***
Snow will forgive the grass everything
We'll all fall asleep in the snow and grass
We will be buried in snow and grass
But we won't have children anymore
Who will bury us?

Nuclear stations are growing like mushrooms
The forest turns white as a mouse

The ashes fall asleep
Ashes in the snow


***
Light for the blind


***
no one 
died 
in the cemetery 
again 


***
the trees are silent like the dead
before they are cut down


***
sound conservation
a bird reads a blizzard with a glance


***
cemetery without grave
almost like a church without parishioners
love without lovers
mountain without a bottom
god without religion

Introduction To The Collected Works



Berlat

sky’s early

lyrics

gave way

to the later

intense focus on

the early

lyrics

which some

bodhy

should have

fuck

-ing proof

read

War, your name may disappear in the world!

( © https://pin.it/20Q2J6q4Y)

War… My language is speechless. There is also an endless restraint in the movement of the pen on the paper. War… There are no words for definition and classification, for explanation. Why!!! A word so hard to understand?

No… A word that wants to be understood even if it is understood, a word that is wished not to be, this word should not be used in any time and space. A word that made millions of people’s hearts bleed, took joy from their faces, and made them never smile again. It is a word created from the cries of innocent babies, the cries of angry mothers to God, and the “lovelessness” of lovers.

A word made from the silence of those whose bitten bread remained on the wall, who came out on their feet – who came in a cart, whose arms were hugged in their lap – who came wounded, who came from a chain of letters written “I’m going to next spring” and who live their whole lives waiting for spring. this. As Vladimir Mayakovsky noted, “War is tears and blood for people, it is widows and homeless, it is a repaired hut, killed youth and humiliated old age.”

This is what war is!!! Why is the language speechless?!

Of course, war spares no one. It is and has been a series of dark days that do not live, like rain that falls on the heads of the young and the old, the rich and the poor alike.

Praise the endurance of the people who lived in this war there is no way. The children were also brought up so mature that they did not have time to be children, Romain Rolland’s “To lose youth in war is to snatch the spring from the seasons.” like, there was no “spring” for children during the war. Everyone who lived during the war was the owner of “strength”. Because, during the years when the sky was under “dark clouds” and all the men were mobilized to the front, the country lacked manpower and the field work was lagging. But this thing did not bend the Uzbek people. Our women rolled up their sleeves and drove tractors, went to the fields, and raised their families.

Sometimes I think, why does a person rebel, what benefit did we get, to this day, he does not refrain from rebellion, war – from doing this again. What has war given us that makes us prone to rebellion?

Killing millions of people, orphaning babies, teasing, fondling, and animalistic acts of human children, right? Have you ever thought about those who try to bring to life things that you can’t even think about?

We understand one thing should be noted that it will not be good if there is a war now. Let’s fear war now. Let’s understand that if we don’t preserve our peace, we will fail and disappear. Because now we live in a time when children are born knowing who they will be, what they will do, and how they will do it. Now we live in a time where millions are ready for one stone. We see that technique, technology now serves not for “man”, but for “inhumanity”.

Public beach in weapons are a clear example of this. Weapons of mass destruction have a powerful positive effect on the war system, reinforcing its proliferation and ongoing wars have the potential to destroy our planet. Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons are distinguished by their ability to kill and disable people, destroying entire cities and even entire regions with supernatural destruction.

So-called “nuclear” wars kill millions, cause nuclear winter, and cause world-wide food shortages and starvation for millions. The entire nuclear strategy system is based on a false foundation, as computer models suggest that a very small number of detonated warfighters could shut down the entire earth’s agriculture, meaning that the human species would be given a death sentence.

Chemical and biological weapons. Biological weapons include harmful natural toxins such as Ebola, typhus, smallpox, and others. Their use could cause an uncontrolled global epidemic. Therefore, it is important to adhere to existing agreements that form part of the alternative security system. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction was opened for signature in 1972 and entered into force in 1975 with the support of the United Nations. entered 170 prohibits signatories from owning or developing or stockpiling these weapons. [2]

Let’s remember that the terrible consequences of America’s bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, even after 75 years since the end of the war, continue to have negative consequences. This is an example of the greatest tragedy of war. [3]

If there is a war now, neither hundreds of Zebo Ganiyevas nor Sabir Rahimovs who are picked in a row can save us. This is the bitter truth…

Dear ones, “It will not be good if there is a war now.” As the great philosopher Aristotle said, “If we do not end war, war will end us.” The day has come when he will remember his words. What I mean by this is that every day we are given in peace is actually a blessing. We did not sacrifice anything for this peace and nothing will be sacrificed anymore. If only we could understand that, dear ones!!!

References

\\http://m.khabar.uz/uz/jamiayat/urush-onalarin.

\\https://worldbeyondwar.org/uz/phase-weapons-mass-destruction/.

\\https://daryo.uz/2020/08/10/hirosima-va-nagasaki-75-yillik-dahshat-kolami-suratlarda.

About the author

Gozalkhan Samandarova was born on November 11, 2003 in Khanka district of Khorezm region. Currently, she is a student of the Faculty of Pedagogy of the Namangan State Institute of Pedagogy. 

Creative works of Gozalkhan Samandarova were published in “Smile” magazine, “Distant Stars” anthology, “Un monde d’erudits et de creators brilliants” almanac of France. 

🔰 Winner of the “Best Creative Student of the Year” nomination at the institute stage of the “Student of the Year – 2023” contest;

🔰 Winner of the essay contest “We will stop corruption together” held at the Namangan State Pedagogical Institute; 

🔰Member of “Mushoira club” of Namangan region.

WhatsApp number +998998094546

Khorezm, Uzbekistan