THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MODERN MASS MEDIA AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages Faculty of Romance and Germanic Languages Philology and Language Teaching (French) 2nd-Year Student Dildora Abdullayeva Mukhiddin kizi abdullayevadildora006@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the specific features of using phraseological units in the language of modern mass media and social networks. It highlights how the dynamic nature of the media environment and the need to capture audience attention contribute to the active use of phraseological expressions as expressive tools. The study examines the functional and stylistic role of phraseological units in media headlines, journalistic texts, and social media content, as well as their transformations, shortened forms, and meme-based variants. Additionally, the emotional, pragmatic, and communicative functions of phraseological units in media discourse are explored. Keywords: phraseological units, media language, social networks, media discourse, stylistic function, meme culture, transformation.
KIRISH Modern media and social networks are the most active social platforms that directly affect human thinking, speech and cultural communication. The agility of the Medial environment, short and touching reporting encourage journalists, content creators to use expressive means in their lives. Phraseologisms are therefore becoming one of the most effective language units in this process. The study and research of phraseological units has long been of interest to linguistic scientists. Until the 19th century, phrases were studied in lexicology, in which only their meanings and etymology were described.
New issues facing society in today’s globalization process, such as environmental crisis, gender inequality, or corruption, are also reflected in phraseological units. This article is aimed at analyzing how phraseologisms reflect the social life of not only the Uzbek people, but also humanity as a whole. Today, issues such as the purpose of using phraseological units, their transformation, the process of becoming a meme on social networks, semantic changes, and their impact on the audience have not been sufficiently studied.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Semantic (meaning) and stylistic (methodological) analysis of phraseologisms in Media is carried out, and their function (function) in the text is determined. In this, the meaning of phraseologisms, through what stylistic means it is used, and its role in creating additional meaning and influence in the text are investigated. When the talk of phraseology began, schwetzar wrote that the French scientist Sh.It is impossible to remember Balli, who initially wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology. The term phraseological Bulic was the first to be applied to linguistics by V.Introduced by V Vinogradov. [Vinogradov, V.V.: 1946). Currently linguists. Although proverbs and sayings are also taught at the level of phraseological units, we will only consider units that are specific to idioms below.
Structural (grammatical) analysis :Phraseologism mainly represents character and action, and they belong to the category that grammatically denotes character or action. Most phraseologisms in French are phraseologisms that are related to the verb phrase category. Examples include avoir du sang de poulet – être paresseux, être lâché-be a coward.
Semantic analysis: in French, category SEMAS in the semantic content of phrasemes rely on phraseological meaning-for example Lexical-semantic analysis: phraseologisms of the verb category: Fowler aux pieds-to behold, rendre, faire hommage à qqn-to respect Stylistic analysis: verb, noun, ravish, adjective word-type phraseological units are widely used in newspapers and magazines, increasing textual impressiveness and serving to enhance communicativeness. Parler dans le vide, parler sans effet, parler en l’air – to talk in vain, that is, to talk too much. Ça ne mange pas de pain, il n’y a pas de risque-no harm.
Connotative meaning: quelque chose qui cloche – something is not working well, Ne vous en faites pas, Ne vous inquiéte pas – don’t worry
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Idiomatic Expression Literary Standard Spoken Mem – Tik tok Analysis Results Prendre son temps To be on time, not to rush Go quietly, Do not hurry Chill, No stress Expressed humorously in memes, enriched with more emojis Raconter des salades Lie Lying, telling lies Blah blah again,He’s telling me stories In memes, phrases are shortened and can be used in a humorous tone. Avoir le cœur sur la main Be generous Be kind Trop good ce mec, heart, big Tone increases in social networks En faire une montagne Making an elephant from a fly Exaggerate OMG it doesn’t matter Short phrases are used in memes
Pleuvoir des cordes It’s raining heavily. It’s raining in torrent Rain mode Memes are used with emojis. Remuer ciel et terre To act with all his might Do everything I move everything, Going ill in The memes use emojis and English idioms. Se bouffer le nez Fight tirelessly Arguing, getting angry, violently They slam each otherFight mode On We use emotional and short phrases in memes. Changer de disque Changing the subject during a conversation Change the subject, move on Ok next topic, change thé vibe We use mixed idioms in English in memes. Ouvrir son cœur Open your heart Confide in yourself, speak frankly I tell you everything Memes are enriched with emojis
According to the results of my observations for a long time, these phrases are very common on the Sorbonne and @FrancaisAvecMoiii channels in the telegram channel mettre la main à la pâte and and ouvrir son cœur. These phrases are used officially. This section shows the characteristics of how phraseological units collected as a result of our research are used in modern French. In the table, each phrase is presented in terms of official, literary, oral familier and methods of use in social networks. In addition the phrases se bouffer le nez and remuer ciel et terre are common on youtube and instagram channels. French.Schol.tv and Français Avec Pierre can be observed on social pages.
The phrase En faire une montagne can also be used in literary language, official articles, oral familier case and memes. In memes, the phrase is used to express humor and laughter. The meaning of this phrase is to make an elephant out of a fly, that is, to make a big tragedy out of a small thing.
The idiom Pleuvoir des cordes is used in literary language, oral familier and memes,social media. This phrase we can use in official articles, press, official descriptions, and in the mouth-in everyday conversation. In memes, this phrase is used to describe heavy rain with visual humor.
REVIEW OF USED LITERATURE In his article on the structural properties of phraseological units, Iskandarova Mohira gave examples of Idioms on verb, noun, vowel, adjective word categories. The article also addresses the stylistic, semantic, connotative meaning, structural, and lexical semantic learning of phraseological units. When the talk of frzeology began, schwetzar wrote that the French scientist Sh.It is impossible to remember Balli, who initially wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology.The origin of phraseology, what it means, has made these clear. Schwetzar was the son of a French nobleman, Sh. Recalling Balli, he originally wrote his own book, ” Traite de stylistique française Bally. Ch. 1921), referring to frzeology.
The term phraseological units was the first to be applied to linguistics by V. Introduced by V Vinogradov. [Vinogradov, V.B.: 1946). Currently linguists. aphorism, who also taught Proverbs at the phraseological unit level, he considers only those units that are characteristic of the idiom.
Phraseology is an important area of linguistics and studies sustainable expressions that embody the cultural memory, worldview and historical experience of the people. Since the beginning of the 20th Century, V.V. Vinogradov, A.V. Kunin, B.A. Larin, N.N. Scientists such as Amosova have scientifically substantiated the classification, semantic nature, origin and linguistic features of phraseological units. In Uzbek linguistics, Sh. Rahmatullaev and A.E. Mamatov developed this field and conducted in-depth research on the role of phraseology in expressing national identity.
CONCLUSION During the study, it was found that phraseological units are actively used in modern French, especially in media and social networks. Observations have shown that many phrases are used identically in formal, literary, and oral speech, while on the internet they adapt to the form of meme, shorthand, or humor. This suggests that medial speech is dynamic and influential. In general, phraseologisms are manifested in modern communication as an important tool that increases figurativeness, emotionality and expressive power.
REFERENCES
1.Bally, Ch. (1921). Traité de stylistique française (2e éd.). Heidelberg. 1-79 c.
Iskandarova, M. (n.d.). Frazeologik birliklarning struktur xususiyatlari. France International Scientific Conference: Scientific Approach to the Modern Education System, Part 12, 5th February.
Meliqo‘ziyeva, O‘. (2023). Frazeologik birliklarning asosiy xususiyatlari va ularning ma’nolari. Theoretical Aspects in the Formation of Pedagogical Sciences: International scientific-online conference. 4.Qurbonova, G. S. (2021). Fransuz va o‘zbek tillaridagi to‘qima frazeologizmlarning qiyosiy tahlili. Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, Educational, Natural and Social Sciences, 1(1). https://cyberleninka.ru
Виноградов, В. В. (1946). Основные понятия русской фразеологии. Труды юбилейной научной сессии ЛГУ, 203 с.
Flowering fields. My soul entrances. Endless love haunted my soul. Your innocent image defeating my love. Restless snow, near my cottage. I can feel your broken heart. Cheerless image are slow and restless. Her revelry voice are soundless and naughty here.
Mrinal Kanti Ghosh, India
He is a lyricist for All India Radio Calcutta. He has written many books of poetry, novel and short story. The names of his books are as follows: 1. Atmabairi 2.Sudhu rtis jannaya (Funded by West Bengal government) 3. jodi chole jai 4. Nairite nisarga namey 5.Ami se o somudra (novel) 6. Ekhane akash nei 7.Suranjana (English and Bengali) 8.Chayapathe saresrip bikel 9.Bideshi kobita (transcription of poetry in English and Bengali) 10.Dhupchaya nir 11.Nirjan sayanhey joytshna 12. Shely 1. Bangladesh award 2.Certificate from different countries. He has given certificate. He is a musician. He plays guitar (Indian classical). His other two books are under process. He is also an Astrologer, He believes in Astrology. He also believes in Rebirth/Regeneration. The poet also wrote a rtist poetry on Rebirth/Regeneration. His other book is going to be published on Rebirth/Regeneration.
Early in the morning, Nigina’s mother entered her daughter’s room to wake her up. But Nigina was not there. Thinking she might have woken up early, her mother searched every room in the house and even the garden. Although Nigina rarely played with the neighbors, her mother still checked their homes — but no one had seen her.
By the time she reached the school, it was clear that something extraordinary had happened. The rocket was missing. Even more shocking was the huge hole in the school roof, which left everyone frightened and confused. But among Nigina’s classmates, fear mixed with excitement. The rocket they had built was not a toy after all. It was real — powerful enough to fly away. This filled them with pride and amazement.
No one could explain how a school project could reach another planet. No one knew where Nigina went. Her mother was worried, the teachers were confused, and her classmates were completely lost. The rocket was gone, the roof was destroyed — and Nigina had disappeared. For everyone, it became a mystery.
News about Nigina spread quickly — first across the town, then throughout the country. Journalists and scientists arrived from everywhere. They visited her school, her house, even the backyard. People who knew Nigina gave interviews, eager to share their thoughts. The whole country wanted to know: Where was Nigina? What happened to her? And how did she fly a real rocket?
Meanwhile, Nigina sat inside the rocket cabin, writing down her thoughts. Time felt strange to her — almost frozen. She explored the strange planet around her and was amazed to see sunflowers growing on Mars. Their leaves were purple, and the seeds were much larger. Curious, she tasted one and smiled. “It tastes good,” Nigina whispered.
Nearby grew banana and coconut trees. Just as she reached for a banana, something struck her hand. Startled, Nigina ran back into the rocket and peered out the window, trembling.
A sudden cry echoed outside, frightening her even more. But moments later, she saw a pile of bananas gently placed near the rocket.
It was a monkey — trying to make friends.Nigina’s fear melted away. Soon, she and the little monkey became close companions. She named him King of Space. With her new friend, she explored Mars freely. They walked along a silver river where fish sang songs, and pink-feathered ducks swam gracefully. Fields of chamomile stretched nearby, while red butterflies danced above them.
Nigina had never seen such a beautiful place. Everything felt magical — as if she had been born again.The King of Space gave Nigina a glowing butterfly as a gift — its soft red light brightened even the darkest night. She also met a frog who spoke twenty languages, a chameleon-cat that changed colors, and a magical plant called the Knowledge Leaf. The monkey handed her one of the leaves and said:“Keep this with you. It knows everything. When you are lost, it will guide you.”
Nigina wondered how easily she would now answer all the questions in her classes back on Earth.She left paper, candy, glue, and other little gifts for her new friends.
Then came the time to say goodbye. In the middle of the night, the rocket landed gently on her home’s roof. Her mother was awake — waiting. They embraced tightly. From her daughter’s eyes, the mother could see that Nigina had changed forever.
The news of her return spread quickly across the city. Reporters lined up to speak with the girl who had visited space. Her photographs appeared in the city center. But for Nigina, fame did not matter. What mattered were the friends she had made on Mars.Every night, when she looked up at the stars, she felt as though they were waving back at her.
Nigina wrote down everything she had seen — the rivers, the glowing butterflies, the magical plants — so others could learn about the wonders she discovered. She handed her classmates shiny stones she had brought from Mars and said she was proud of their brilliant inventions.
Story by Asmonur Rajabboyeva
English Translation by Shuxratova Nilufar
Shukhratova Nilufar Azizbek qizi was born on March 31, 2013, in Uchqo‘rg‘on District, Namangan Region. She completed her primary education at Secondary School No. 31 in her district. Currently, she continues her studies at the Ishoqxon Ibrat Creative School in To‘raqo‘rg‘on District.Despite her young age, Nilufar has achieved several accomplishments before the age of 12. As a young translator, she has translated many short stories from Uzbek into English. Through each new translation, she continues to develop not only her language skills but also her creative thinking and literary abilities.
One of Nilufar’s greatest dreams is to become a student at Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious higher education institutions. From an early age, she has been strengthening her passion for knowledge, language learning, reading, and creativity, moving steadily and confidently toward her goal.Her teachers and relatives describe her as intelligent, hardworking, inquisitive, and highly responsible. Every achievement Nilufar attains is a strong step toward her future success and greater accomplishments.
“MANAGEMENT AND CAREER PSYCHOLOGY IN THE MODERN WORLD: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS”
Urinova Robiyabonu
Student of Andijan branch of Kokan University
ANNOTATION
This article analyzes the current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competences have a significant impact on the management system. The methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are proposed as a solution to the problem.
Key words: career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competencies have a significant impact on the management system. Methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are offered as a solution to the problem.
Keywords : career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence.
INTRODUCTION
Management psychology is the relationship between the manager and the employee, motivation,
studies the leadership style and the psychological environment within the community. Career psychology analyzes a person’s choice of profession, professional development, obstacles in work and motivational factors. In the current conditions, these two areas are closely related to each other, and the effect of one of them is directly related to the development of the other. The importance of studying this topic is that in many organizations, the lack of leadership skills, the motivation of employees decline, difficulties in adapting to digital technologies and uncertainty in choosing a career are encountered in everyday life as a practical problem. Analyzing the topic on a scientific basis allows us to offer real solutions to these problems.
MAIN PART
As a result of the rapid changes in the modern labor market and management technologies, attention to the human factor is becoming stronger. The correct use of the psychological approach in management processes not only increases employee efficiency, but also serves the sustainable development of the organization. At the same time, in today’s conditions, there are a number of problems related to management and career psychology, which are one of the most urgent aspects of this field. Unhealthy psychological environment in society. Hostile relations between employees it leads to hiding information from each other, transferring information in a changed form. Even information and its re-transmission can be found as a form of revenge. The personal quality of employees participating in the exchange of information. Weakness of memory. It was found that a subordinate employee remembers 50% of the given information, while the leader remembers 60%. Therefore, when receiving information, it is necessary to clarify, repeat and record it. [1, B.116]
In today’s organizations, managers are required not only to give orders, but also to think strategically, to inspire the team, to communicate, to make joint decisions, to manage the process of change. However, in many organizations, leaders do not have the emotional state, communicative culture, and the principles of modern leadership. This leads to tension, misunderstanding, and a decrease in motivation in the team. Analyzing issues related to the relevant mechanisms, it proves that a person’s stable social skills, values, life position and strategy are the main factors that cause management learning.
In order to increase the effectiveness of management, it is necessary to organize leadership development programs. Special trainings for leaders: courses such as “team management”, “conflictology”, “emotional state” should be established. Listening to the opinion of employees by leaders, creating an atmosphere of respect and trust ensures psychologically healthy management.
In many organizations, employees do not have complete information about their future position, growth opportunities, and evaluation criteria. The abstract nature of the career system causes instability, dissatisfaction, slowness in professional development, and a decrease in motivation among employees.
It is necessary to develop road maps that clearly regulate career development, job requirements and growth stages. It is necessary to regularly analyze the evaluation system.
The introduction of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automated systems creates psychological problems among employees, such as fear of technology, feeling useless, digital fatigue, and resistance to change.
It is necessary to introduce strong educational programs for increasing digital literacy in organizations. It is important to introduce new technologies step by step, to establish experience sharing processes. It should be consistently explained that the main task of technologies is to ease the work of the employee, not the employee. In the process of changes, listening to the opinion of employees increases the level of psychological adaptation. Motivation is one of the main psychological factors of the enterprise’s efficiency. In order to increase motivation, it is necessary to create internal incentive systems, a culture of positive communication, rewards for efficiency, a comfortable working environment and a healthy team communication system. Accepting the suggestions of employees, appreciating their opinions, and recognizing their successes will increase their self-confidence.
A social psychological experiment is a goal-oriented communication between the examiner and the subject for the purpose of studying social phenomena. The experimenter, that is, the examiner, creates special conditions for all communication to take place and collects facts based on a clear plan under these conditions. As in general psychology, there are different types of natural and laboratory experiments in social psychology. An example of a natural experiment is the research conducted by the Russian pedagogue A. Makarenko on team formation and organization. American psychologist M. Sherif investigated the phenomena related to intergroup relations in natural conditions based on a special plan. His main goal was to study the psychological reasons for the emergence of various conflicts in a temporarily organized community – summer vacation camps.
The laboratory experiment was usually conducted in special conditions, in special rooms, with the help of the necessary tools and equipment. For the first time, the Russian scientist Bekhterev conducted social psychological research in laboratory conditions. Using special tools, he studied the accuracy of perception, the quality of memory, the characteristics of observation, individually and in group conditions, and the presence of a group Proved that it directly affects the mental processes of the member.
The laboratory experiment was later carried out by B.G.Ananev, Ye.S. Kuzmin, V.S. Merlin, V.N. Myasishev, L.I. It was further improved by Umansky and others, and the apparatus method began to be widely used in social psychology. For example, the homeostat by F.D. Gorbov and M.A. Novikov, integrators for the group created by L.I. Umansky appeared and began to be widely used in the literature for the investigation of a group of phenomena. For example, the group homeostat checks whether the actions of the group members are compatible. is an arrow that can be turned in any direction, and the examiner watches the movement of each one. But they are given the following task: “You turn the arrow in such a way that your movement matches that of others, otherwise, because of your carelessness, the whole group will be punished.” experimentally proven. [3, B.45-46]
Such experiments show that when a common rhythm appears in the group, the participants begin to adapt to each other by themselves. Even if no one gives them specific instructions, people’s natural desire is not to deviate from the general flow and to adapt to the team. For a modern person, work is not just a source of income. Many people want to feel how useful they are in society. The motivation of a person who can find an answer to the question, “have I entered?”, is more stable. A meaningless job increases mental fatigue and dissatisfaction. On the contrary, an employee who works with a clear goal: distributes his energy correctly, can make long-term plans, manages the career path in a conscious manner. Another important psychological basis of management is trust. in the environment; the employee can freely express his opinion, has the courage to introduce new things, is not afraid of mistakes, does not force what the boss says, but understands it. The formation of trust is related to the honesty of the leader, stable decisions and adherence to justice.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I can say that in the modern world, management and career psychology is an important direction that ensures the development of organizations and employees, putting the human factor in the center. For effective management, the emotional intelligence of leaders, the ability to motivate and transformational leadership styles are of great importance. Such an approach makes teamwork effective, creates a positive psychological environment among employees and reduces stress. guarantees the stable and successful operation of the support organization.
Tashkent University of Humanitarian Sciences 2nd-year student Sobirova Iroda Аbdulaziz qizi
Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Strategies
Abstract The article reveals the essence and significance of innovative entrepreneurship as a key factor in economic development. It analyzes the main innovative directions for the development of entrepreneurship, including digitalization, technological, and social innovations. Based on the mechanisms of state support for the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses and world experience (for example, Japan), proposals and recommendations have been developed. Keywords: Innovative Entrepreneurship, Digital Economy, Product Innovation, Technological Innovation, Social Innovation, Venture Capital, Technoparks.
Introduction In the transition to an innovative path of economic development, entrepreneurship, especially small business, plays a crucial role. Success in modern market conditions is not limited to effective management of existing resources, but also requires the search for new ideas and their implementation in practice (innovative activity) (Source 1.1). The objective of the article is to scientifically and theoretically substantiate the innovative directions for entrepreneurship development and to propose effective strategies for their implementation.
Essence and Types of Innovative Entrepreneurship One of the main tasks of entrepreneurship is creativity and the pursuit of creating new products (services) (Source 1.1). Innovative entrepreneurship is the initiative that introduces new products to the market, implements new production technologies, or brings in new forms of business organization.
There are three main types of innovative entrepreneurship, aimed at different goals (Source 2.3): Product Innovations: Renewal of the company’s sales potential, expansion of market share, and creation of new jobs. Technology Innovations: Saving energy and raw materials, increasing labor productivity, and renewing production capacity. Social Innovations: Improving the social environment of the enterprise, mobilizing employees towards a common goal, and enhancing the organization’s reputation.
Priority Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development The main directions for the development of modern entrepreneurship include:
Digital Technologies and Digitalization In the context of the digital economy, creating a favorable business environment for the development of innovative entrepreneurship is highly relevant. This includes the application of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud technologies, Big Data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) into business processes. Digitalization also enables the development of remote work forms, which serves to increase work efficiency (Sources 1.5, 1.6).
Innovative Development of Education and Human Resources Potential Modern approaches to preparing for entrepreneurial activity, especially the use of business simulation programs (training for the future), are important. This helps young people gain interest and practical skills for starting their own business. The government’s intention to integrate entrepreneurship holistically into the entire education system also indicates the priority of this direction (Sources 1.3, 2.5).
Institutional Support and Infrastructure The role of the state in regulating and stimulating the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity is significant. Key directions include: Developing the venture capital market. Establishing technoparks, innovation centers, and clusters (Sources 2.1, 2.4). Improving the system of tax incentives for entrepreneurs engaged in innovative activities (Source 1.5).
Conclusion and Recommendations The innovative development of entrepreneurship is a prerequisite for ensuring the country’s economic progress. This process should primarily be aimed at the commercialization of new ideas and increasing the innovative activity of small businesses.
Practical Recommendations Expanding Innovative Infrastructure: It is advisable to increase the number of innovation centers in the regions and support local industrial enterprises involved in technological innovations (Source 2.6). Stimulating Demand for Innovations: Ensuring a comprehensive system for the creation of new types of products and innovative technologies from the idea stage to the final consumer. Implementing Foreign Experience: Deeply studying and implementing the experience of developed countries, such as Japan, in developing regional innovative entrepreneurship (technopolises, research centers) (Source 2.7).
List of References (Bibliography) Textbooks, Monographs, and Publications Schumpeter, J. A. (2007). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Moscow: Eksmo. (For the theoretical foundations of innovative entrepreneurship). Freeman, C. (2011). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Moscow: Infra-M. (To cover the impact of technological innovation on the economy). Porter, M. E. (2011). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Moscow: Alpina Publisher. (For analyzing competition and innovative advantage). Scientific Articles and Journals Kadirov, A. Z. (2020). The role of innovations in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar (Economics and Innovative Technologies), (1), 240–255. (To include local experience). Nabiev, N. N. (2021). Directions for the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of the digital economy. Moliya va bank ishi (Finance and Banking), (3), 78–85. (To cover the digitalization direction). Saidov, M. A. (2019). Mechanisms for increasing the innovative activity of business entities. Bozor, pul va kredit (Market, Money, and Credit), (6), 55–63. Statistical Compilations, Reports, and Internet Sources Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-60 of January 28, 2022, “On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026”. National Database of Legislation. (To substantiate state strategic directions). OECD. (2021). Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2021. Paris: OECD Publishing. (For international experience and statistical data). World Bank. (2020). Digital Economy for Development (DE4D) Project Report. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. (To analyze the impact of digital technologies). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2023). Global Innovation Index 2023 Report. Geneva: WIPO. (To include global innovation ranking data).
