Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages Foreign Language and Literature, German Language Course Student of group 402 Yunusova Khodisa Scientific supervisor Isamutdinova Durdona Learning a foreign language through games and stage play
Annotation: This article analyzes the effectiveness of teaching foreign languages, in particular, German, through games and stage play (szenisches Spiel). By stimulating children’s natural curiosity and creative thinking, game activities make the process of mastering a foreign language more interesting and effective. The study highlights the possibilities of developing language skills through methods such as game forms, role-playing, and dramatization. The article contains practical recommendations for teachers, methodologists, and those who want to teach a foreign language through an interactive approach.
Annotation: This article explores the effectiveness of teaching foreign languages, particularly German, through play and dramatic play (szenisches Spiel). By fostering children’s natural curiosity and creative thinking, making playful activities the language acquisition process more engaging and efficient. The study highlights how methods such as role-playing, dramatization, and game-based learning can support language skill development. It offers practical recommendations for teachers, educators, and those seeking to adopt an interactive approach to language instructions.
Annotation: V dannoy state rassmatrivaetsya effektifnost obucheniya inostrannym yazykam, v chastnosti nemetskomu, cherez igru i stsenicheskuyu igru (szenisches Spiel). Blagodarya stimulirovaniyu estestvennogo lyubopytstva i tvorcheskogo myshleniya detey, igrovye vidy deyatelnosti delayut process language learning is more uvlekatelnym and rezultativnym. V isledovanii osveshchayutsya vozmojnosti razvitiya yazykovyx navykov through role-playing games, dramatization and other acting methods. Statya soderjit prakticheskie rekomendatsii dlya prepodavateley, methodistov i vsex, kto stremitsya an integrated interactive approach and foreign language teaching.
Keywords: foreign language, play-based learning, stage play, dramatization, interactive teaching, language skills, methodology, creative approach Keywords: foreign language, play-based learning, dramatic play, dramatization, interactive teaching, language skills, methodology, creative approach Preschool education is the first stage of our children’s education and upbringing. It is known that in recent years, learning a foreign language has become not only a way to develop human thinking, but also a social activity.
Foreign language teaching is taught as a mandatory part of almost all stages of the continuous education system. Not only the demand for a foreign language in society, but also parents pay significant attention to the introduction of a foreign language to their young children during their preschool years is being addressed. On the other hand, we can say that learning a foreign language in today’s era is a time-consuming and social activity. Language is considered not only a factor in educating a modern person, but also the basis of socio-material well-being in society.
If we compare the current time with the previous 10 or 15 years ago, knowing a foreign language was required only for specialists in a certain field, now knowing at least 1 foreign language is a necessity for representatives of each field. According to experts in the field, the main reason for the frequent problems in teaching foreign languages is related to the age of foreign language learners. It is recommended that they start learning other foreign languages much earlier, that is, it is necessary to learn a foreign language from the age of 3-7 years old.
In the minds of preschool children, elementary communication skills in a foreign language are also developing rapidly. The main goal of teaching preschool children a foreign language is to develop the ability to use a foreign language to achieve their goals in the future and express their thoughts and feelings in life relationships. The advantage of teaching preschool children to learn a foreign language is that the younger the children are, the less their vocabulary. For example, 3-year-old children have a vocabulary of 300-400 words, and 4-year-old children have a vocabulary of 500-600 words. The preschool age of a child from 3 to 7 years old constitutes a large part of childhood. It is mainly from this period that the child’s independent activities develop. However, at the same time, his needs for speech acquisition decrease.
Ciro, eleven years old, a torrent of energy contained in a body and an intellectual mind. Your eyes, two deep pools reflecting the blue sky, serene yet full of the restlessness typical of your age. In them I see the future, a path yet to be charted, full of infinite possibilities. A future that fills me with pride and hope.
Constantino, eight years old, a spring sun in your shining blond curls. Your laughter, a spring that flows endlessly, brightening every moment. You are joy personified, a whirlwind of pure energy that infects everyone around you. A hug from you is a shot of optimism, a balm that heals any sorrow.
Milo, five years old, a little dark-skinned prince, sweet as honey. Your eyes, two bright stars that shine with radiant innocence. Your silence, sometimes, speaks louder than a thousand words, conveying a deep and comforting peace. You are the calm after the storm, the warm embrace that comforts me at the end of the day. A sweet whisper that reminds me of life’s simple beauty.
I love my princes.
GRACIELA NOEMI VILLAVERDE is a writer and poet from Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Rios) Argentina, based in Buenos Aires She graduated in letters and is the author of seven books of poetry, awarded several times worldwide. She works as the World Manager of Educational and Social Projects of the Hispanic World Union of Writers and is the UHE World Honorary President of the same institution Activa de la Sade, Argentine Society of Writers. She is the Commissioner of Honor in the executive cabinet IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, of the UNACCC SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA CHAPTER.
This article provides detailed information about Qurut, one of the favorite foods of Asian people. At the same time, its history, benefits and preparation process are also included in the article. It contains information about which diseases the substances and vitamins in Qurut prevent and treat.
В этой статье представлена подробная информация о Куруте, одном из любимых блюд азиатских народов. В то же время в статью также включены его история, преимущества и процесс приготовления. Содержит информацию о том, какие заболевания предупреждают и лечат вещества и витамины, содержащиеся в куруте.
Ключевые слова: Курут, йогурт, витамины, молочные продукты, процесс приготовления, польза.
Abstrakt
Ushbu maqolada Osiyo xalqlarining sevimli yeguliklaridan biri bo‘lgan Qurut haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar beriladi. Shu bilan birga uning tarixi, foydalari va tayyorlanish jarayoni ham maqoladan o‘rin olgan. Unda Qurut tarkibidagi moddalar, vitaminlar aynan qaysi kasalliklarning oldini olishi va davolashi haqida ma’lumotlar mavjud.
Kalit so‘zlar:Qurut, yogurt, vitaminlar, sut mahsulotlari, tayyorlanish jarayoni, foydalari.
Qurut has long been a favorite food of Asian countries. Qurut was prepared from them to prevent dairy products from quickly becoming unfit for consumption.
Qurut in an easy-to-carry form and saved themselves from hunger during long walks. One of the 13th century, Qurut served as the main food for Genghis Khan’s soldiers. Those who prepared main reasons for the spread of Qurut is the Great Silk Road. It is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins (A, B2, B6, D, E), salts, and probiotics. Nomadic Turkish people in particular prepared it for winter supplies and for pastoral life. In the
Preparation process:
1. Milk is boiled at 90-100 degrees for 15-20 minutes and cooled to 40-45 degrees.
2. Yogurt (2-3 percent) is added to milk and a mass is formed over time.
3. Mass it is waved, and butter and ayran(buttermilk) are obtained. After the separation of the serum, a thick mass is formed.
4.The ayran(ayran is liquid that is produced when yogurt is waved ) is boiled about 10 minutes at 90-100 degrees.
5. Boiled ayran is putted in a bag and seperated from the whey.
6. After that process, a thick mass is formed.
7. Salt, spicy according to taste, various greens, including basil, jambil are added to the mass and made into a round shape. it is mostly round, but sometimes it can be square, cylinder and billiard ball size.
8. The dried Qurut is dried in the sun for 2-3 days with gauze on top. The dried Qurut is placed in special bags. This product can be stored at any temperature for up to 8 years, during this period it does not lose its quality.
Benefits. The small size of Qurut is very useful for human life. It contains many substances that increase the human immune system. These are: vitamins B2, D, E, A. Vitamin B2 – it strengthens memory, increases resistance to stress and fatigue, improves attention and thinking, helps fight depression, acts as a source of energy for the brain to function properly. Vitamin D – it plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. It prevents rickets (softening and deformation of bones), which is especially common in young children. In addition, the vitamin A it contains improves vision, protects the body from viruses and bacteria, prevents colds and other diseases. It maintains skin and hair health, strengthens bones and teeth, and improves intestinal and stomach function. The iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium it contains help children grow taller, prevent blood clots in damaged areas, and repair dead cells. Since it is high in salt, it is recommended to drink water after eating it.
Uses:
Can be crushed into soups.
Can be used to make a drink from qurut.
Can be eaten as a snack.
Can be added to salads and pasta.
Qurut is mainly widespread in Asia. Therefore, it is called differently in different countries of Asia. For example, in Uzbekistan it is called qurut, in Tajikistan kashk or qurut, in Turkmenistan gurt, in Iran kashk, in Kyrgyzstan kurut, in Kazakhstan kurt. In addition, it is used for various purposes. For example, in Uzbekistan it is added to chalob, masatava, soups and salads. In Tajikistan it is used for kashk-o-bodonjan, osh and soups. In Turkmenistan it is eaten with gurt dishes, that is, soups and meat dishes, as well as tea. In Iran, dishes such as ash-e-reshteh, kashk-e-kadoo and kashk-e-bademjan are prepared with qurut. In Kyrgyzstan, chalap, lagman, besh barg, etc. are also eaten with qurut. In Kazakhstan, it is drunk with tea, added to meat soups.
Sometimes it can be eaten crushed with bread. In Afghanistan, ashak is eaten with qurut sauce, mantu is eaten with qurut mixture, and kashk-e-badenjan is eaten with qurut solution.Qurut is mainly widespread in Asia. Therefore, it is called differently in different countries of Asia. For example, in Uzbekistan it is called qurut, in Tajikistan kashk or qurut, in Turkmenistan gurt, in Iran kashk, in Kyrgyzstan kurut, in Kazakhstan kurt. In addition, it is used for various purposes. For example, in Uzbekistan it is added to chalob, masatava, soups and salads. In Tajikistan it is used for kashk-o-bodonjan, osh and soups. In Turkmenistan it is eaten with gurt dishes, that is, soups and meat dishes, as well as tea. In Iran, dishes such as ash-e-reshteh, kashk-e-kadoo and kashk-e-bademjan are prepared with qurut. In Kyrgyzstan, chalap, lagman, besh barg, etc. are also eaten with qurut. In Kazakhstan, it is drunk with tea, added to meat soups. Sometimes it can be eaten crushed with bread.
In Afghanistan, ashak is eaten with qurut sauce, mantu is eaten with qurut mixture, and kashk-e-badenjan is eaten with qurut solution. Qurut is mainly widespread in Asia. Therefore, it is called differently in different countries of Asia. For example, in Uzbekistan it is called qurut, in Tajikistan kashk or qurut, in Turkmenistan gurt, in Iran kashk, in Kyrgyzstan kurut, in Kazakhstan kurt. In addition, it is used for various purposes. For example, in Uzbekistan it is added to chalob, masatava, soups and salads. In Tajikistan it is used for kashk-o-bodonjan, osh and soups. In Turkmenistan it is eaten with gurt dishes, that is, soups and meat dishes, as well as tea. In Iran, dishes such as ash-e-reshteh, kashk-e-kadoo and kashk-e-bademjan are prepared with qurut. In Kyrgyzstan, chalap, lagman, besh barg, etc. are also eaten with qurut. In Kazakhstan, it is drunk with tea, added to meat soups. Sometimes it can be eaten crushed with bread. In Afghanistan, ashak is eaten with qurut sauce, mantu is eaten with qurut mixture, and kashk-e-badenjan is eaten with qurut solution.
Prices also vary: in Uzbekistan, the average price is 60,000 soums per 1 kg. In Kyrgyzstan, it is 100-120 soums per 1 kg. In Kazakhstan, it is about 600-800 tenge per 1 kg. In Russia, since this product is an imported product, the price can be around 300-400 rubles per 1 kg. In the USA and European countries, it is an exotic product and costs $ 10-15 per 1 kg. These are all average approximate prices.
Qurut is also produced in various ways in the economy. For example, traditional dry food production, that is, the preparation process is mainly carried out manually, and sometimes in small craft enterprises. In industry, the dry food production process is carried out in drying workshops, that is, using special technological equipment. Dry food is mainly produced in flat or powdered form and packaged and taken to the market. Dry food chips, dry sauces and spices, energy bars are products made from dry food. Exporting dry food to the international arena includes stages such as packaging, quality control inspection and certification.
Conclusion. Qurut is one of the ancient foods and it still retains its importance in Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, etc.). Although it is small in size, it is a dairy product that contains many benefits. At the same time, it allows you to have full strength during long trips. Because it was difficult to carry other dairy products, including yogurt, milk, etc. in good quality during trips, but Qurut is an exception. Ancient nomadic people wanted to carry quality dairy products with them during their trips, and as a result, they invented Qurut, which has a long shelf life. Currently, Qurut is among the most popular products in the world.
References:
Aigerm Tuganbay, Amin Y.,Per E.J.S,” Production of kurut(kurt) using probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain in combination with a yeast isolated from Kazakhstan kurut”, Frontiers in Food Science and Technology 2, 2022
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages Foreign Language and Literature, German Language Direction Student of Group 402 Yunusova Khodisa Scientific Advisor Ismanova Odinakhon
Morphological construction of a word: types and classes of morphemes. Diachronic and synchronic view of word structure. Morpheme and allomorphemes.
Abstract: This article analyzes the morphological construction of a word, that is, the types and classes of morphemes, which are the smallest meaningful parts of a word. Also, approaches to word structure from the diachronic (historical development) and synchronic (current state) points of view are studied. The article also examines in detail the concepts of morpheme and allomorpheme, their differences from each other and their scope.
Annotation: This article analyzes the morphological structure of words, focusing on the types and classifications of morphemes—the smallest meaningful units of language. It explores both diachronic (historical development) and synchronic (current state) approaches to word structure. The article also discusses the concepts of morpheme and allomorph, highlighting their differences and usage in linguistic analysis.
Abstract: V dannoy state rassmatrivaetsya morfologicheskoe stroenie slova, a imenno tipy i klassifikatsii morphem — naimenshikh znachimyx edinits zyzyka. Analyziruyutsya diachronichesky (historical development) and synchronic (modern state) approaches to the structure of words. Takje podzlo rassmatrivayutsya concepts of morphemy and allomorphy, ix razlichiya i oblasti primeneniya v lingvistike.
Keywords: morphological structure, morpheme, allomorph, word formation, diachronic approach, synchronic approach, linguistic analysis
Morphology studies word classes, their grammatical meanings, grammatical categories specific to each class, grammatical forms and grammatical meanings that give rise to these categories, and the structure of the word. Just as a language consists of a system, its morphology also forms its own system. In turn, the morphological system also consists of its own sub-systems. By elucidating the essence of each of them, the morphology of the language is studied as a whole, as a system. The internal system (subsystem) specific to each word class is formed by morphological categories specific to this class. Morphological categories consist of a unity of general and specific meanings specific to a particular phenomenon and word forms expressing these meanings.
The essence of certain morphological categories is determined by the clarification of these word forms and their general and specific meanings. In other words, the essence of one of the internal systems within the morphological system is determined. For example, the tense category of a verb constitutes a separate system in the M. of the verb. Therefore, the expression “system of verb tenses” is also used in relation to the tenses of the verb. The essence of the tense category of the verb, the tense system, is that all tense forms express the relationship of the action to the time of speech (moment of speech). This is a feature common to all tense forms.
At the same time, the verb form (forms) of each tense have their own specific characteristics. For example, past tense forms indicate that the action took place before the time of speech, present tense forms indicate that the action took place during the time of speech, and future tense forms indicate that the action took place after the time of speech. These common and specific features of verb tense forms are the essence of the tense category, the system of verb tenses.
Therefore, by determining the essence of each morphological category related to the verb class, the morphological system of the verb is illuminated. In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and how they relate to other words in the language. It studies the structure and parts of words, such as the root, stem, prefix, and suffix. Morphology also studies the ways in which word classes, intonation, stress, and context change the pronunciation and meaning of words. Morphology is distinct from the morphological classification system, which classifies languages according to the way words are used, and from lexicology, which studies how words and their structures make up the vocabulary of a language. Phonological and orthographic changes between a root word and its derivation can affect literacy skills.
