The Wandering Hat 

It was a summer night,

the stars were mirrors of a wandering soul,

my friend, a whisper of wind in the countryside,

decided that life was a vibrant song.

We boarded the train, an iron leviathan,

devouring the tracks with its fiery breath,

but in a twist in the fabric of time,

his hat, a balloon, rose into the present.

The train, a river of steel in its bed,

took its emblem, its shadow on the journey,

and he, like a navigator in search of a lasso,

ran after his star, his light, his passenger.

Laughter and wailing danced in the air,

as the train vanished into the gloom,

my friend, a poet in his own disdain,

promised he would return, and he did so in the mist.

In the end, she understood that the waves of fate

sometimes require us to let go of what overwhelms us,

like a hat that flies along a road,

laughter is a compass, and the journey, a feather.

GRACIELA NOEMI VILLAVERDE is a writer and poet from Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Rios) Argentina, based in Buenos Aires She graduated in letters and is the author of seven books of poetry, awarded several times worldwide. She works as the World Manager of Educational and Social Projects of the Hispanic World Union of Writers and is the UHE World Honorary President of the same institution Activa de la Sade, Argentine Society of Writers. She is the Commissioner of Honor in the executive cabinet IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONS DIVISION, of the UNACCC SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA CHAPTER.

Father’s Shadow

You’re gone, yet you’re everywhere.

In the scent of morning tea, in the quiet of the house when everything is still.

In a phrase I speak, not knowing I once learned it from you.

You loved cats, dogs, birds — every creature that breathes.

You used to say animals are more honest than people,

and you spoke to them as equals.

They loved you, just as the world did — quietly, but forever.

You would stand in the middle of the room and recite,

with hands that never sought applause,

only to let the feeling pass through you.

In your words lived dignity, warmth,

and that rare closeness that made people fall silent and listen.

You left as gently as you lived.

Without grand words, without noise.

But you didn’t disappear — you became part of everything I love.

Part of me.

Sometimes I feel you near.

In the cat curled in my lap, in the dog’s gaze waiting by the door.

In the voice that guides me when I don’t know where to go.

They say time heals.

Perhaps.

But what you were — it doesn’t fade.

It stayed.

In the way I love, in the way I remain silent, in a gaze that still seeks kindness. Sometimes I write you letters.

No address, no stamp.

Only the heart knows where they go.

And I don’t cry as often now,

but when the wind stirs the curtains —

I know it’s you.

Your gentle spirit, your silence that embraces better.

Maja Milojković was born in Zaječar and divides her life between Serbia and Denmark. In Serbia, she serves as the deputy editor-in-chief at the publishing house Sfairos in Belgrade. She is also the founder and vice president of the Rtanj and Mesečev Poets’ Circle, which counts 800 members, and the editor-in-chief of the international e-magazine Area Felix, a bilingual Serbian-English publication. She writes literary reviews, and as a poet, she is represented in numerous domestic and international literary magazines, anthologies, and electronic media. Some of her poems are also available on the YouTube platform. Maja Milojković has won many international awards. She is an active member of various associations and organizations advocating for peace in the world, animal protection, and the fight against racism. She is the author of two books: Mesečev krug (Moon Circle) and Drveće Želje (Trees of Desire). She is one of the founders of the first mixed-gender club Area Felix from Zaječar, Serbia, and is currently a member of the same club. She is a member of the literary club Zlatno Pero from Knjaževac, and the association of writers and artists Gorski Vidici from Podgorica, Montenegro.

Homeland

In the heart of the land, where the rivers flow,

Lies a country, rich with stories to show.

It’s a tapestry of cultures, woven with pride,

A place where diversity stands side by side.

From the bustling cities to the tranquil plains,

The country’s beauty forever remains.

Mountains reaching high, touching the sky,

And valleys so deep, where rivers run by.

In the north, the snow-capped peaks stand tall,

While in the south, golden beaches enthrall.

The east is adorned with lush greenery,

And in the west, deserts stretch endlessly.

The people here, with their spirit so strong,

Sing songs of freedom, for which they long.

They celebrate traditions, old and new,

And honor the land, in all that they do.

The country’s history, a tale of triumph and sorrow,

A journey of resilience, shaping tomorrow.

From ancient civilizations to modern-day grace,

Each chapter adds color to this vibrant place.

The cities pulse with life, a symphony of sound,

Where dreams are pursued, and opportunities abound.

Yet in the countryside, time moves at its own pace,

With fields of gold and open space.

The food is a fusion of flavors so bold,

Reflecting the heritage, centuries old.

Spices that dance on the tongue with delight,

A feast for the senses, morning to night.

The country’s soul lies in its people’s embrace,

Their warmth and kindness, a comforting grace.

They welcome strangers with open arms,

And share their stories, their joys, and their charms.

As the sun sets on this land so fair,

And stars twinkle in the evening air,

The country whispers tales of old and new,

A testament to its beauty, tried and true.

So here’s to the country, with its boundless allure,

A place of wonder, so bright and pure.

May it thrive and prosper, forevermore,

A timeless treasure to adore.

Student of the Uzbek National Institute of Music and Art named after Yunus Rajabi

Oh life, why do you torment my father so?

Day and night he works, without rest at all.

Oh life, why so many trials must he know?

Aren’t his graying hairs proof enough of his toll?

So we lack nothing, he gives all he can,

His hands are worn, scarred, and bruised.

Without pause he runs, a tireless man,

Yet never complains — his pure heart’s not abused.

Oh life, and what about my mother dear,

Why bring sorrow to her gentle soul?

She worked hard, shared her wisdom clear,

Surely joy is her rightful goal?

Oh life, just look at my parents both,

They fulfilled every wish I ever spoke.

If I wanted fancy clothes, they’d say “yes”,

While they themselves wore old, torn cloaks.

So that I wouldn’t lack, when I had asked,

You gave more than enough — my shield, my dad.

“Protect your honor, know your worth,” you’d say,

With teary eyes, my mother would guide my way.

If I were a man, I’d help with the chores,

Even if not much, I’d do something more.

But now — I only ask, this and that,

My troubles I tell you in an endless chat.

In this world, I’m truly in your debt,

May God grant you a long life yet.

Your service to me — I can never repay,

Even if I walked you to Hajj all the way.

My shield, dear father, purest mother mine,

This debt I owe — I know I’ll never unwind.

But if God wills it, in the life to come,

All my blessings I’ll give you — every one!

Elbekova Shohsanam Ne’matjon qizi. Born on July 31, 2002 in the Namangan district of the Namangan region. She graduated from secondary school No. 22 in the district, then from the Uzbek language department of Namangan State University. Currently, she is a 1st-year master’s student at the Namangan State Pedagogical Institute. She has been familiar with poetry and literature since childhood. To date, her poetry collections “Nurli manzil”, “Ayol madhi” have been published. Her poems and articles on various topics are regularly covered in the media. Shohsanam’s goal is to become an accomplished specialist in her profession and share her useful knowledge with the future generation.

UROLOGICAL DISEASES AND THEIR MEDICAL TREATMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW

Anorov Sirojiddin Nozimjon o’g’li

A student of the Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University

Abstract: This comprehensive review explores common urological conditions—urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), kidney stones, neurogenic bladder, and urological fibrosis syndromes—and their evidence-based medical and minimally invasive treatments. We summarize current pharmacological therapies, endo-urologic procedures, and emerging interventions while highlighting prevention strategies and future research directions.

Keywords: Urological diseases; Urinary tract infections; BPH; Urinary incontinence; Kidney stones; Neurogenic bladder; Pharmacotherapy; Endo-urology; Minimally invasive procedures; Urological fibrosis

Introduction: Urological diseases significantly impact global health, affecting over 26 million individuals annually and causing more than \$11 billion in healthcare expenditures.Effective management of these conditions is critical to improving patient quality of life and reducing the burden on health systems.

COMMON UROLOGICAL DISEASES & THEIR MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs remain one of the most common infections in primary and hospital care, especially in women

Antibiotic therapy: remains first-line but contributes to increasing antimicrobial resistance

Non-antibiotic adjuncts(cranberry products, D-mannose, probiotics, NSAIDs, estrogens, immunotherapy) show promise but evidence lacks to fully replace antibiotics

Probiotics: with anti-inflammatory and microbiome-modulating effects, are gaining attention for UTI prevention and recurrence reduction .

Urinary Incontinence: Urinary incontinence (UI) encompasses stress, urge, overflow, and functional types and significantly impairs quality of life.

Conservative method: pelvic floor exercises, lifestyle adjustments, absorbent aids.

Pharmacotherapy: anticholinergics and β3-agonists for urge UI.

Surgery/devices: slings, tension-free tape, artificial sphincters, particularly when conservative methods fail.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): BPH affects >60% of men over 50 and causes lower urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, weak flow, and nocturia.

α1-blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) and 5α-reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) are first-line therapies.

Minimally invasive procedures: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) offers symptomatic relief with fewer complications, though with higher retreatment rates than TURP.

Surgical gold standard: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is highly effective, albeit with risks.

Kidney stones are commonly managed with non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches:

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the standard therapy for stones <20 mm, achieving 80–85% success, with risks of renal hematoma and trauma.

Adjunct α-blockers post-ESWL enhance stone passage.

Endoscopic and percutaneous options** include ureteroscopy, laser lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy .

Neurogenic Bladder

Neurogenic bladder arises from neurological disorders (spinal injury, MS, Parkinson’s) and causes retention, incontinence, recurrent UTIs, stones, and renal damag .

Management involves clean intermittent catheterization, behavioral interventions, botulinum toxin injections, antimuscarinics, and surgical reconstruction for refractory cases .

Urological Fibrosis Disorders: Conditions such as Peyronie’s disease and urethral strictures involve fibrotic scarring.

Antifibrotic agents (collagenase injections, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferon) reduce fibrosis and recurrence, with collagenase (CCH) approved for Peyronie’s disease.

CONCLUSION: Urological disorders span infections, functional dysfunction, obstructive, calculi, neurogenic, and fibrotic etiologies. Treatment strategies range from lifestyle modification and antibiotics to pharmacotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, advanced surgeries, and emerging therapies like robotics and tissue engineering. A multidisciplinary, evidence-based, patient‑centered approach is essential to optimize outcomes, enhance quality of life, and reduce health-care costs.

REFERENCES:

1. Das et al. Probiotics in common urological conditions: narrative review.

2. Systematic review on antifibrotics in urology. *PubMed*

3. Non-antibiotic UTI prevention.

4. Leite G. Multidisciplinary treatment of urological syndromes.

5. Kidney stone disease – ESWL overview.

6. Endo-urology and stone management. *Urology PMC*

7. Urinary incontinence management.

8. Urological health in women – prevention. *J Womens Health PMC*

9. Robotics in urological surgery. *PMC*

10. Alpha‑1 blockers in BPH. *Wikipedia*

11. BPH minimally invasive treatment. 

THESE ARE NOT LEAVES

These are not leaves that the autumn

throws on my hair, my shoulders;

they are hands greeting me today

while I drag an old and heavy suitcase

that keeps the seasons we lived together.

These are not raindrops running down

my cheeks, but tears: so limpid and clear.

These are not puddles reflecting now my

face but rivers of thoughts and reflections.

Goodbyes always hurt; they leave you

bitter in the heart, even if, somewhere

out there, a world of magic colors waits…

MY ANIMA, A FEATHER

It was just a quick embrace, like

the elusive flight of a butterfly

brushing in an instant your hair.

It was just a warm hug inside a

body that trembled like a leaf,

that anonymous world, which

was a thousand times much

more familiar than my house.

It was nothing more than a hug,

but who knows why—in those

moments, my anima felt so light,

like a feather that ascends to the sky.

THE SPECTACLE OF THE SKY

It is the same light when I get up fast,

when I run towards the bus like crazy,

when it passes me by and I rest there,

just like a melancholic stain.

It’s the same tree and the same people

I see every day, the same trembling of

leaves and the delicate fall of them.

But the sky shows a diverse spectacle;

sometimes it’s gray, sometimes blue

or covered with a handful of clouds,

so soft and white. It often shows me

a plane that crosses it noisily, just like

a giant bird with its rigid, immovable

wings flying towards the infinite.

IRMA KURTI is an Albanian poet, writer, lyricist, journalist, and translator and has been writing since she was a child. She is a naturalized Italian and lives in Bergamo, Italy. Kurti has won numerous literary prizes and awards in Albania, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, USA, Philippines, Lebanon and China. She was awarded the Universum Donna International Prize IX Edition 2013 for Literature and received a lifetime nomination as an Ambassador of Peace by the University of Peace, Italian Switzerland. In 2020, she became the honorary president of WikiPoesia, the encyclopedia of poetry. In 2021, she was awarded the title of Liria (Freedom) by the Italian-Albanian community in Italy. She received the Leonardo da Vinci and Giacomo Leopardi prizes from the Chimera Arte Contemporanea Cultural Association of Lecce. The same association also honored her with the European Ambassador Award and named her the Best Poet of the Year in 2022.

She received the Grazia Deledda medal and diploma of merit from the National Committee of WikiPoesia on the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great Italian poet. In 2023 she was awarded a Career Award from the Universum Academy Switzerland.

Irma Kurti is a member of the jury for several literary competitions in Italy. She is also a translator for the Ithaca Foundation in Spain.

Irma Kurti has published more than 100 works, including books of poetry, fiction and translations. She is one of the most translated and published Albanian poets. Her books have been translated and published in 21 countries.

Why Are Study Abroad Semesters Valuable for Students?

Meaning of These Programs – What Are They?

A study abroad semester is a life-changing experience – but how exactly?

Costs, Challenges, and Requirements

Nowadays, there are many foreign citizens in my country. Are they just tourists? Not quite. Today we see young people coming from abroad to various parts of our country. The reason is the global student exchange program. This program has a long history and began to develop in the 20th century. It was created to promote cultural and scientific cooperation between countries. A student exchange program allows students to temporarily study at a different university abroad. Through it, students gain knowledge and experience.

Historically, the United States was one of the first countries where such programs became popular, beginning with the Fulbright Program. One of the most well-known is the ERASMUS program – the oldest student exchange program in Europe, launched in 1987. Germany later developed its own version, with the DAAD program starting in 1925. These programs are highly popular among young people.

Experiences of Students:

Many students report positive experiences with exchange programs. Jabboraliev O., who studies at Kuala Lumpur University in Malaysia, said: “I expanded my professional experience through the exchange program. That’s why I’ve worked in many areas of my field.” This shows that exchange programs offer career benefits too.

Dilafruz, a student who studied in Japan, said: “My verbal communication improved significantly.” In particular, her ability to express herself in Japanese grew. This proves students can also benefit linguistically from exchange programs.

Advantages of Student Exchange Programs:

Exchange programs offer many benefits. Students gain new knowledge and boost their academic progress. But that’s not all. Studying abroad helps develop important personal skills, such as:

– Intercultural Competence: Students learn to understand and respect cultural differences by engaging directly with people from diverse backgrounds.

– Independence: Living in a foreign country forces students to organize daily life independently – from housing to daily routines.

– Language Skills: Constant exposure to a foreign language helps students improve their language proficiency.

– Better Career Opportunities: Employers value international experience, which signals flexibility and adaptability.

Challenges:

Of course, there are also difficulties. Many students face the following challenges when moving abroad:

– Financial Issues: Living abroad can be expensive. Students often need scholarships or part-time jobs.

– Different Education Systems: Learning methods may differ from those in the home country, requiring students to adapt.

– Cultural Differences: Adapting to new customs and traditions can be tough in a foreign country.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, student exchange programs are an excellent opportunity for young people to gain international experience, explore other cultures, and improve both academically and professionally. They help students adjust to new environments and foster mutual understanding between cultures.

During the program, students learn how to navigate life in a foreign country, speak new languages, and enhance communication skills. These experiences are valuable in today’s world and can improve future career prospects. Additionally, students form international connections that may benefit them later.

Despite the challenges, such as financial burdens, housing issues, or differences in education systems, these very obstacles help students become more independent and adaptable.

Overall, exchange programs are a key component of global education. They not only help young people expand their knowledge but also support personal growth. International exchange strengthens relationships between countries and universities. Therefore, such programs should continue to be supported so more students can benefit.

Oyatillo Jabboraliev was born in Fergana region. He is a student at Xiamen University in Malaysia.