“MANAGEMENT AND CAREER PSYCHOLOGY IN THE MODERN WORLD: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS”
Urinova Robiyabonu
Student of Andijan branch of Kokan University
ANNOTATION
This article analyzes the current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competences have a significant impact on the management system. The methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are proposed as a solution to the problem.
Key words: career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes current issues of management and career psychology in the modern world. Globalization, digitization, changes in the labor market and the demand for new competencies have a significant impact on the management system. Methods of positive psychology and emotional intelligence are offered as a solution to the problem.
Keywords : career psychology, globalization, competencies, positive psychology, emotional intelligence.
INTRODUCTION
Management psychology is the relationship between the manager and the employee, motivation,
studies the leadership style and the psychological environment within the community. Career psychology analyzes a person’s choice of profession, professional development, obstacles in work and motivational factors. In the current conditions, these two areas are closely related to each other, and the effect of one of them is directly related to the development of the other. The importance of studying this topic is that in many organizations, the lack of leadership skills, the motivation of employees decline, difficulties in adapting to digital technologies and uncertainty in choosing a career are encountered in everyday life as a practical problem. Analyzing the topic on a scientific basis allows us to offer real solutions to these problems.
MAIN PART
As a result of the rapid changes in the modern labor market and management technologies, attention to the human factor is becoming stronger. The correct use of the psychological approach in management processes not only increases employee efficiency, but also serves the sustainable development of the organization. At the same time, in today’s conditions, there are a number of problems related to management and career psychology, which are one of the most urgent aspects of this field. Unhealthy psychological environment in society. Hostile relations between employees it leads to hiding information from each other, transferring information in a changed form. Even information and its re-transmission can be found as a form of revenge. The personal quality of employees participating in the exchange of information. Weakness of memory. It was found that a subordinate employee remembers 50% of the given information, while the leader remembers 60%. Therefore, when receiving information, it is necessary to clarify, repeat and record it. [1, B.116]
In today’s organizations, managers are required not only to give orders, but also to think strategically, to inspire the team, to communicate, to make joint decisions, to manage the process of change. However, in many organizations, leaders do not have the emotional state, communicative culture, and the principles of modern leadership. This leads to tension, misunderstanding, and a decrease in motivation in the team. Analyzing issues related to the relevant mechanisms, it proves that a person’s stable social skills, values, life position and strategy are the main factors that cause management learning.
In order to increase the effectiveness of management, it is necessary to organize leadership development programs. Special trainings for leaders: courses such as “team management”, “conflictology”, “emotional state” should be established. Listening to the opinion of employees by leaders, creating an atmosphere of respect and trust ensures psychologically healthy management.
In many organizations, employees do not have complete information about their future position, growth opportunities, and evaluation criteria. The abstract nature of the career system causes instability, dissatisfaction, slowness in professional development, and a decrease in motivation among employees.
It is necessary to develop road maps that clearly regulate career development, job requirements and growth stages. It is necessary to regularly analyze the evaluation system.
The introduction of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automated systems creates psychological problems among employees, such as fear of technology, feeling useless, digital fatigue, and resistance to change.
It is necessary to introduce strong educational programs for increasing digital literacy in organizations. It is important to introduce new technologies step by step, to establish experience sharing processes. It should be consistently explained that the main task of technologies is to ease the work of the employee, not the employee. In the process of changes, listening to the opinion of employees increases the level of psychological adaptation. Motivation is one of the main psychological factors of the enterprise’s efficiency. In order to increase motivation, it is necessary to create internal incentive systems, a culture of positive communication, rewards for efficiency, a comfortable working environment and a healthy team communication system. Accepting the suggestions of employees, appreciating their opinions, and recognizing their successes will increase their self-confidence.
A social psychological experiment is a goal-oriented communication between the examiner and the subject for the purpose of studying social phenomena. The experimenter, that is, the examiner, creates special conditions for all communication to take place and collects facts based on a clear plan under these conditions. As in general psychology, there are different types of natural and laboratory experiments in social psychology. An example of a natural experiment is the research conducted by the Russian pedagogue A. Makarenko on team formation and organization. American psychologist M. Sherif investigated the phenomena related to intergroup relations in natural conditions based on a special plan. His main goal was to study the psychological reasons for the emergence of various conflicts in a temporarily organized community – summer vacation camps.
The laboratory experiment was usually conducted in special conditions, in special rooms, with the help of the necessary tools and equipment. For the first time, the Russian scientist Bekhterev conducted social psychological research in laboratory conditions. Using special tools, he studied the accuracy of perception, the quality of memory, the characteristics of observation, individually and in group conditions, and the presence of a group Proved that it directly affects the mental processes of the member.
The laboratory experiment was later carried out by B.G.Ananev, Ye.S. Kuzmin, V.S. Merlin, V.N. Myasishev, L.I. It was further improved by Umansky and others, and the apparatus method began to be widely used in social psychology. For example, the homeostat by F.D. Gorbov and M.A. Novikov, integrators for the group created by L.I. Umansky appeared and began to be widely used in the literature for the investigation of a group of phenomena. For example, the group homeostat checks whether the actions of the group members are compatible. is an arrow that can be turned in any direction, and the examiner watches the movement of each one. But they are given the following task: “You turn the arrow in such a way that your movement matches that of others, otherwise, because of your carelessness, the whole group will be punished.” experimentally proven. [3, B.45-46]
Such experiments show that when a common rhythm appears in the group, the participants begin to adapt to each other by themselves. Even if no one gives them specific instructions, people’s natural desire is not to deviate from the general flow and to adapt to the team. For a modern person, work is not just a source of income. Many people want to feel how useful they are in society. The motivation of a person who can find an answer to the question, “have I entered?”, is more stable. A meaningless job increases mental fatigue and dissatisfaction. On the contrary, an employee who works with a clear goal: distributes his energy correctly, can make long-term plans, manages the career path in a conscious manner. Another important psychological basis of management is trust. in the environment; the employee can freely express his opinion, has the courage to introduce new things, is not afraid of mistakes, does not force what the boss says, but understands it. The formation of trust is related to the honesty of the leader, stable decisions and adherence to justice.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I can say that in the modern world, management and career psychology is an important direction that ensures the development of organizations and employees, putting the human factor in the center. For effective management, the emotional intelligence of leaders, the ability to motivate and transformational leadership styles are of great importance. Such an approach makes teamwork effective, creates a positive psychological environment among employees and reduces stress. guarantees the stable and successful operation of the support organization.
Tashkent University of Humanitarian Sciences 2nd-year student Sobirova Iroda Аbdulaziz qizi
Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Strategies
Abstract The article reveals the essence and significance of innovative entrepreneurship as a key factor in economic development. It analyzes the main innovative directions for the development of entrepreneurship, including digitalization, technological, and social innovations. Based on the mechanisms of state support for the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses and world experience (for example, Japan), proposals and recommendations have been developed. Keywords: Innovative Entrepreneurship, Digital Economy, Product Innovation, Technological Innovation, Social Innovation, Venture Capital, Technoparks.
Introduction In the transition to an innovative path of economic development, entrepreneurship, especially small business, plays a crucial role. Success in modern market conditions is not limited to effective management of existing resources, but also requires the search for new ideas and their implementation in practice (innovative activity) (Source 1.1). The objective of the article is to scientifically and theoretically substantiate the innovative directions for entrepreneurship development and to propose effective strategies for their implementation.
Essence and Types of Innovative Entrepreneurship One of the main tasks of entrepreneurship is creativity and the pursuit of creating new products (services) (Source 1.1). Innovative entrepreneurship is the initiative that introduces new products to the market, implements new production technologies, or brings in new forms of business organization.
There are three main types of innovative entrepreneurship, aimed at different goals (Source 2.3): Product Innovations: Renewal of the company’s sales potential, expansion of market share, and creation of new jobs. Technology Innovations: Saving energy and raw materials, increasing labor productivity, and renewing production capacity. Social Innovations: Improving the social environment of the enterprise, mobilizing employees towards a common goal, and enhancing the organization’s reputation.
Priority Innovative Directions for Entrepreneurship Development The main directions for the development of modern entrepreneurship include:
Digital Technologies and Digitalization In the context of the digital economy, creating a favorable business environment for the development of innovative entrepreneurship is highly relevant. This includes the application of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud technologies, Big Data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) into business processes. Digitalization also enables the development of remote work forms, which serves to increase work efficiency (Sources 1.5, 1.6).
Innovative Development of Education and Human Resources Potential Modern approaches to preparing for entrepreneurial activity, especially the use of business simulation programs (training for the future), are important. This helps young people gain interest and practical skills for starting their own business. The government’s intention to integrate entrepreneurship holistically into the entire education system also indicates the priority of this direction (Sources 1.3, 2.5).
Institutional Support and Infrastructure The role of the state in regulating and stimulating the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity is significant. Key directions include: Developing the venture capital market. Establishing technoparks, innovation centers, and clusters (Sources 2.1, 2.4). Improving the system of tax incentives for entrepreneurs engaged in innovative activities (Source 1.5).
Conclusion and Recommendations The innovative development of entrepreneurship is a prerequisite for ensuring the country’s economic progress. This process should primarily be aimed at the commercialization of new ideas and increasing the innovative activity of small businesses.
Practical Recommendations Expanding Innovative Infrastructure: It is advisable to increase the number of innovation centers in the regions and support local industrial enterprises involved in technological innovations (Source 2.6). Stimulating Demand for Innovations: Ensuring a comprehensive system for the creation of new types of products and innovative technologies from the idea stage to the final consumer. Implementing Foreign Experience: Deeply studying and implementing the experience of developed countries, such as Japan, in developing regional innovative entrepreneurship (technopolises, research centers) (Source 2.7).
List of References (Bibliography) Textbooks, Monographs, and Publications Schumpeter, J. A. (2007). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Moscow: Eksmo. (For the theoretical foundations of innovative entrepreneurship). Freeman, C. (2011). The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Moscow: Infra-M. (To cover the impact of technological innovation on the economy). Porter, M. E. (2011). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Moscow: Alpina Publisher. (For analyzing competition and innovative advantage). Scientific Articles and Journals Kadirov, A. Z. (2020). The role of innovations in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship. Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar (Economics and Innovative Technologies), (1), 240–255. (To include local experience). Nabiev, N. N. (2021). Directions for the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of the digital economy. Moliya va bank ishi (Finance and Banking), (3), 78–85. (To cover the digitalization direction). Saidov, M. A. (2019). Mechanisms for increasing the innovative activity of business entities. Bozor, pul va kredit (Market, Money, and Credit), (6), 55–63. Statistical Compilations, Reports, and Internet Sources Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-60 of January 28, 2022, “On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026”. National Database of Legislation. (To substantiate state strategic directions). OECD. (2021). Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2021. Paris: OECD Publishing. (For international experience and statistical data). World Bank. (2020). Digital Economy for Development (DE4D) Project Report. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. (To analyze the impact of digital technologies). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2023). Global Innovation Index 2023 Report. Geneva: WIPO. (To include global innovation ranking data).
Shibganj is an upazila in the westernmost district, Chapainawabganj of Bangladesh which is bordered by India. This upazila is surrounded by the banks of the Padma and Pagla river. Dadonchak is a village in that upazila. My childhood and adolescence were spent in the campus of Adina Fazlul Haque Government College located in this village.
When I am going to sit for writing about something the memory of my high school life the situation over all the country does not go well. Political turmoil and chaotic condition grasp all around. Sonar Bangla, our country Bangladesh is covered with golden sight of the ripe paddy fields. Again we find peace and tranquility sitting under a large banyan, neem or mango tree to the vast green fields that looks like the green carpet covered on all over there. Once we called ours a riverine country but now most of the rivers and lakes have gone to dry and we suffer much from flood in rainy season and too much hot in summer season.
My secondary education life spent in this beautiful natural environment was a heavenly glory. The name of my school is Dadonchak Hemayet Memorial High School located in this village, Dadonchak. How nice the days I spent in the school with my classmates and teachers! All the teachers were very skilled to teach us. This school was established in 1919. Therefore, the event that the school students are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary, a few years later on 26 December, 2025, is a great expression of hope and a reunion and it will continue till 27 December, 2025. Among the many institutions, our school is one of them, founded by the renowned personality of the locality, Idris Ahmed Mia. Idris Ahmed Mia was a social worker, a poet and a political figure. Many Schools, a college, a PTI (Primary Teachers Training Institute) and some small industries had been established in this area by him. Over time, the small industries have now disappeared.
This school is located adjacent to Adina Fazlul Haque Government College. PTI and Primary School are also very close to one each other. The college had been nationalized in 1986 declared by the then President Hussain Muhammad Ershad. There are three Government institutions here. The college metioned above, Dadonchak Government PTI and Dadonchak Government primary school. At that time there were no facilities of paved roads, transports and electricity. Establishing such schools, college or small industries was a very difficult work. Idris Ahmed Mia, obtaining graduation with distinction from University of Calcutta, (a public university of Kolkata), India, as a heavenly messenger, in this dark and arduous area founded one institution after another to enlighten the people of this area for their welfare.
The days of building schools or any other institutions were not as easy as they are now at present. It is said that during the construction of this school, some miscreants burned down the school building several times. But Idris Ahmed Mia was an indomitable man. Nothing could shake him and finally he was able to establish the school. It is said that all the perpetrators later died of leprosy. Therefore, if the intention is honest, no obstacle can stop someone from doing any good deed. Idris Ahmed Mia was such a man who served the people of the society with all he had.
High school life is the golden period of anybody’s life. Nothing can be sweeter than recollecting the memory of the past specially the secondary education life. The foundation of learning is laid during this time. In other words, what one learns in life the seed is sowed in this period. This period is very important for a student to build up his/her future career. So in this time the students must be serious to read and write according to their daily routine and plan. After completing my primary education from Monakasha Primary School I got admitted into Dadonchak Hemayet Memorial High School in 1986. As a child I would understand very little about what I should learn and how I can develop myself with the learning process.
At that time the teaching staff of our school was excellent. Most of the teachers were skilled and would include themselves in the classes with excellent teaching quality. They had nice technique to engage the students with them. A very interesting matter is that there were three teachers in the same name in our school. Nazrul A, Nazrul B and Nazrul C. Nazrul A taught us English and Geography, Nazrul B Mathematics and Nazrul C Social Sceince. Our headteacher, Safiqur Rahman was a famous Mathematics teacher in this district. Faizur Rahman Bisu was also a very excellent teacher. Though he was a science teacher, he had a good command to teach in any subject whether science or arts or general knowledge.. My English primary knowledge was developed by Abdul Kader, another English teacher of our school. I also remember some other teachers like Mosharraf Sir, Rafique Sir and Kalu Sir etc. Many of them have died. May God’s peace be upon them.
The most interesting thing is that I find myself also a secondary school teacher as I followed my teachers in my school life. In this way, students of this school are employed in various sectors of the country, some as doctors, some as engineers, some as bankers, some as teachers in schools, colleges and universities, some as administrators, some as businessmen, some as non government employees, and many are employed abroad, transcending the boundaries of the country. Therefore, it can be said that every educational institution is a factory for building a nation. And every now and then the special moments of the school come to my memory when I stop my eyes or at my leisure. High school time is a very important time that all things we catch from our teachers established in our mind in such a way that it remains forever. Some of the advices of the teachers can never be forgotten. So, a teacher is like an ideal to the students.
Golam Rabbani was my class friend from grade six to ten and we we came out with success obtaining first division in the SSC (Secondary School Certificate) examination in 1991. Now, at present he is the Headteacher of this school. I congratulate my friend for his being a headteacher of this school. And I hope that he may lead the school in such a way that every student may see the bright or glorious future in his/her life. Just at the moment I am going to finish the writing, the sun is rising and I can smell the scent of the roses in front of my childhood home in the air. Love you the past, love you the petals of the roses.
Md. Mahbubul Alam is from Bangladesh. His writer name is Mahbub John in Bangladesh. He is a Senior Teacher (English) of Harimohan Government High School, Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Chapainawabganj is a district town of Bangladesh. He is an MA in English Literature from Rajshahi College under National University. He has published three books of poems in Bangla. He writes mainly poems but other branches of literature such as prose, article, essay etc. also have been published in national and local newspapers, magazines, little magazines. He has achieved three times the Best Teacher Certificate and Crest in National Education Week in the District Wise Competition in Chapainawabganj District. He has gained many literary awards from home and abroad. His English writings have been published in Synchronized Chaos for seven years.
You are human you are worldly, You are matriarchal, you are infantry. You are strength and courage, You are the first dawn, New lining if you want. just want to wake up Conscious in attitude. Speak out against brutality, Scream against injustice, Women need unity. Need women awareness camps, all around.
Date: 25.11.2025, India
Short biography: Amb. Dr. Priyanka Neogi from Coochbehar. She is an administrative Controller of United Nations PAF, librarian, CEO of Lio Messi International Property & Land Consultancy, international literacy worker, sports & peace promoter, dancer, singer, reciter, live telecaster, writer, editor, researcher, literary journalist, host, beauty queen, international coordinator of the Vijay Mission of Community Welfare Foundation of India.
Early in the morning, Nigina’s mother entered her daughter’s room to wake her up. But Nigina was not there. Thinking she might have woken up early, her mother searched every room in the house and even the garden. Although Nigina rarely played with the neighbors, her mother still checked their homes — but no one had seen her.
By the time she reached the school, it was clear that something extraordinary had happened. The rocket was missing. Even more shocking was the huge hole in the school roof, which left everyone frightened and confused. But among Nigina’s classmates, fear mixed with excitement. The rocket they had built was not a toy after all. It was real — powerful enough to fly away. This filled them with pride and amazement.
No one could explain how a school project could reach another planet. No one knew where Nigina went. Her mother was worried, the teachers were confused, and her classmates were completely lost. The rocket was gone, the roof was destroyed — and Nigina had disappeared. For everyone, it became a mystery.
News about Nigina spread quickly — first across the town, then throughout the country. Journalists and scientists arrived from everywhere. They visited her school, her house, even the backyard. People who knew Nigina gave interviews, eager to share their thoughts. The whole country wanted to know: Where was Nigina? What happened to her? And how did she fly a real rocket?
Meanwhile, Nigina sat inside the rocket cabin, writing down her thoughts. Time felt strange to her — almost frozen. She explored the strange planet around her and was amazed to see sunflowers growing on Mars. Their leaves were purple, and the seeds were much larger. Curious, she tasted one and smiled. “It tastes good,” Nigina whispered.
Nearby grew banana and coconut trees. Just as she reached for a banana, something struck her hand. Startled, Nigina ran back into the rocket and peered out the window, trembling.
A sudden cry echoed outside, frightening her even more. But moments later, she saw a pile of bananas gently placed near the rocket.
It was a monkey — trying to make friends.Nigina’s fear melted away. Soon, she and the little monkey became close companions. She named him King of Space. With her new friend, she explored Mars freely. They walked along a silver river where fish sang songs, and pink-feathered ducks swam gracefully. Fields of chamomile stretched nearby, while red butterflies danced above them.
Nigina had never seen such a beautiful place. Everything felt magical — as if she had been born again.The King of Space gave Nigina a glowing butterfly as a gift — its soft red light brightened even the darkest night. She also met a frog who spoke twenty languages, a chameleon-cat that changed colors, and a magical plant called the Knowledge Leaf. The monkey handed her one of the leaves and said:“Keep this with you. It knows everything. When you are lost, it will guide you.”
Nigina wondered how easily she would now answer all the questions in her classes back on Earth.She left paper, candy, glue, and other little gifts for her new friends.
Then came the time to say goodbye. In the middle of the night, the rocket landed gently on her home’s roof. Her mother was awake — waiting. They embraced tightly. From her daughter’s eyes, the mother could see that Nigina had changed forever.
The news of her return spread quickly across the city. Reporters lined up to speak with the girl who had visited space. Her photographs appeared in the city center. But for Nigina, fame did not matter. What mattered were the friends she had made on Mars.Every night, when she looked up at the stars, she felt as though they were waving back at her.
Nigina wrote down everything she had seen — the rivers, the glowing butterflies, the magical plants — so others could learn about the wonders she discovered. She handed her classmates shiny stones she had brought from Mars and said she was proud of their brilliant inventions.
Story by Asmonur Rajabboyeva
English Translation by Shuxratova Nilufar
Shukhratova Nilufar Azizbek qizi was born on March 31, 2013, in Uchqo‘rg‘on District, Namangan Region. She completed her primary education at Secondary School No. 31 in her district. Currently, she continues her studies at the Ishoqxon Ibrat Creative School in To‘raqo‘rg‘on District.Despite her young age, Nilufar has achieved several accomplishments before the age of 12. As a young translator, she has translated many short stories from Uzbek into English. Through each new translation, she continues to develop not only her language skills but also her creative thinking and literary abilities.
One of Nilufar’s greatest dreams is to become a student at Harvard University, one of the world’s most prestigious higher education institutions. From an early age, she has been strengthening her passion for knowledge, language learning, reading, and creativity, moving steadily and confidently toward her goal.Her teachers and relatives describe her as intelligent, hardworking, inquisitive, and highly responsible. Every achievement Nilufar attains is a strong step toward her future success and greater accomplishments.
