Aliya Abdurasulova, a Namangan State university student

 

WORKING WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS IN C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Annotation

This article provides information on processes for working with one- and multi-dimensional arrays in the C++ programming language. The types of arrays, the methods of their use, and their application in the program code are explained with examples. Problems encountered when working with arrays and their solutions are also considered. Information is also provided on how arrays are stored in memory and many ways to make the most of them. The article provides a deeper understanding for beginners and programmers.

Keywords

C++ programming language, arrays, one-dimensional array, multidimensional array, programming fundamentals, data structure, array in C++, indexes, working with arrays, program structuring, data storage, code writing (structuring)

Introduction

In programming, efficient storage and access to data is of great importance. In C++ programming language, arrays are used to store data of the same type in an ordered manner. Unlike simple variables, arrays allow multiple values to be grouped under a single name, which simplifies the code and improves efficiency. Arrays are divided into one-dimensional and multi-dimensional types. A one-dimensional array represents a simple list, while multi-dimensional arrays are structured as tables or matrices. This article explains creating arrays in C++, using them, and practical examples.

1. One-Dimensional Arrays

One-dimensional arrays are ordered collections of elements. They are declared using the following syntax:

data_type array_name[size];

Where:

• data_type – the type of array elements (e.g., int, double, char, etc.)

• array_name – the name of the array

• size – the number of elements in the array

1.1 Declaring and Using a One-Dimensional Array

For example, let’s create an array containing 5 numbers and display them on the screen:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Array declared and initialized
    cout << “Array elements: “;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        cout << numbers[i] << ” “;
    }
    return 0;
}

1.2 Array Input from User

If array elements need to be entered by the user during program execution, the following method can be used:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int numbers[5];
    cout << “Enter 5 numbers: “;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        cin >> numbers[i];
    }
    cout << “The numbers you entered: “;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        cout << numbers[i] << ” “;
    }
    return 0;
}

2. Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Multi-dimensional arrays allow access to elements through multiple indices. The most commonly used type is the two-dimensional array, which is often applied in representing tables or matrices.

2.1 Declaring a Two-Dimensional Array

The syntax for declaring a two-dimensional array is:

data_type array_name[rows][columns];

Where:

• rows – number of rows

• columns – number of columns

2.2 Example of a 2×3 Array

For example, let’s create an array with 2 rows and 3 columns and display it on the screen:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int matrix[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
    cout << “Array elements: \n”;
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            cout << matrix[i][j] << ” “;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

2.3 User Input for Array Size and Elements

The following program asks the user for the size of the array and its elements, then displays them:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int n;
    cout << “Enter the number of array elements: “;
    cin >> n;
    int arr[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << “Enter element ” << i+1 << “: “;
        cin >> arr[i];
    }
    cout << “Array elements: “;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << ” “;
    }
    return 0;
}

Advantages of Working with Arrays

• Organized data storage – Arrays allow storing elements of the same type in order.

• Fast access – With indexing, any element can be accessed directly.

• Convenient processing – Arrays allow automating various calculations in programming.

Conclusion

This article comprehensively covered the stages of working with one- and multi-dimensional arrays in the C++ programming language. The types of arrays, their effective organization, and their proper use in program code were explained with practical examples. Problems encountered in working with arrays and their optimal solutions were discussed. Arrays are one of the most important tools for storing and processing data, and their effective use simplifies the programming process. Correct use of arrays in future software projects contributes to faster code execution and optimized memory usage.

References

1. Bjarne Stroustrup. “The C++ Programming Language” (4th Edition). Addison-Wesley, 2013.

2. Sh.F. Madraximov, A.M. Ikramov, M.R. Babajanov, “C++ tilida programmalash bo‘yicha masalalar to‘plami”, Tashkent – 2014.

3. B.B. Mo‘minov, “Informatika”, Tashkent “Tafakkur – bo‘stoni”, 2014.