Basic concepts and terms of translation theory and practice
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages
4th year student Gafurova Mahbuba
Supervisor: Kadirova Nargiza
АННОТАЦИЯ; В данной статье рассматриваются ключевые понятия и терминология теории и практики перевода. Особое внимание уделяется определению, классификации и применению переводческих понятий и терминов в различных видах перевода. Анализируется роль базовых понятий в переводческом процессе, а также их влияние на качество и точность перевода. Статья предназначена для студентов, преподавателей и практикующих переводчиков.
Ключевые слова: перевод, теория перевода, терминология, переводческая практика, лингвистика, семантика, эквивалентность.
AONNOTATIN:This article explores the key concepts and terminology of translation theory and practice. Special attention is paid to the definition, classification, and application of translation concepts and terms in different types of translation. The article analyzes the role of basic concepts in the translation process and their impact on translation quality and accuracy. It is intended for students, teachers, and professional translators.
Keywords: translation, translation theory, terminology, translation practice, linguistics, semantics, equivalence.
One of the main tasks of translation theory and practice is to study the concepts and terms used in the translation process, determine their essence and analyze their impact on the translation process. Each translator should be able to build practical skills that are theoretical. This requires an in-depth understanding of the key concepts and terms used in translation theory. This article provides details on the most common concepts and terms in translation theory and practice, their origin, classification, and practical application. Translation refers to the equivalent transfer of language units of different degrees into another language. To do this, the translator must have good knowledge of the theoretical foundations and linguistic knowledge.
1. Definition and essence of translation Translation is the process of complete and precise translation of speech of one language in written or spoken form into another language. Translation requires not only changing words, but also preserving content, style, context. The main task of translation is to ensure equivalence between the source text and the translated text.
2. Translation theory and its basic concepts Translation theory is a science that studies the scientific foundations of translation activity, its main concepts include:
Equivalence – the degree of semantic and functional equivalence between the source language and the target language;
Adequacy – the degree of correspondence of the translation to the source text;
Interference – errors that occur as a result of the influence of one language to another;
Transformation is the correct expression of meaning through grammatical and lexical changes in the translation process.
3. Types of translation Translation is mainly divided into the following types:
Document translation; Oral interpretation, which is also divided into sequential and synchronous types;
Literary translation – translation of works of fiction;
Technical translation – translation of scientific and technical texts;
Audiovisual translation – translation of film, TV series, video content.
4. Linguistic knowledge and competence of the translator Each translator shall:
phonetic, lexical and grammatical units;
the basics of stylistics and pragmatics;
cross-cultural communication;
must be well versed in terminology. The cultural, psychological, and ethical competence of the translator is also important.
5. Linguistic aspects of translation The levels of language units – phonetic, morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic – present various problems in the translation process. At each level, the interpreter employs certain strategies. For example, at the semantic level, it will be important to choose synonyms, and on a pragmatic level, it will be important to choose the option that fits the context.
6. The role of terminology Terminology is a system of terms specific to a particular field. The correct choice and use of terms in translation determines the accuracy of the text. In particular, in areas such as medicine, law, technology, the translator should work with the help of specialized dictionaries and databases.
7. Analyzing Concepts Through Practical Examples The following are some translation methods with examples:
Kalkalash: “skyscraper” – “osmono’par bino”;
Adaptatsiya: “He kicked the bucket” – “U olamdan o‘tdi”;
Synonymous substitution: “big” – “big”, “great”, “large” (depending on the context).
Conclusion
An in-depth study of key concepts and terms in translation theory and practice is an important factor in improving the quality of translation. Every translator should be familiar with these terms and be able to practice them. Translation acts not only as a bridge between languages, but also between cultures. Therefore, translation theory is in constant development and requires new approaches and research.
References:
Komissarov V.N. “Teoriya perevoda” – Moscow, 1990.
Gafurov O. “Fundamentals of translation theory” – Tashkent, 2015.
Baker M. “In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation” – Routledge, 2011.
Newmark P. “A Textbook of Translation” – Prentice Hall, 1988.
Hatim B. and Mason I. “Discourse and the Translator” – Longman, 1997.
Shokirova D. “Translation Practice: Theory and Experience” – Samarkand, 2021