Methods of forming new words in Uzbek and English languages.
 
Moydinova Mavludakhon 
Student of Kokand State Pedagogical Institute

 Abstract: This article analyzes the ways of word formation in English and Uzbek and explains it through several examples. We know that every language has its own rules of word formation in its grammar. Therefore, the ways of forming words in Uzbek and English differ from each other.

Key words: English language, Uzbek language, word formation, affixation, composition, affix, prefix, postfix, infix

Each language has its own way of development based on word formation. After all, in order for a new word to be formed, that country must develop. Emergence of language Word formation is a separate category in grammar and is studied as a separate topic in linguistics. The emergence and development of language is definitely dependent on word-forming affixes. New words are formed with the help of word generators in the language, and the vocabulary of the language expands. The creation of new words using the existing words in the language and word generators is understood as word formation.In Uzbek, two methods of word formation are shown: affixation and composition. We know that words that do not have formative suffixes are called root words. method is called affixation method. For example, words expressing new meaning are created by adding a formative suffix to the words "cotton" and "stone". Word formation using affixes is a basic tool for many languages. In particular, the types of affixes in English and Uzbek languages ​​are formed in almost the same way. Affixes are divided into prefixes, postfixes and infixes based on their addition to the base of the word. As the name implies, a prefix comes before the root, a postfix comes after the root, and an infix is ​​added between two independent words to form a new word. 

For example, in words such as beor, noshkur, nomard, a prefix is ​​added to the words or, shukur, mard to form another independent word group, that is, adjective. In English, new words are created by adding prefixes such as "rewrite" and "rebuild" to the words "write" and "build". If a new word is formed as a result of adding a suffix, we can take as an example words such as speaker, freedom, beautiful in English. Infixed suffixes are less likely to be found in English, as they belong mainly to Arabic Arabic languages. However, since many words in the Uzbek language come from the Arabic language, they can be found in literary booksThe method of composition is characteristic of English and Uzbek languages, and this method is a method of creating a word with lexical meaning, which is formed by joining two or more independent words. In the method of composition, words are found by writing together, but also in the form of a line. For example, hardworking, mushroom (added), one hundred and twenty-five, dream (arranged). It is made in English just like Uzbek. For example, grandparents, firefighter (added), up-to-date (underlined), ice cream (lined up). In English, such words are called "compound words".

In conclusion, we can say that creating a new word in any way and by any means is called word formation. In any language, the formation of words and the ability to use them correctly is very important for us.

References 

Iriskulov M., "Introduction to Linguistics" Tashkent.: 2019. (pp. 119-120)
Rahmatullayev Sh. Modern Uzbek literary language. Textbook. -Tashkent, University, 2006.
A. Abduazizov. "Introduction to Linguistic Theory" (p. 97)