Diplomatic Cooperation in Combating International Terrorism
Norqulova Nordona Abdurahim qizi
Qoraqalpog’iston qishloq xo’jaligi va agrotexnologiyalar instituti yurisprudensiya yo’nalishi 2-kurs talabasi norqulovanordona@gmail.com
Annatatsiya ushbu maqolada xalqaro terrorizmga qarshi kurashishda davlatlarning diplomatik hamkorlik yo’llari va usullari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda xalqaro terrorizmga qarshi kurashishda davlatlarning o’zaro diplomatik , ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy jihatdan hamkorliklarining rivojlanishi va bu orqali terrorizmning ta’sirini ancha kamaytirish yo’lari va usullari ochib beriladi.
Kalit so’zlar xalqaro terrorizm, siyosat, davlat boshqaruvi, terrorizm, davlat, xalqaro huquq, diplomatik hamkorlik, globallashuv.
Abstract This article analyzes the ways and methods of diplomatic cooperation of states in the fight against international terrorism. In the study, the development of mutual diplomatic, social, economic and political cooperation of states in the fight against international terrorism and ways and means of reducing the impact of terrorism will be revealed.
Key words: international terrorism, politics, state administration, terrorism, state, international law, diplomatic cooperation, globalization.
Aннотация В статье анализируются пути и методы дипломатического сотрудничества государств в борьбе с международным терроризмом. В исследовании будет раскрыто развитие взаимного дипломатического, социального, экономического и политического сотрудничества государств в борьбе с международным терроризмом, а также пути и средства снижения воздействия терроризма.
Ключевые слова: международный терроризм, политика, государственное управление, терроризм, государство, международное право, дипломатическое сотрудничество, глобализация.
Introduction
International terrorism is a broad concept. It refers to a large-scale threat aimed at disrupting inter-state political and social order by carrying out terrorist acts in various countries. Emerging in the 1960s, it developed significantly toward the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first centuries.
International terrorism is a form of activity intended to inflict harm on one or several countries to achieve political or economic objectives. Its main goals are to destabilize government administration, cause economic and political damage, undermine the foundations of the social order, and violate human dignity, honor, and rights.
The main characteristics of international terrorism include globalization, professionalization, and reliance on extremist ideology. To achieve their goals, terrorist organizations actively use mass media and social networks.
International terrorism not only poses a threat to international legal order and political relations among states but also negatively affects the development of several countries.
The issue of combating international terrorism was first discussed at the international level in 1934 within the League of Nations. This discussion was prompted by the assassination of Yugoslav King Alexander I and French Prime Minister Louis Barthou in Marseille on October 9, 1934.
At that time, the main forms of terrorism included hostage-taking, hijacking of civilian aircraft, and political assassinations. The most powerful and dangerous international terrorist organization of that era was the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), established in 1969 under the leadership of Yasser Arafat.
In the late 1960s, the Soviet Union (USSR) recruited members of national movements worldwide who adopted terrorist tactics and trained them in special camps.
After the September 11, 2001, attacks, when Al-Qaeda terrorists targeted several facilities in the United States, international terrorism grew even stronger.
According to experts, more than 20,000 terrorist acts have been committed to date, resulting in hundreds of thousands of casualties and victims — most of them civilians.
Main Part
International terrorism is one of the most dangerous and serious global problems for all states. To prevent this threat, several countries have joined forces and are cooperating.
Recently, a conference was held within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), attended by representatives of SCO member states, observer countries, dialogue partners, the SCO Secretariat, and other international organizations.
During the conference, participants exchanged views on pressing issues related to countering the modern threats and dangers posed by international terrorist organizations. They shared advanced experiences in combating terrorism and extremism, emphasizing that terrorism in all its forms poses a serious threat to peace and security.
Attention was drawn to the fact that terrorist organizations are attempting to acquire new types of weapons and military equipment, geolocation and satellite communication tools, and are increasingly using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), artificial intelligence technologies, and information and communication technologies to carry out terrorist activities.
The Islamic State (ISIS) terrorist organization has shifted to a decentralized network-based operational model, leading to new threats and challenges — particularly in the Middle East and Afghanistan — where the security situation has deteriorated.
It was noted with concern that international terrorist groups entrenched in Afghanistan are approaching the borders of SCO member states and that their members, upon returning to their countries of origin, are reactivating dormant extremist cells.
During the discussion, the participants also emphasized the need to strengthen international cooperation to counter the use of the Internet for terrorist purposes and to prevent the spread of extremist ideologies online. [2]
On March 3–4, 2022, an international conference titled “Regional Cooperation of Central Asian Countries within the Framework of the Joint Plan of Action for the Implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy” was held in Tashkent.
In his speech at the United Nations, the President of Uzbekistan noted that effective cooperation was being carried out to ensure security in Central Asia and acknowledged the successful implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in the region.
The President stated:
“We support holding an international conference dedicated to the ten-year results and future prospects of the Regional Joint Plan within this Strategy.”
In addition, several legislative acts have been adopted in Uzbekistan, including:
- “On Combating Extremism”,
- “On Combating Terrorism”,
- “On Combating the Legalization of Proceeds from Crime, the Financing of Terrorism, and the Financing of the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction”,
as well as other regulatory and legal documents.
At the Tashkent International Conference, the unique experience of Central Asian cooperation in implementing the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy was presented. Participants also discussed international and regional efforts to combat terrorism.
Within the “Development Strategy” of the Republic of Uzbekistan, under the 6th priority area — “Developing effective mechanisms to combat extremism and terrorism” — several measures have been implemented, including:
- Improving preventive mechanisms aimed at eliminating the root causes of terrorism, enhancing the socio-spiritual environment, preventing the influence of extremist ideologies, and addressing the problems of individuals affected by such influences;
- Forming a strong and stable immunity among the population, especially the youth, against terrorist and extremist ideologies;
- Improving the international legal framework for combating terrorism and expanding contractual cooperation with foreign states, regional, and international organizations;
- Strengthening the capacity of diplomatic missions, consular offices, the External Labor Migration Agency, and other institutions working with citizens residing abroad;
- Exchanging information and experience with foreign states and international organizations in combating extremism, terrorism, and their financing;
- Actively participating in the work of international and regional organizations combating extremism and terrorism;
- Coordinating joint actions within the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy implementation framework in Central Asia;
- Expanding Uzbekistan’s role in promoting international initiatives aimed at enhancing information exchange and cooperation in counterterrorism across Central Asia;
- Intensifying international efforts to ensure peace and stability in Afghanistan, and involving the country in regional cooperation processes, including counterterrorism initiatives.
Uzbekistan supports the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and has ratified 14 international conventions and protocols related to countering terrorism and religious extremism. [4]
Conclusion
In conclusion, terrorism today negatively affects sustainable development and the well-being of many countries worldwide. Its impact can be observed in political, economic, and social spheres.
A state that is not peaceful and stable can never achieve development in any area. To eliminate this threat, countries are joining forces and assisting one another in this common struggle.
For example, the international community, together with Uzbekistan, is actively helping the people of Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan plays a significant role in these humanitarian and peace-support operations.
References
- International Terrorism: A New Kind of Warfare, October 6, 2012.
- https://www.uzembassy.uk
- I.A. Karimov, On the Threat of Terrorism, 2001; The Peace and Security of Our Homeland Depend on Our Strength, Unity, and Unbreakable Will, 2004.
- http://pravacheloveka.uz
- M. Rajabova, Problems of Combating Religious Extremism and Terrorism, 2003.
- Law on Combating Terrorism, December 15, 2000, No. O‘RQ–167-II.
- Spiritual and Educational Foundations of Combating Extremism and Terrorism, Tashkent, 2018.