Modern problems of management and strategic solutions
Norqulova Nordona Abdurahim qizi
Qoraqalpogʻiston Agricultural and Agro-Technology Institute, 2nd year student or Jurisprudence, norqulovanordona@gmail.com
Annotatsiya
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy boshqaruv tizimining mohiyati, uning kamchiliklari hamda ularni bartaraf etishning strategik yo‘nalishlari atroflicha tahlil qilinadi. Boshqaruv tizimi har bir davlatning siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy barqarorligini ta’minlashda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Shu bois, tadqiqotda boshqaruvning zamonaviy yondashuvlari, ularning afzalliklari va mavjud muammolari o‘rganilgan. Ayniqsa, davlat boshqaruvida inson kapitalining o‘rni, jamoatchilik nazoratini kuchaytirish, demokratik tamoyillarni tatbiq etish hamda insonparvarlik g‘oyalarini rivojlantirish masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.
Maqolada shuningdek, boshqaruv jarayonlarini optimallashtirish va samaradorligini oshirishda strategik rejalashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va raqamli transformatsiyaning ahamiyati yoritib beriladi. O‘rganish natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, samarali boshqaruv tizimi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishning asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchlaridan biridir.
Kalit so‘zlar: davlat, siyosat, boshqaruv, respublika, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanish, demokratiya, insonparvarlik, jamoatchilik nazorati, inson kapitali, davlat hokimiyati, strategiya, innovatsiya, raqamli transformatsiya.
Annotation
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the modern management system, its shortcomings, and strategic directions for their elimination. The management system is one of the key factors ensuring the political, economic, and social stability of any state. Therefore, the study examines modern approaches to management, their advantages and existing problems. Special attention is given to the role of human capital in public administration, strengthening public control, implementing democratic principles, and promoting the ideas of humanism.
The article also highlights the importance of strategic planning, the introduction of innovative technologies, and digital transformation in optimizing management processes and increasing their efficiency. The results of the study show that an effective management system is one of the main driving forces of socio-economic development.
Keywords: state, policy, management, republic, socio-economic development, democracy, humanism, public control, human capital, state authority, strategy, innovation, digital transformation.
Аннотация
В данной статье проводится всесторонний анализ сущности современной системы управления, её недостатков и стратегических направлений их устранения. Система управления является одним из ключевых факторов обеспечения политической, экономической и социальной стабильности любого государства. В исследовании рассматриваются современные подходы к управлению, их преимущества и существующие проблемы. Особое внимание уделяется роли человеческого капитала в государственном управлении, усилению общественного контроля, внедрению демократических принципов и развитию идей гуманизма.
В статье также раскрывается значение стратегического планирования, внедрения инновационных технологий и цифровой трансформации для оптимизации управленческих процессов и повышения их эффективности. Результаты исследования показывают, что эффективная система управления является одним из основных движущих факторов социально-экономического развития.
Ключевые слова: государство, политика, управление, республика, социально-экономическое развитие, демократия, гуманизм, общественный контроль, человеческий капитал, государственная власть, стратегия, инновации, цифровая трансформация.
INTRODUCTION
Management is one of the most ancient social phenomena that has formed simultaneously with human society. It emerged as an independent type of activity in the process of division of labor and cooperation, arising from the need to organize and coordinate people’s activities in social production. In the process of management, tasks are distributed among people, some of whom are formed as leaders, that is, managers, and others as executives – managed.
Today, the effectiveness of the management system is manifested as a decisive factor in the socio-economic development of any state. At the same time, in modern conditions, there are a number of problems and shortcomings in the management system, which directly affect the stability of state policy and the effectiveness of economic reforms. It is for this reason that the introduction of modern mechanisms of improved, strategic approaches-based public administration has become an urgent issue.
The formation of an effective management system plays an important role not only at the level of an enterprise or organization, but also in ensuring the development of society and the state as a whole.
It allows transforming the economy into a stable, competitive and innovative mechanism. At the same time, changes in the management system are inextricably linked with the socio-economic, political-legal and cultural-educational spheres.
From this point of view, there is a need to increase the efficiency of the public administration sector, to deeply study its theoretical and practical foundations, to identify existing problems and develop scientifically based solutions to eliminate them. Studying public administration as a holistic system consisting of interconnected sectors, to deeply understand its essence, to reform it based on modern requirements and to determine its strategic directions is one of the important directions of scientific research of the present time.
MAIN PART
Today, in many countries there is a need to improve the public administration system and implement qualitatively new changes in it. This process requires the rational use of factors that drive the development of the state and society, and the application of approaches tested in the experience of advanced countries.
In recent years, many countries have been introducing innovations in their management systems and taking important steps towards modernizing management. For example, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, within the framework of the educational program “State and Local Governance”, the practice of awarding the degree of Doctor of Public Administration has been established. This program is aimed at training scientific and pedagogical personnel with the potential to study the theory of public administration based on modern scientific methodology, manage innovative projects, and solve emerging problems.
Also, in 2019, the Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation introduced a scientific educational program in the field of “Doctor of Public Administration (DPA).
Public administration mechanisms involve a theoretical and methodological analysis of the administrative and organizational activities of the state, the functions, powers and structure of state bodies at all levels. At the same time, within the framework of the civil service system, issues of service in local and central authorities, human resource management in the public sector, and the provision of quality services to citizens are studied.
The changes taking place in the life of the state and society create the need for a systematic approach to fundamental and applied research on public administration. Because public administration covers many interrelated aspects of such disciplines as political and legal, socio-economic, philosophical, and sociological. The study of management processes through the prism of these scientific approaches is of great importance for increasing the effectiveness of public administration.
Uzbekistan, pursuing the strategic goal of joining the ranks of developed countries, is also implementing fundamental reforms to renew and modernize the public administration system. In particular, the creation of new systems for training, retraining and advanced training of personnel, as well as the development of scientific and research work, play an important role in this process.
Firstly, the process of forming public administration and civil service as a separate socio-political institution in the modernizing Uzbekistan is complicated. The lack of qualified personnel in the field, the fact that their professional competencies do not fully meet the requirements of the time, negatively affects the pace of development. This indicates the need to improve the organizational and legal framework of management and deepen scientific and theoretical approaches.
Secondly, today our country is undergoing reforms related to the decentralization of public administration. This process requires a review of the powers of local authorities, effective management of territories, and strengthening the scientific and methodological foundations of local governance. Therefore, the study of the local governance system as an integral part of public administration is of urgent importance.
Thirdly, currently the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is tasked with conducting fundamental and scientific and practical research in the field of public and public administration. However, the existing experience has not yet fully provided the opportunity to comprehensively and systematically solve the problems of public administration. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of scientific research, create new scientific schools, and expand the ranks of experienced experts.
The process of gradual renewal of the public administration system in the Republic of Uzbekistan is steadily continuing. However, in this direction, one of the important tasks is to eliminate gaps in the education system, implement qualitative changes in the training of management personnel, and systematize scientific research. On this basis, it is necessary to strengthen the integration between scientific research, the educational process, and practice in the field of public administration.
As the Head of our state has repeatedly emphasized:
“Without the creation of an effective system for selecting and training innovative and independent-minded, responsible, initiative-taking, patriotic, and honest personnel who have thoroughly mastered advanced management methods, there will be no qualitative change in public administration.”
Based on this approach, an international scientific and practical conference was organized at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the topic “Modern Problems of the Public Administration System and Priority Tasks for Development”. The main goal of the conference is to identify modern problems and shortcomings in the public administration system of Uzbekistan, study foreign experience, determine strategic directions, and develop practical recommendations. More than 200 scientists, representatives of government bodies, and international experts participated in the event. Heads of public administration institutions from Kyrgyzstan, Korea, and Kazakhstan also participated online and discussed cooperation in the development of public administration.
The conference featured sections on topics such as the evolution of the state administration system, political leadership, organization of governance in the social sphere, and management practice in the digital economy. This event served to strengthen the participants’ strategic planning, analysis, and modern management skills.
In conclusion, the role of the head of state in state administration is incomparable. If a state is led by a fair, patriotic, educated, and responsible person, such a state will be far from crisis. At the same time, the active participation of citizens in governance is also important, because the development of the state is closely related to the initiative and actions of the people.
The head of state must create the necessary opportunities for citizens to realize their potential. The governance system of each state has its own characteristics, and if it is based on the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and taking into account the opinions of citizens, shortcomings in governance will be reduced. To this end, the establishment of priority strategic directions by state leaders serves to eliminate problems in the governance system and increase its efficiency.
CONCLUSION
In today’s globalization environment, modernizing the public administration system, creating effective mechanisms, and forming a management model based on the human factor are becoming the strategic goals of every country. If the public administration system does not operate in line with the requirements of the times, it becomes difficult to ensure consistency and stability in the development of society. Therefore, the management reforms being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan are aimed at strengthening the interaction between the state and society, strengthening the principles of openness, transparency, and accountability.
The fundamental changes being implemented in the field of public administration rely, first of all, on human capital. Because qualified, dedicated, and innovative personnel are needed for the successful implementation of any reform. In this regard, increasing the level of knowledge of civil servants, strengthening their professional training, and developing their digital competencies are among the most important tasks of today.
In addition, studying foreign experience in the public administration system is also of particular importance. In particular, the management practice of countries such as the USA, Great Britain, South Korea, Singapore, Kazakhstan and Russia shows that the introduction of innovative technologies, the creation of a digital management system and the widespread application of the “single window” principle can improve the quality of public services and reduce bureaucratic obstacles.
Significant results are being achieved in this direction in Uzbekistan. In recent years, electronic governance platforms have been introduced in the public administration system within the framework of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy, and public services are being automated.
At the same time, reforms are being carried out in the public administration system, such as evaluating employee performance, strengthening their personal responsibility, and introducing a performance-based management system. Also, one of the pressing issues in public administration is the deepening of the decentralization policy by expanding the independence of local authorities and increasing their financial and organizational capabilities. This will serve to solve problems on the ground in the regions, strengthen the participation of the population in management processes, and develop civil society.
In this regard, the following areas are of priority in improving the public administration system:
1. Improving the system of training and advanced training of public administration personnel, updating curricula based on modern methodologies.
2. Introducing innovative and digital technologies in public administration, forming a management culture based on data analysis.
3. Accelerate the process of decentralization by expanding the powers of local government bodies and providing them with resources.
Improve the quality of public services, develop convenient and fast interactive services for citizens.
4. Support scientific research in the field of public administration and strengthen the practice of making management decisions based on a scientific approach.
In conclusion, the reforms being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan to improve and increase the efficiency of the public administration system are aimed at ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The success of this process depends, first of all, on the qualifications of management personnel, the patriotism of civil servants and the activity of citizens. In the future, through the widespread introduction of scientifically based management approaches, strengthening international cooperation and the formation of an innovative management culture, Uzbekistan can be recognized as a model of effective management in the world.
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