The Girl Who Learned from Life’s Trials

There are many trials in life, but if a kind mother is by your side, all of them turn into lessons. Nishona is an eighth-grade student. Life has taught her many things. Sometimes she comes home tired from school, sometimes with a sad heart because of her friends’ betrayal. But for her, the greatest support in life is her mother and grandmother.

For Nishona, her mother is not only a mother but also a great person who replaces a father. She works tirelessly and gives her daughter love. Nishona knows for sure that in every step of her mother there is devotion, patience, and dreams. Her mother encourages her, saying that after every trial, happy moments will come. Nishona always strives forward to see a smile on her mother’s face.

The girl’s first achievement was winning third place in a national TV program. At that time, when all her family members saw her on television winning third place, tears of joy came to their eyes. Nishona felt unlucky then because she wanted to win first place and gift the main prize — a “Spark” car — to her mother. But she did not give up and continued to participate in many projects and contests, winning top places. She still has many dreams. If she works hard, she will surely achieve them. She firmly believes that with her mother’s prayers, she will reach her goals.

This story shows that those who are patient through life’s trials and work hard for their dreams will definitely achieve them. Every young person can decorate their life with beautiful dreams and honest work.

My name is Zarina Oʻrinboyeva. I was born in 2011 in Oqdaryo district, Samarkand region. In 2018, l went to school No. 43 in Oqdaryo district to begin, my education. I am currently an 8th-grade student at this school, and I am 14 years old. My favorite subjects are English, Russian, chemistry, my native language, literature and law. In my free time, l enjoy reading books and writing stories. With my knowledge and hard work l have won several high places in various Republican competitions .I still have many dreams, ahead of me, and insha’Allah l will achieve them one by one.

Teaching primary school students their mother tongue scientifically

Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Gogika Institute “Pedagogy” Faculty of Primary Education

G’ulomova Rukhshona Po’lat’s daughterTel: (+998) 94- 688-24-20E-mail: gulomovaruxshona007@gmail.com

Annotation

This article examines the origins and development of mother-tongue teaching methodology in primary education. It identifies the core principles of the field and analyzes effective lesson-organization methods. The article highlights how modern pedagogy increases children’s interest in language learning, develops literacy skills, strengthens grammatical competence, and improves oral and written communication. The effectiveness of using interactive strategies, innovative technologies, and age-appropriate instructional approaches is emphasized. Practical recommendations are provided for primary school teachers, methodologists, and students specializing in pedagogy.

Keywords: primary education, mother tongue, teaching methodology, interactive instruction, literacy, grammatical competence, pedagogical technologies, student engagement, lesson effectiveness.

Introduction

The mother tongue represents the national consciousness, cultural identity, and spiritual heritage of every nation. Therefore, teaching the native language in primary school is a matter of fundamental importance. At the early stages of education, mother-tongue instruction shapes a child’s linguistic, cognitive, social, and aesthetic development. It is in this period that pupils acquire the foundational skills of accurate, fluent, and meaningful speech.

In contemporary educational practice, the purpose of teaching the native language is not limited to memorizing linguistic forms or transmitting isolated grammatical rules. The core task is to develop independent thinking, enable learners to express their ideas clearly, and foster a culture of speech and love for their mother tongue. Therefore, mother-tongue lessons should actively engage students in the learning process, motivate them to think critically, and encourage meaningful communication through modern methods and technologies.

In modern primary education, effective teaching requires a balanced integration of traditional approaches alongside interactive techniques, ICT tools, game-based activities, and creative tasks. Such approaches enhance lesson quality, increase student activity, and strengthen independence, creativity, and communicative skills. Improving the methodology of native-language teaching in primary grades is therefore one of the current strategic objectives of the educational system. Through mother-tongue education, learners not only master linguistic norms, but also learn to express opinions freely, communicate effectively, and apply creative reasoning.

Consequently, the introduction of advanced pedagogical technologies, practical life-based tasks, and student-centered instruction is considered essential for improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching mother-tongue science.

Review of Literature

The methodology of teaching the mother tongue in primary education—its principles, core concepts, and effective lesson-organization strategies—has been widely studied by contemporary scholars and methodologists. Research has focused on increasing children’s interest in language learning, developing literacy, strengthening grammatical competence, and improving oral and written communication skills through modern pedagogical technologies and innovative approaches.

Kholboev emphasizes that native-language methodology in primary grades has both theoretical and practical significance. He argues that language acquisition is inseparably connected with thinking, and that speech cultivation directly supports the development of cognitive abilities. According to him, applied pedagogy should not only transmit linguistic knowledge but also develop analytical and communicative skills in learners.

Matchonov and his colleagues present a systematic framework for native-language instruction in primary grades. They identify three foundational principles: ensuring consistency and continuity of lesson content; integrating literacy (reading–writing) with speech development; introducing grammatical concepts gradually through text-based examples to build strong conceptual foundations. Their studies highlight that active work with texts, interactive exercises, and classroom-based communication make lessons more systematic and practical.

Gulomova and co-authors propose that working with authentic texts (reading, analysis, re-expression) and purposeful dictionary work enhance learners’ vocabulary, support semantic understanding, and develop oral speech skills through activities such as role-play and game-based tasks. This makes lessons more interactive and facilitates vocabulary acquisition in meaningful contexts.

Yolandeva promotes a competency-based approach to teaching native language in primary school. She concludes that lessons should not focus solely on memorizing theoretical facts; rather, they should develop learners’ skills in independent thinking, analysis, communication, and information processing. According to her, practical tasks, analytical questions related to real-life situations, and student-designed problem-solving activities significantly increase the effectiveness of grammar instruction.

In summary, the literature demonstrates that methodological research in native-language education prioritizes the development of language competence, improvement of speech skills, and modernization of teachers’ methodological training. Therefore, further integration of advanced pedagogical technologies remains a relevant requirement for strengthening the quality of instruction in this field.

Analysis and Results

Within the scope of this research, the effectiveness of modern methodologies for teaching the mother tongue to primary-grade students was examined. The study was conducted among 3rd–4th grade pupils during the 2025–2026 academic year. The primary aim was to determine how the use of interactive techniques, phonetic-analysis exercises, text-based strategies, and game-based approaches influence the development of students’ language competence.

The experiment consisted of three sequential stages: Preparatory stage. Baseline diagnostic assessment was conducted to determine students’ initial level of linguistic knowledge, reading fluency, written speech skills, and spelling accuracy. A total of 48 students participated in this phase.

Practical stage. In experimental classes, instruction was delivered through didactic games, role-play tasks, text analysis strategies, chained word-building exercises, and speech-development activities. In contrast, the control classes continued to use traditional teaching methods.

Final stage. Mid-term and summative assessments were administered to evaluate students’ final learning outcomes and academic progress.

Research Findings

Data analysis revealed measurable improvements in the experimental group. Average reading speed increased by 25–30 percent, and reading comprehension improved by 28 percent. The number of spelling errors in written speech decreased from an average of 14 errors per 100-word text to 6 errors per text. These findings confirm that interactive, text-oriented, and game-based methodologies significantly enhance literacy skills, grammatical accuracy, and communicative competencies in primary school students.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the methodology of teaching the mother tongue in primary grades plays a crucial role in shaping children’s speech, thinking, and spiritual development. Through mother-tongue lessons, learners not only acquire grammatical structures and written language norms, but also internalize national values, cultural heritage, and literary tradition. Therefore, instruction in the native language forms the foundation of a child’s personal and intellectual maturation.

Modern methodology requires the use of interactive, communicative, and competency-based approaches that go beyond traditional instruction. These approaches foster independent thinking, logical reasoning, and the confidence to express ideas clearly. Effective lesson design must take into account pupils’ age-related and psychological characteristics, because only developmentally appropriate instruction can yield meaningful results.

Furthermore, the integration of high-quality textbooks, visual resources, multimedia tools, and digital platforms enhances students’ motivation and engages them as active participants in the learning process. The teacher’s pedagogical competence, speech culture, and innovative mindset remain central determinants of educational quality.

Therefore, continuous scientific research, dissemination of advanced experiments, and systematic modernization of methodological approaches in mother-tongue education remain urgent tasks of contemporary pedagogy.

List of references used

1. Kholboev G. Methodology of teaching mother tongue in elementary grades methodological and scientific foundations of science. – Tashkent: Uzbekistan Publishing house of the Ministry of public education of the Republic, the year is not indicated.

2. Matchonov S. Methodology of teaching the native language in primary grades.- Tashkent: “O’qituvchi” Publishing House, year not specified.

3. Ghulomova M. Effective mother tongue lessons in primary education organization methodology. – Tashkent: Enlightenment, the year is not indicated.

4. Yolandeva S. Language skills in primary school students formation methodology. – Tashkent: Science and Technology, year not shown.

5. Kadyrova F. Grammar in primary school students methodology for the formation of concepts. – Tashkent: TDPU publisher, 2018.

6. Yo’ldoshev Q. Theory and methodology of teaching the native language. – Tashkent: “Fan”, 2015.

7. Shodmonova Sh. Speech cultivation classes in primary education method-ology. – Tashkent: “economics-finance”, 2017.

 “A Mother or a God Fairy?’’

The sky seemed clear after a relentless battle where the dark clouds had screamed and shouted with lightning. Yet, traces of tears were still there, reflecting off her tiny umbrella. She moved slowly along the crackling footpath, even though her eyes were on timeworn shoes with frayed gaps whispering tales of every journey. But her mind wandered in galaxies of thoughts—the thoughts of the God fairy her teacher had spoken of that day. A deep longing stirred within her, a desperate wish to be heard by the God fairy, to have her tiny desires woven into reality.

Diving into the sea of her thoughts, she reached home and ran to her mother. “Mama, do you think there lives a God fairy in the mountains who fulfills the wishes of people who write letters to her?” Her mother smiled and glanced into her daughter’s tiny, sparkling dove eyes. “Honey, what wishes do you want to be granted?” “It’s a secret. They say if you want your wishes to be fulfilled, keep them a secret between you and the God fairy. So, I’m going to write a letter to the God fairy. Will you post it for me, please, Mama?”

Her mother kissed her forehead and knelt before her. “Yes, love, I will.” The little girl giggled as if the God fairy herself had agreed to her request. That same evening, she spent most of her time writing the letter to the God fairy and handed it over to her mother when she was leaving for the office. Night arrived, darkness had taken over, and the moon and the stars were blushing. She sat by the window, hoping the God fairy would have read her letter. “Love, it’s time for bed,” her mother called her. She ran quickly to the bed. “Mama, did you post the letter?” Her eyes were full of curiosity. “Yes, honey, by now the God fairy would have read your letter and must be preparing to fulfill your wishes.” She smiled and slowly closed her eyes, while her mother gently draped the blanket over her, wrapping her in warmth and quiet love.

The clock struck 12 a.m., and there was a silence of peace. Suddenly, someone entered her room with faint steps, placed a note on her table and a box, then moved out of the room, glancing adorably at the sleeping girl. As the sun rose, hugging the sky tightly, its rays knocked at her window. She opened her eyes and couldn’t believe what she saw. She rubbed them twice in confusion. She read the note, and tears flowed through her eyes, bright as diamonds. She opened the box and saw the same pink Barbie shoes she had asked the God fairy for. She wore them and ran to her mother with the note in her hand. She clasped her mother’s hands and spun around in a whirl of joy and happiness.

“Mama, Mama, see who came last night and brought the exact shoes I had asked for!” “Who?” “Mama, the God fairy came, and she left a note saying, ‘My love, you will always find me beside you.’” She continued to twirl while her mother sat beside her on the chair, looking at her daughter adoringly, knowing it was she who had brought those shoes and written the letter. She had always been her daughter’s God fairy, giving her wings while her blood flowed through her daughter’s veins, up to her heart.

Finding Myself: A Journey of Perseverance and Hope

Life rarely unfolds the way we expect. Sometimes, the dreams we once thought were within reach drift away, only to return stronger when we decide not to give up. My story is not about perfection — it is about persistence, patience, and believing that even the smallest step forward can lead to a brighter tomorrow.

Over the past year, I have discovered that growth begins when comfort ends. I used to be shy and uncertain, but through learning English, I found not just a language — I found a voice. A voice that allowed me to express my dreams, to share my ideas, and to connect with the world. Alongside my studies, I have learned the value of patience and the quiet power of consistency. Life has taught me that even slow progress is progress, and that self-belief is the foundation of all success.

My current goal is to achieve the Navoiy State Scholarship — a symbol of hard work, knowledge, and national pride. To reach it, I actively participate in international conferences, translate short stories, and publish articles about self-development. Each article I write is not just an academic task, but a reflection of my journey — my struggles, my small victories, and my endless curiosity. Every translation I do opens a new window to another world, teaching me empathy, culture, and the beauty of words.

Yet, this journey has not been easy. In 2023, when I entered university on a contract basis, I felt broken. My family could not afford my tuition, and for a moment, my dreams seemed too far away. But I refused to give in to despair. Instead, I took a step forward — I started teaching English at an education center. That decision changed everything. In 2024, I began teaching at another institution, improving my skills, gaining experience, and learning that every hardship hides an opportunity.

Those early days were not simple. I remember preparing lessons late at night, studying in between classes, and pushing myself to do more each day. There were times when exhaustion whispered that I should stop, but hope kept me moving. And in time, I achieved something I once thought impossible — financial independence. I learned that even when life closes doors, persistence can build new ones.

Today, I look back not with regret, but with gratitude. I am endlessly thankful to my family — especially my parents — who have been my greatest supporters. When the world doubted me, they didn’t. Their love became my strength, their belief became my wings. I am also grateful to every obstacle that once made me cry — because each one shaped me into who I am today.

Now, as a third-year university student, I am more focused than ever. My dream extends beyond personal success. I want to launch educational projects that inspire young people to love books, to seek knowledge, and to believe in their own potential. I want to show them that learning is not a burden, but a path to freedom.

After graduation, I plan to pursue a Master’s degree and continue researching, writing, and teaching. But above all, I want to remain curious — to keep learning, growing, and evolving. Because to me, life’s true success is not about reaching the top, but about becoming the best version of oneself through honesty, effort, and compassion.

Dreams are not meant for those who wait — they belong to those who believe, work, and never stop learning. And I have promised myself: I will never stop.

THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION

Hayitboyeva M.SH.Student in Kokand universityEmail:hayitboyevamaftuna38@gmail.com

Annotation: Grammar serves as the structural foundation of any language, providing rules and frameworks that enable effective communication. This article explores the crucial role of grammar in language learning, addressing its theoretical significance, practical applications, and pedagogical implications. By analyzing contemporary research and educational practices, this paper highlights how grammar facilitates language acquisition, comprehension, and production. Furthermore, it discusses debates around explicit versus implicit grammar instruction and how grammar integrates with other language skills. Ultimately, understanding grammar’s role enhances both teaching methodologies and learner outcomes.

Keywords: language, education, communication, multilingualism, culture, learning

Introduction Language learning is a complex cognitive process involving the acquisition of vocabulary, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Among these components, grammar—often defined as the set of rules governing the structure of sentences—plays a pivotal role.

The role of grammar in language learning has been a topic of considerable debate among linguists, educators, and psychologists. Some argue that grammar is indispensable for acquiring proficiency, while others advocate for a more communicative, usage-based approach that downplays formal grammar instruction.

This article examines the role of grammar in language learning by exploring its theoretical underpinnings, its function in language acquisition, and the practical implications for teaching and learning. It also reviews empirical studies that investigate the effects of grammar instruction and considers how grammar interacts with other linguistic skills.

Grammar encompasses morphology (the study of word formation), syntax (the arrangement of words in sentences), and, to some extent, phonology and semantics. It provides learners with the rules that dictate how words combine to form meaningful utterances. Without grammar, language would be a collection of random words lacking coherence.

Several theories shed light on the importance of grammar in language learning:

Generative Grammar Theory (Chomsky, 1957) posits that humans possess an innate Universal Grammar that guides language acquisition. According to this view, grammar is central because it reflects underlying cognitive structures. Interactionist Approaches emphasize that grammar develops through interaction and communication, suggesting a more dynamic role where exposure to grammatical input in meaningful contexts fosters learning.

Usage-Based Theories argue that grammar emerges from language use and frequency, highlighting the importance of input and pattern recognition rather than explicit rule learning.Despite differing perspectives, these theories agree that grammar plays some role in enabling learners to produce and comprehend complex sentences.Grammar helps learners decode meaning by signaling relationships between words, such as subject-verb agreement, tense, and word order. For example, understanding past tense morphology allows learners to interpret temporal context, while knowledge of sentence structure helps parse complex sentences.

Producing grammatically correct sentences enables learners to communicate ideas clearly and be understood. Mastery of syntax and morphology reduces ambiguity and improves fluency. Furthermore, grammar knowledge allows learners to manipulate language creatively, forming novel sentences beyond memorized phrases.

Explicit Grammar Learning involves direct instruction about rules, often through formal lessons and exercises. This approach supports conscious understanding and correction.

Implicit Grammar Learning occurs naturally through exposure and use without focused attention on rules. It mimics how first languages are acquired but may be slower and less precise.

Research suggests that a combination of explicit and implicit approaches is most effective, with explicit grammar instruction benefiting learners in formal educational contexts, while implicit learning supports natural language use.

Traditional language teaching emphasized grammar-translation methods, focusing heavily on grammatical rules and translation exercises.

However, modern communicative language teaching (CLT) stresses meaningful communication and tends to integrate grammar instruction contextually rather than isolating it.

Task-based language teaching incorporates grammar within meaningful tasks, helping learners notice and apply grammar in authentic situations. Content-based instruction uses subject matter content to contextualize grammar learning, promoting deeper engagement.

Digital tools and software provide interactive grammar practice and immediate feedback, enhancing learners’ engagement and offering personalized instruction.

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environments support both explicit grammar drills and communicative practice. Studies have shown that explicit grammar instruction can improve accuracy and understanding, especially for adult learners. However, overemphasis on drills without communicative practice may hinder fluency development. Meta-analyses reveal that integrated approaches combining form-focused instruction with communicative activities yield the best results.

Despite its importance, grammar instruction faces challenges such as learner motivation, cognitive load, and individual differences in learning styles. Future research should explore adaptive grammar teaching methods, leveraging AI and data analytics to tailor instruction. Additionally, investigating how grammar instruction supports multilingualism and heritage language learning remains critical.

Conclusion

Grammar is a foundational element in language learning, crucial for comprehension, production, and effective communication. While debates continue over the best ways to teach grammar, consensus points to a balanced approach that integrates explicit instruction with meaningful practice. Understanding the role of grammar enriches language pedagogy and ultimately supports learners in achieving linguistic competence.

References: Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Mouton. Ellis, R. (2006). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. Fotos, S., & Ellis, R. (1991). Communicating about grammar: A task-based approach. TESOL Quarterly, 25(4), 605-628. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586987Larsen-Freeman, D. (2003). Teaching language: From grammar to grammarian. Heinle & Heinle.    5.Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. Routledge.

Modern problems of management and strategic solutions

Norqulova Nordona Abdurahim qizi

Qoraqalpogʻiston Agricultural and Agro-Technology Institute, 2nd year student or Jurisprudence, norqulovanordona@gmail.com 

Annotatsiya

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy boshqaruv tizimining mohiyati, uning kamchiliklari hamda ularni bartaraf etishning strategik yo‘nalishlari atroflicha tahlil qilinadi. Boshqaruv tizimi har bir davlatning siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy barqarorligini ta’minlashda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Shu bois, tadqiqotda boshqaruvning zamonaviy yondashuvlari, ularning afzalliklari va mavjud muammolari o‘rganilgan. Ayniqsa, davlat boshqaruvida inson kapitalining o‘rni, jamoatchilik nazoratini kuchaytirish, demokratik tamoyillarni tatbiq etish hamda insonparvarlik g‘oyalarini rivojlantirish masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. 

Maqolada shuningdek, boshqaruv jarayonlarini optimallashtirish va samaradorligini oshirishda strategik rejalashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va raqamli transformatsiyaning ahamiyati yoritib beriladi. O‘rganish natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, samarali boshqaruv tizimi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishning asosiy harakatlantiruvchi kuchlaridan biridir.

Kalit so‘zlar: davlat, siyosat, boshqaruv, respublika, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanish, demokratiya, insonparvarlik, jamoatchilik nazorati, inson kapitali, davlat hokimiyati, strategiya, innovatsiya, raqamli transformatsiya.

Annotation

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the modern management system, its shortcomings, and strategic directions for their elimination. The management system is one of the key factors ensuring the political, economic, and social stability of any state. Therefore, the study examines modern approaches to management, their advantages and existing problems. Special attention is given to the role of human capital in public administration, strengthening public control, implementing democratic principles, and promoting the ideas of humanism.

The article also highlights the importance of strategic planning, the introduction of innovative technologies, and digital transformation in optimizing management processes and increasing their efficiency. The results of the study show that an effective management system is one of the main driving forces of socio-economic development.

Keywords: state, policy, management, republic, socio-economic development, democracy, humanism, public control, human capital, state authority, strategy, innovation, digital transformation.

Аннотация

В данной статье проводится всесторонний анализ сущности современной системы управления, её недостатков и стратегических направлений их устранения. Система управления является одним из ключевых факторов обеспечения политической, экономической и социальной стабильности любого государства. В исследовании рассматриваются современные подходы к управлению, их преимущества и существующие проблемы. Особое внимание уделяется роли человеческого капитала в государственном управлении, усилению общественного контроля, внедрению демократических принципов и развитию идей гуманизма.

В статье также раскрывается значение стратегического планирования, внедрения инновационных технологий и цифровой трансформации для оптимизации управленческих процессов и повышения их эффективности. Результаты исследования показывают, что эффективная система управления является одним из основных движущих факторов социально-экономического развития.

Ключевые слова: государство, политика, управление, республика, социально-экономическое развитие, демократия, гуманизм, общественный контроль, человеческий капитал, государственная власть, стратегия, инновации, цифровая трансформация.

INTRODUCTION

Management is one of the most ancient social phenomena that has formed simultaneously with human society. It emerged as an independent type of activity in the process of division of labor and cooperation, arising from the need to organize and coordinate people’s activities in social production. In the process of management, tasks are distributed among people, some of whom are formed as leaders, that is, managers, and others as executives – managed.

Today, the effectiveness of the management system is manifested as a decisive factor in the socio-economic development of any state. At the same time, in modern conditions, there are a number of problems and shortcomings in the management system, which directly affect the stability of state policy and the effectiveness of economic reforms. It is for this reason that the introduction of modern mechanisms of improved, strategic approaches-based public administration has become an urgent issue.

The formation of an effective management system plays an important role not only at the level of an enterprise or organization, but also in ensuring the development of society and the state as a whole.

It allows transforming the economy into a stable, competitive and innovative mechanism. At the same time, changes in the management system are inextricably linked with the socio-economic, political-legal and cultural-educational spheres.

From this point of view, there is a need to increase the efficiency of the public administration sector, to deeply study its theoretical and practical foundations, to identify existing problems and develop scientifically based solutions to eliminate them. Studying public administration as a holistic system consisting of interconnected sectors, to deeply understand its essence, to reform it based on modern requirements and to determine its strategic directions is one of the important directions of scientific research of the present time.

MAIN PART

Today, in many countries there is a need to improve the public administration system and implement qualitatively new changes in it. This process requires the rational use of factors that drive the development of the state and society, and the application of approaches tested in the experience of advanced countries.

In recent years, many countries have been introducing innovations in their management systems and taking important steps towards modernizing management. For example, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, within the framework of the educational program “State and Local Governance”, the practice of awarding the degree of Doctor of Public Administration has been established. This program is aimed at training scientific and pedagogical personnel with the potential to study the theory of public administration based on modern scientific methodology, manage innovative projects, and solve emerging problems.

Also, in 2019, the Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation introduced a scientific educational program in the field of “Doctor of Public Administration (DPA).

Public administration mechanisms involve a theoretical and methodological analysis of the administrative and organizational activities of the state, the functions, powers and structure of state bodies at all levels. At the same time, within the framework of the civil service system, issues of service in local and central authorities, human resource management in the public sector, and the provision of quality services to citizens are studied.

The changes taking place in the life of the state and society create the need for a systematic approach to fundamental and applied research on public administration. Because public administration covers many interrelated aspects of such disciplines as political and legal, socio-economic, philosophical, and sociological. The study of management processes through the prism of these scientific approaches is of great importance for increasing the effectiveness of public administration.

Uzbekistan, pursuing the strategic goal of joining the ranks of developed countries, is also implementing fundamental reforms to renew and modernize the public administration system. In particular, the creation of new systems for training, retraining and advanced training of personnel, as well as the development of scientific and research work, play an important role in this process.

Firstly, the process of forming public administration and civil service as a separate socio-political institution in the modernizing Uzbekistan is complicated. The lack of qualified personnel in the field, the fact that their professional competencies do not fully meet the requirements of the time, negatively affects the pace of development. This indicates the need to improve the organizational and legal framework of management and deepen scientific and theoretical approaches.

Secondly, today our country is undergoing reforms related to the decentralization of public administration. This process requires a review of the powers of local authorities, effective management of territories, and strengthening the scientific and methodological foundations of local governance. Therefore, the study of the local governance system as an integral part of public administration is of urgent importance.

Thirdly, currently the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is tasked with conducting fundamental and scientific and practical research in the field of public and public administration. However, the existing experience has not yet fully provided the opportunity to comprehensively and systematically solve the problems of public administration. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of scientific research, create new scientific schools, and expand the ranks of experienced experts.

The process of gradual renewal of the public administration system in the Republic of Uzbekistan is steadily continuing. However, in this direction, one of the important tasks is to eliminate gaps in the education system, implement qualitative changes in the training of management personnel, and systematize scientific research. On this basis, it is necessary to strengthen the integration between scientific research, the educational process, and practice in the field of public administration.                            

As the Head of our state has repeatedly emphasized:

“Without the creation of an effective system for selecting and training innovative and independent-minded, responsible, initiative-taking, patriotic, and honest personnel who have thoroughly mastered advanced management methods, there will be no qualitative change in public administration.”

Based on this approach, an international scientific and practical conference was organized at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the topic “Modern Problems of the Public Administration System and Priority Tasks for Development”.  The main goal of the conference is to identify modern problems and shortcomings in the public administration system of Uzbekistan, study foreign experience, determine strategic directions, and develop practical recommendations. More than 200 scientists, representatives of government bodies, and international experts participated in the event. Heads of public administration institutions from Kyrgyzstan, Korea, and Kazakhstan also participated online and discussed cooperation in the development of public administration.

The conference featured sections on topics such as the evolution of the state administration system, political leadership, organization of governance in the social sphere, and management practice in the digital economy. This event served to strengthen the participants’ strategic planning, analysis, and modern management skills.

In conclusion, the role of the head of state in state administration is incomparable. If a state is led by a fair, patriotic, educated, and responsible person, such a state will be far from crisis. At the same time, the active participation of citizens in governance is also important, because the development of the state is closely related to the initiative and actions of the people.

The head of state must create the necessary opportunities for citizens to realize their potential. The governance system of each state has its own characteristics, and if it is based on the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and taking into account the opinions of citizens, shortcomings in governance will be reduced. To this end, the establishment of priority strategic directions by state leaders serves to eliminate problems in the governance system and increase its efficiency.

CONCLUSION

In today’s globalization environment, modernizing the public administration system, creating effective mechanisms, and forming a management model based on the human factor are becoming the strategic goals of every country. If the public administration system does not operate in line with the requirements of the times, it becomes difficult to ensure consistency and stability in the development of society. Therefore, the management reforms being implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan are aimed at strengthening the interaction between the state and society, strengthening the principles of openness, transparency, and accountability.

The fundamental changes being implemented in the field of public administration rely, first of all, on human capital. Because qualified, dedicated, and innovative personnel are needed for the successful implementation of any reform. In this regard, increasing the level of knowledge of civil servants, strengthening their professional training, and developing their digital competencies are among the most important tasks of today.

In addition, studying foreign experience in the public administration system is also of particular importance. In particular, the management practice of countries such as the USA, Great Britain, South Korea, Singapore, Kazakhstan and Russia shows that the introduction of innovative technologies, the creation of a digital management system and the widespread application of the “single window” principle can improve the quality of public services and reduce bureaucratic obstacles.

Significant results are being achieved in this direction in Uzbekistan. In recent years, electronic governance platforms have been introduced in the public administration system within the framework of the “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy, and public services are being automated.      

At the same time, reforms are being carried out in the public administration system, such as evaluating employee performance, strengthening their personal responsibility, and introducing a performance-based management system. Also, one of the pressing issues in public administration is the deepening of the decentralization policy by expanding the independence of local authorities and increasing their financial and organizational capabilities. This will serve to solve problems on the ground in the regions, strengthen the participation of the population in management processes, and develop civil society.

In this regard, the following areas are of priority in improving the public administration system:

1. Improving the system of training and advanced training of public administration personnel, updating curricula based on modern methodologies.

2. Introducing innovative and digital technologies in public administration, forming a management culture based on data analysis.

3. Accelerate the process of decentralization by expanding the powers of local government bodies and providing them with resources.

Improve the quality of public services, develop convenient and fast interactive services for citizens.

4. Support scientific research in the field of public administration and strengthen the practice of making management decisions based on a scientific approach.

In conclusion, the reforms being carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan to improve and increase the efficiency of the public administration system are aimed at ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The success of this process depends, first of all, on the qualifications of management personnel, the patriotism of civil servants and the activity of citizens. In the future, through the widespread introduction of scientifically based management approaches, strengthening international cooperation and the formation of an innovative management culture, Uzbekistan can be recognized as a model of effective management in the world.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Rakhimov Kh. (2024). Transport economics: a textbook. – Tashkent: Innovative Development Publishing House, 294 p.

2. Rakhimov Kh. (2025). The concept of economic efficiency of the railway transport system and indicators of its assessment. // Journal of Economic Development and Analysis, No. 6, – P. 3.95–101.Karimov I.A. (2015). High spirituality is an invincible force. – Tashkent: Ma’naviyat Publishing House, 176 p.

4. Tokhtayev A. (2022). Theory and practice of public administration. – Tashkent: TSIU Publishing House, 312 p.

5.Khojayev B., & Omonov N. (2023). The importance of strategic planning in modern management systems. // Journal of Social and Economic Research, No. 4, – P. 55–62.

6. Yuz.uz – Uzbekistan news portal. Electronic source: https://yuz.uz (access date: October 15, 2025).

A Flame Kindled by Forgiveness

On the dusty southern land,

Treading the dirt roads of a small village,

With injustice and discrimination etched in his eyes,

He walked, etching words

That burned with fire upon the stone paths.

With a heart set aflame he raised the flag,

And with a silent outcry

Shook the closed walls of power,

Yet only echoes of his voice

Remained in the shadow of iron bars.

Even through twenty-seven years of long silence,

He did not yield.

Using books and dreams as his lamp,

He planted the seeds of dawn.

The world heard his silence,

And in the light of release he spoke,

“I will embrace the fallen nation

With flowers of forgiveness, not the blade.“

Nelson Mandela, his name

Now remains a flame within the soul;

The one who planted saplings shining in black earth,

Awakening the wilderness from its sleep,

Shaking the slumbering hearts of the world.

The Light on a Wet Shoulder

On life’s journey, everyone

Meets a storm that soaks them to the bone.

Some stagger in the wind,

Embracing their drenched souls,

Then collapse or sink to the ground.

Even in that rain,

Is there truly no path

To follow a single ray of light?

Some, beneath lightning-split skies,

Hear a whisper soft as breath,

Find a light gently spreading

Through cracks in gray clouds,

And in the warmth settling on wet shoulders,

They call even this storm a festival’s drumbeat

And sing a song of thanks.

I too, in my youth,

Was thrown into a dark prison by the pain of illness,

But clung to the rope called prayer,

Never letting go of the star of hope.

And so today, I

Kindle flames of poetry upon a withered heart,

Offer warm light to hungry souls,

And seek to bloom, unbroken in the storm,

As an edelweiss bearing the fragrance of heaven.

The Sun

At every dawn, tearing through the veil of darkness,

With golden feathers fluttering, the sun ascends.

The source of all things, the breath of the Creator,

Pulsates endlessly, whispering its steady rhythm.

Its fiery gaze pours upon the Earth,

An eternal lamp holding the flame of life.

The pilgrimage that dances along the invisible path

Is a perfect symphony woven by God’s hand.

Beneath that light and warmth,

Flowers quietly open their lips, fruits ripen in the light.

All offer thanks for the silver blessings

Scattered by the sun,

And offer fragrant worship to the Master of the cosmos.

Wherever I am, burning with all my being,

With a heart that drives back the darkness,

I will become a small star that brightens the world.

He is an international poet and writer from South Korea. He achieved Ph. D. in English literature from the graduate school of Hanguk University of Foreign Studies in Korea. He was a lecturer at Hanguk University of Foreign Studies and an adjunct professor at Incheon Junior College in Korea for about 20 years. He has published 8 poetry books, one novel, and one book of essays. One poetry book, “Duel among a middle-aged fox, a wild dog and a deer” was a bestseller in 2012, one page from the book of Letters for Teenagers was put in textbooks of middle school (2011) and high school (2014) in South Korea, and four books (Easy-to-read English Bible stories, Old Testament(2017), New Testament(2018) and Teenagers, I Support your Dream”) were bestsellers.

He was granted a Rookie Award for poetry by the magazine of Monthly Literature Space in South Korea, and he received the World Peace Literature Prize for Poetry Research and Recitation, presented in New York City at the 5^th World Congress of Poets(2004). He published poetry books, “Prescription of Civilization” and “Flowers of Thankfulness“ in America.(2019). He received Geum-Chan Hwang Poetry Literature Prize in Korea(2019), The Golden Prize from Poetry City and International Indian Award(literature) from WEWU(World English Writer’s Union)(2019). He published the English version of “Heart of God”(2020, a bestseller) and its Spanish version in America(2021, a bestseller).

He received The ‘ORDER OF SHAKESPEARE’ MEDAL from Motivational Strips, Golden Words Certificate on Mother’s Day from Beliterat.com and WORLD POETIC PILLAR AWARD 2020-2021 from WNWU (World Nations Writers Union)(2021). He published my autobiography, “Secrets and Fruits of Mission” in USA(2021, a bestseller). He received Poetry Star Award from Chinese Literature Magazine and The International Issue Poetry Magazine(2021). He received Eva Prize from The Moment Inspirational News1(2022). He received Certificate of Honour from Oxygen Pen(2022). He published the Chinese version of his book, “Heart of God” in Amazon and reached Amazon bestseller #1 in Chinese eBooks. He received Tagore Memorial Honours(2022) from Motivational Strips with joint association of Department of Culture, Government of Seychelles and its Journal SIPAY. He received Kazi Nazrul Islam Birth Anniversary Literary Award-2022 from ShahityaPata(2022).

He received CERTIFICATE Nelson Mandela 2022, CERTIFICADO INTERNATIONAL VIVCTOR HUGO and MAHATMA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP AWARD 2022 etc. He got The Christmas Literary Honors 2023 from Motivational Strips and Golden Bridge award from the Rahim Karim World Foundation in 2023. His poems were published at the literary magazines or anthologies of about 26 countries such as America, India, Mexico, Chile, Belgium, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, England, China, The Philippines, Peru, Serbia, Colombia, France, Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan, Dubai, Tunisia, Kyrgyzstan, Portugal, Syria, Romania, Nigeria, Lebanon and Pakistan.

My Short Bio (Wansoo Kim)

Wansoo Kim achieved Ph. D. in English Literature from the graduate school of Hanguk University of Foreign Studies. He has published 8 poetry books. One poetry book, “Duel among a middle-aged fox, a wild dog and a deer” was a bestseller in 2012. He won the World Peace Literature Prize for Poetry Research and Recitation, presented in New York City at the 5^th World Congress of Poets(2004). He published poetry books, “Prescription of Civilization” and “Flowers of Thankfulness“ in America.(2019), received Geum-Chan Hwang Poetry Literature Prize in Korea(2019) and International Indian Award(literature) from WEWU(World English Writer’s Union)(2019).

He published “Heart of God” in America(2020). He published an autobiography book, “Secrets and Fruits of Mission” and a poetry book, “Flowers of Gratitude”(2021). He received India’s Independence Day Literary Honors 2021”(2021). He published the Chinese version of his ebook, “Heart of God,” which reached Amazon bestseller #1(2022). He published poetry books, “Captive of Crazy Love.”(2023) , “Teachings of Mother Nature(2024) and Exclamation Mark of Tears(2025)