Innovative High-Tech Methods for Diagnosing and Treating Diabetes Complications in Connection with Tuberculosis
Xolmatova G.A., Toxirova R.
Andijan State Medical Institute
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by a disruption in metabolic processes in the body, leading to impaired immune system function and reduced immunity. Consequently, patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing infectious diseases, one of which is tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to investigate innovative high-tech methods for diagnosing and treating diabetes complications in connection with tuberculosis.
The research involved 60 patients with type 1 diabetes who were under observation at the Andijan State Medical Institute clinic between 2022 and 2024. Among the main group, 39 patients had type 1 diabetes combined with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), 11 with tuberculosis, 5 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 2 with Graves’ disease, 1 with both AIT and tuberculosis, and 2 with AIT and IGT. Growth and body mass index (BMI) values were consistent with age-appropriate averages, and no significant differences were observed between the groups (r=0.78 and 0.72, respectively).
In patients with co-occurring autoimmune pathologies, HbA1c levels corresponded to subcompensation of carbohydrate metabolism (8.36±1.94%) and were significantly higher than in the control group (7.45±1.12%, r=0.004). Insulin requirements in patients with multi-glandular damage did not differ significantly from those in the control group (0.85±0.31 U/kg vs. 0.93±0.52 U/kg, r=0.33).
Biochemical blood parameters showed no significant differences: total calcium (r=0.42), ionized calcium (r=0.49), phosphorus (r=0.26), alkaline phosphatase (r=0.71), cholesterol (r=0.32), lipoprotein fractions (r>0.05), triglycerides (r=0.08), urinary iron (r=0.41), and ferritin (r=0.70). However, TPO antibodies were significantly higher in the main group compared to the control group (327.41±469.91 IU/ml vs. 42.12±37.44 IU/ml, r=0.0001). TSH and C-peptide levels did not differ significantly between the groups (r=0.10 and 0.40, respectively).
Recommendations for improving medical care for children with diabetes:
Establish a monitoring system for all diabetes complications (specific and nonspecific) starting from the diagnosis.
Ensure adequate staffing of pediatric endocrinologists and establish regional endocrinology centers.
Strengthen coordinated collaboration across all stages of care among specialists.
Ruxshona Izzatbekovna Toxirova was born on July 25, 2004, in the Oltinkoʻl district of Andijan region. She is Uzbek by nationality. From 2011 to 2022, she studied at the 48th general secondary school in the Oltinkoʻl district. Currently, she is a third-year student at the Faculty of Pediatrics at Andijan State Medical Institute. She graduated from school with excellent grades and achleved numerous successes, actively participating in subject Olympiads. She is the coordinator of the Girls’ Club. She participated in the conference “INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO CURRENT ISSUES IN MEDICINE” held on March 29, 2024. She is also the author of many articles.
Lan graduated from the Faculty of Philology in the branch of Albanian language and literature in Prishtina, from Republika of Kosovo. He is a professor of the Albanian language in the Gymnasium. Lani is the Editor-in Chief of the international cultural and artistic magazine ORFEU, which is published in many languages in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo. He is also the editor of the cultural show ORFEU on TV Jupiteri7 channel on YouTube. He wrote poems, stories, drama, novels in Pristina. He has written in many newspapers, portals, Radio, TV, and Magazines in the Albanian language and in English, bangu, Romanian, Francophone, Turkish, Arabic, Italian, Greek, Swedish, Hindu, Spanish, Korean etc.
The two extraterrestrials went to a diner near the entrance to Manhattan’s Lincoln Tunnel to try classic earth food. They took a booth. The waitress, whose name was Florence, and who would refuse service to anybody who called her Flo, gave them a couple of menus and said, “I’ll be back in a few minutes, Hons.”
“Does she think we’re Hons?” one extraterrestrial asked the other, in their own language, of course.
“I don’t know why she would,” the other replied. “We don’t have scales or wings.”
They perused the menus, and soon Florence returned to take their order.
“So, what can I get you?” Florence asked.
“I’ll have a grilled cheese sandwich,” one said.
“I’ll have a hamburger,” the other said.
“How would you like your burger?”
“Probably very much,” the extraterrestrial said.
“No, how would you like it cooked. Rare? Medium? Well?”
“Rare sounds expensive, so I guess well sounds good.”
“All right, one grilled cheese, and one burger, well. I’ll be back shortly with your orders.”
The two extraterrestrials looked around the diner and commented on how funny all the diner diners looked. Then Florence returned with their food.
“Thanks,” both extraterrestrials said in unison.
“Can I ask you folks something?” Florence asked.
“Sure,” the grilled cheese extraterrestrial said.
“Where are you folks from?”
The burger extraterrestrial told her the name of their planet.
“Sorry, I didn’t catch that.”
Burger extraterrestrial repeated the name of their planet. It was nothing like Florence had ever heard before.
“Don’t know it,” Florence said. “Must be in Jersey.”
Peter Cherches’ latest book is Everything Happens to Me, an episodic novel about the misadventures of a Brooklyn writer named Peter Cherches.
What is it going to make a difference to him if a drop falls from the sky or gallons? He has opened himself to the world, lying there under the canopy of the shop. He cares nothing about the world. It is all one and the same to him if streams flow around him or if he is deserted on an island floating amid all the flood. The question is whether this or that would make a difference to him. I saw a woman pass by, feeling sorry for him. She was out taking her dog for a stroll, she looked at him and she shook her head. She felt sorry for him and out came from her little purse a coin of €1? Is she better off or I am? Is it not a crime giving little to someone when giving much more could have made a vital difference? I am fundamentally indifferent, his life or not is one and the same thing to me, I avow my nonchalance. Is the matter with us that I think I am philosophically right? When a woman can give, and when she feels sorry for him, it is criminal to give only €1 which can make no difference to this man lying under a shopfront on a wet wintry night. If she feels sorry
for him, she must go all the way to assuage him, otherwise she is morally wrong. If she gives him a little alms, and is of on her way shaking her head and feeling sorry still glowing in pleasure almost from the volupté of hitting a child whom you wanted to correct. The fact of the matter is I could have given €1 but I did not, the woman could have given it and she did, I could have even given €10 had I wanted to, the woman could have given €10 as well, with some effort I could have gone on to €100, it would not have killed me, the way we were and the locality we live in, I do not think it would be any trouble to the Madame as well, then come to it, thinking very very hard about it and selling a few things, I would have been on to €1000, the Madame would not need to sell anything and she could give him the money and probably forget it in a few days, come to €10,000 there I would have to pawn myself, or think of an ingenious means, while the Madame she finally might need to sell something or break a deposit…beyond this we do not think. The point is clear: the Madame is guilty in giving him €1 when €1000 would have been no trouble to her, for me I am philosophically right, because his condition is of no interest to me, great curiosity perhaps, and I would like to see him do well for himself and bag more (and grander) aumônes from passersby, but there I repeat my point, philosophically I am in the right, I who had no rôle to play in the drama where as the Madame comes across as a self-aggrandising brat who needs to give to feel herself, whose only point of charity is not to be lost in the maze of accusations and critique she might feel herself downcast under.
The rain is oblivious, and I am oblivious, and that is the way of the world and there is nothing in it guilty or absolved. Darkness is oblivious too, in the tunnel as the rails hiss and the tiles clobber and two young girls call up to me their bottles of rosé wine in the hands. “Hey you your hair shines like my party dress, when I dress-up.” “See I did not use any cream, unlike you, it is just the rain.” “What are you saying?” “I said I do not need any substances, the rain is bad.” “Come join us, you seem to have nothing at hand.” “I’m not sure I want to spend my date with brats like you.” “Come join us, you fool. See two girls are calling you with their music, we even have wine for you.” We passed the whole night together. For five hours, I kept drinking with the girls with music
playing on their stereo and they kept asking me questions, one after the other. In the middle of the two of them, I would have been an elder brother, or probably a maître who shares the two. From time to time they played with my hair, somehow my dark hair had taken their fancy. I kept chiding them saying all the glues and glitters they use for the hair, while my hair was all natural, all good rain and old sun. They kept pinching me around the shoulders. Many times our legs brushed, I mean my knuckles brushed against their calves. That is when I proposed we go back to my house. I have a comfortable bed and I said one of the two of you at least can sleep on the canapé (that was just to elicit jealousy out of them). The girls agreed readily, and they kept on playing music and swerving as if we were a group of Bacchantes out on the parade. The only thing missing was ivy wreaths and staffs in our hands. Way into the night we walked, the rain having subsided a little bit though the streets still wet. It is then I realised how much we had drunk. They had three bottles at least, in the beginning, plus one huge bottle of rum that I got from my money and that I allowed one of the girls to go because I did not want to let go of the other (one of the two, at any rate). Finally we got another bottle of Get 27, and kept mixing it with soda. The girls were holding well, except now and then bumping into the shop fronts. It is then under the canopy of the chocolate shop, that I almost missed the beggar lying wide astride with his hands flying in every direction and his mouth opened up to the skies, one corner in which I saw a cheap €1 bottle of white wine. It is then I thought to myself the girls sure smell better than him.
Arjun Razdan was first published at the age of 20 (a poem called ‘Transformation’ in The Asian Age, New Delhi) for which he has still not received the montant of ₹2126 (minus taxes) due to him. Based mostly in Europe, especially France, this Kashmiri writer has been published in many countries including India, Pakistan, the United States, and Portugal, besides his home country. In collaboration with his friend and mentor, Farzdan, he has also written a food mémoire (L’Aau à la Zouche), a book of dialogues (Lettres à Mon Elève) and a long travelogue in the wild (An Everlasting Night).
Role of time management and habit formation in education
UzSWLU, foreign language and literature 1st faculty
Shukurilloyeva Lazzatoy Shamshodovna
Annotation: This scientific article presents information about ways of habit formation, time management, punctuality and their role in education.
Key words: speed age, time management, taylorism, polymath
Living in the speed age is requiring us to manage our time more smartly than ever before. Otherwise, we will end up getting chased by clocks. Unfortunately, many people in our distracting world are failing to shape that habit of punctuality.” Lost time is never found again” – says Benjamin Franklin—American polymath. Our future depends on what we do now. If we want it to be bright, starting from now we have to appreciate it and manage properly. As the lost time cannot be found we have to make use of that when we have. The history of planning time goes back to very ancient times, over 1,500 years ago, human beings discovered many ways of managing time. It was the monks who used planning and strict schedules to boost productivity. Frederick Winslow is the person who has used the term “time management ” and considered to be the father of this field. His motto was: “Work smarter, not harder”. Thanks to his book “Principles of time management in 1911”, written with the association of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth people started thinking about the ways of doing things quickly and more productively. Taylor’s ideas are popular as Taylorism, and they are a crucial part of business administration.
The world has seen many of such professionals since then. One of them is James Clear, who showed the importance of habit shaping in time management with obvious examples in his book, called “Atomic Habits”. He says that, habits ended by satisfying results are highly likely to be repeated over and over again. Vice versa goes with the ones started by unsatisfying results. James Clear states that, every human behavior experiences this process:
Try ➡ fail ➡ learn ➡ Try differently
Which means, when you try to do something or build a useful habit you might encounter failure at the start. Then you learn the effective and proven ways of doing that, which makes you try again but differently. Ultimately, you find a way to be an achiever, not a loser. You have to do, try, rest, do again, learn, do, but should never stop along the way. Moreover, you have to make it enjoyable and engaging for yourself so you keep up with the habit.
There are a lot of ways to do to be labeled as a productive person. You are supposed to manage not only time, but energy too. It works like a paradox as you manage your energy, you will get your time managed too. Imagine, you finished 20 projects in the morning within five hours, would you go for an 80 minute lecture at the university? “No” without a doubt, you are already run out of your energy. So you cannot have other tasks done in the next following hours of the day.
James Clear strongly states that consistency is a key to achieving any success at any age. So you are supposed to be disciplined first before being productive. If you want to change yourself, you cannot do that gradually but over time with practice and patience. However, the writer recommends changing the atmosphere you have, first. It’s really important when you want to be another, best version of yourself. It is, actually, scientifically proven that habits can easily be changed when you are in a new environment. It makes it easy to escape from the subtle triggers that motivate you to do your current habits again and again. It is very difficult to read books on the same couch where you are prone to surf the internet, or to choose healthy food when at the cafe where you eat only junk food. In such cases, new environments can help greatly to form a good habit without interruption.
The same goes for the study habits you want to build: completing assignments before deadlines, constant engagement when learning a new language, being on time for classes. All of these goals need a new environment to become your habit. If you want to be productive academically but always see yourself struggling to get up early because of staying up late it will be hard to be referred to as “early bird”. Proof of this point is made by— David Allen, whose version of the Two-Minute Rule states, “If it takes less than two minutes, then do it now.” This rule helps us to start, whatever the situation is, because our mind knows that we will be able to finish that process within 2 minutes only, then it can do whatever wants. In two minutes as you finish you get very happy because you finished one project successfully. That thing creates dopamine in your brain and pushes you to do another thing in this kind of quick way.
Waking up earlier in the morning, which is quite hard to do easily is a very great opportunity to use this method. When your clock alarms, you have to say yourself: if I cannot stop being sleepy even after washing my face I will sleep. This method makes our brain to be fooled, as you wash your face, you realize you could wake early as you wanted. It is highly unlikely that you sleep again after such a big achievement of the day. And James Clear’s “1% percent better” strategy can also be helpful in this case.
If you want to be perfect, you will not be able to reach that level overnight, but with consistency and practice, he says. If you want to be a morning person you cannot be an early bird the day after you want to be, but you have to start with small steps like getting up 30 minutes earlier than you usually wake. Then with 1% change within 1 week, or 1 month, you will get a lasting habit. If the vice versa goes with you, however, you’ll get 1% worse each day. This technique not only helps you to get up early but also to start your day with a fresh and amazing mood that will come in handy both in academic and social spheres.
In management of time one of the most effective way is using “To-do lists”, as your mind feels itself organized. Once you finish doing things one by one you will put check marks next to them which makes you have a sense of accomplishment and makes you finish all the tasks on time. You can do that either in the traditional way (with pen and notebook) or with e-version of notebooks which are available in every smartphone, nowadays. This method not only helps you cope with all of the things you have to do throughout the day but also to balance your academic and social lives. As a student or employee, you might not spend a bunch of time with family members, who are a great source of stress relief.
Katherine Lee, an American poet, once said: “Quality family time is important for strengthening family bonds, improving self-esteem, creating happy memories, and reducing stress”. Balancing our day properly helps to have happiness, there will be no need to wait for some specific day to be happy but each minute will be significantly filled with joy and happiness once we start following this rule.
Energy management is very crucial when productivity is concerned, which ultimately leads to solid success that lasts forever. Plus, it is a double-edged sword that works both positively and negatively. That is to say, if you allocate your fresh and full energy period to something that is beneficial to your overall health and life that makes you to be motivated. Unfortunately, if you spend them consciously or unconsciously in a bad way like, surfing the net, chatting with friends and such kind of bad habits that work against yourself, you will end up having a distracted lifestyle. All of these depend on you, you chose to be successful or failure in the end. Both of them contribute to your overall motivation of life.
Time management, habits, punctuality, balancing day are all interconnected to each other. Once you possess strong habit of punctuality you can easily follow time management and can successfully balance your day. To start building all of these habits one should change current environment and never stop trying. Balancing academic life and family times are really important factors to achieve success of any kind.
REFERENCES
1) “The history of time management” https://www.taylorintime.com/history-of-time-management/#:~:text=The%20History%20of%20Time%20Management%20Dates%20Back%20to%20the%20Late%201800s&text=But%20it%20wasn’t%20until,the%20father%20of%20scientific%20management.
