Happiness
A blessing given to us,
Every land is wealth
Every time God gives,
It is a great happiness for us
My family is healthy
There is no blame
Live and laugh
It is the greatest happiness
Our sky is clear,
People are kind
It's productive all the time
That is a great happiness.
Boronova Sevinch Ural girl was born in 2006 in Dehkanabad district of Kashkadarya region. Currently, he is a 1st grade student of the Academic Lyceum of Karshi State University. His first poem is called "Onamga" and is the winner of the "Best Journalist" nomination. He is the author of the book "Charming pearls of Uzbek amateur poet and writers", poems and stories were published in the book "Flowers".
WEDDING CEREMONIES OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE-PAST AND TODAY
Mokhinur Sotvoldieva,
1st stage master’s student of ASU, Faculty of Philology
mohinurqodirova97@gmail.com Phone: +998930988168
Аnnotatsiya: Ushbu ilmiy ishda, o‘zbek xalqi to‘y marosimlarining o‘tmish va buguni, yo‘qolgan yoki butkul yangilangan udumlar, olimlarning bu borada olib borgan tadqiqotlariga atroflicha to‘xtalib o‘tiladi.
Аннотация: В данной научной работе подробно рассмотрены размышления о прошлом и настоящем свадебных обрядов узбекского народа, утраченных или полностью возрожденных традициях, исследования, проведенные учеными в этом отношении.
Annotation: In this scientific work, thoughts about the past and present of the wedding ceremonies of the Uzbek people, lost or completely renewed traditions, researches conducted by scientists in this regard are discussed in detail.
Key words: weddings of the Uzbek people, wedding, customs, courtship, betrothal, housewarming, meeting, blessing wedding, wedding sending (mazar), girl’s wedding (girls’ meeting), marriage education.
It is known that the stages of the emergence and development of Uzbek weddings go back several years. We know many nations with their historically formed traditions and customs. In particular, if we talk about the rituals of the Uzbek people, whose unique ethnographic history has been formed over the years, there are such customs and rituals that you will hardly find in other nations. Among them, the weddings of the Uzbek people are one of the main rituals that have been practiced since the distant past until now.
Uzbek wedding ceremonies are widely studied and are being studied by many people as one of our priceless values that reflect the culture, history, characteristics and stages of development of our nation.
In this regard, scientists such as D.D.Manukyan, Y.A.Sorokin, D.A.Gilfanova conducted research on the wedding ceremony. “Researches related to the names of modern wedding ceremonies A. Jo’raboev [7,9-35], Sh.Nurillaeva [10,11-39], H.Ismoilov [8,12-47], O.Boriev [6,42] , Z.H.Orifkhonova [4, 36], M.Kakharovalar [13,12-45]. The emergence of new traditions in wedding ceremonies during the Soviet era is reflected in the scientific works of O.A.Sukhareva, M.A.Bikjanova, N.P. Lobachyova, L.F.Monogarova, T.Kh.Toshboeva and M.B.Savurov found Researcher Z. Alimova also touched on Persian-Tajik wedding rituals in her scientific work [1, 102].” [1]
It is known from historical sources that the term “wedding” belonging to the family of Turkic languages was used in the form of “toy” or “kurultoy” from the time of the Mongol and Chigatai khans. If we look at the memories of the Arab traveler Ibn Batuta, who went to the Movarunnahr region in the 14th century for the purpose of the trip, “toy” is an annual gathering (kurultay), which was attended by Genghis Khan’s descendants, emirs and Turkish begs, prestigious women and military commanders. In the historical work “Tavarikh Khorezmshakhiya” (May 5, 1864) it is reported that the son of Minister Hassan-Murod Kushbegi, Muhammad Yusufbek, married the daughter of the Khan, and the party lasted for several days.
Over time, based on scientific research, it can be said that “wedding” is a special gathering in the circle of “elders”, with the participation of relatives, relatives, and officials, along with a big party and a special luxury, known as a tradition since the distant past. It is true that with the passage of time, some changes and updates have occurred in Uzbek weddings, but differences in the ceremony from region to region have been observed significantly. Therefore, as a result of the globalization of relations between different nations and peoples, Uzbek weddings from the period before the introduction of Islam and after that form an integral connection with each other. [2].
In the marriage system of the Uzbek people: betrothal, betrothal, house visit, meeting, blessing wedding, wedding send-off (mazar), girl’s wedding (girls’ meeting), marriage education, bride’s wedding, bride’s greeting, charlari, god’s call (father saw, girl saw ) there are rituals and ancient traditions related to them. Most of them are still preserved and celebrated.
The history of Uzbek weddings, their stage of development, genre characteristics have been widely studied by a number of scholars. In this field, A. Ashirov (“Ancient beliefs and ceremonies of the Uzbek people”), K. Kubakov (“Wedding and wedding ceremonies in the past and present”), H. Muin (“About the wedding and mourning ceremony”), H. Sulaymonova (“In Uzbekistan history and present day of wedding traditions”), H. Umurova (“About wedding ceremony terms in English and Uzbek languages”), Z. Alimova (“Comparative analysis of lexemes related to wedding ceremony in English and Uzbek peoples”), H. Ismailov (“Uzbek weddings”), M. Askarov (“Wedding: yesterday, today, tomorrow-ethnographic analysis”) and others conducted scientific research.
In the marriage system of the Uzbek people: betrothal, betrothal, house visit, meeting, blessing wedding, wedding send-off (mazar), girl’s wedding (girls’ meeting), marriage education, bride’s wedding, bride’s greeting, charlari, god’s call (father saw, girl saw ) there are rituals and ancient traditions related to them. Most of them are still preserved and celebrated. Among them, marriage, cradle and circumcision are among the oldest rituals.
Until the 20th century, weddings were held in homes, but by the 70s of the 20th century, the tradition of holding weddings in restaurants and cafes began. Most notably, the bride and groom’s dresses, which are the reason for the wedding, have also changed. The burqas and thick headscarves of the brides were replaced by a fata dress made according to modern fashion. Only the national cloak and turban worn by the groom remained. In addition, the number of wedding ceremony participants has increased relatively.
Also, in the 70s and 80s, the bride and groom and their “accompanying” friends went to the city’s memorials together, laid flowers, took pictures, videotaped, and put rings on each other. At the same time, especially in the capital, the composition of the bride’s sarpo became more “expensive” with items ranging from tableware, furniture sets to refrigerators, in addition to traditional items. At the end of the 20th century, due to the sharp increase in spending on wedding ceremonies, even in Tashkent, bachelor parties and wedding receptions began to be held together.
In conclusion, it should be said that the wedding ceremonies inherited from the past have been mixed with pre-Islamic and post-Islamic wedding ceremonies. In particular, to protect young people from the evil eye and calamities, they circle around the bonfire, put a big cover over their heads, sprinkle sweets and coins to wish them a happy life, make them sit on their laps, wish them to be rich, and treat them with boiled eggs. special events were held. «Ko‘rpa qavish», «maslahat oshi», «sabzi to‘g‘rar», «mol yoyar» and other udums have reached today without any changes. Even now, these ceremonies are held in the circle of relatives and neighbors, just like before. In addition, there are no additional news to these events. I mean, today’s weddings are held with equal participation of women and men, and it is also customary to bring famous artists to the wedding.
REFERENCES
1. V. Alimova. (n.d.). Comparative analysis of lexemes related to the English and Uzbek folk wedding ceremony, (p. 102).
2. Kh. Saydullaeva. History of wedding traditions in Uzbekistan and today-2021
3. A. Ashirov. “Ancient Beliefs and Rituals of the Uzbek People”,
4. H. Muin. “About the wedding and mourning ceremony”,
5. H. Umurova. “About wedding ceremony terms in English and Uzbek”
[1][1] Z.V. Alimova. (n.d.). Comparative analysis of lexemes related to the English and Uzbek folk wedding ceremony, (p. 102).
[2]Z. Alimova, Z. Ibrahimova. (2022). Comparative analysis of lexemes related to the wedding ceremony in English and Uzbek peoples. Science and innovation.
Teacher of the Department of Foreign Languages of SHDPI
Annotation: In this article, the essence of «Navroz», a national and ancient holiday of the Turkic peoples, the time of its emergence and the processes of celebration, the sources written about it in the Middle Ages, and the events held in connection with the holiday, as well as Navroz in the years of independence. The researcher commented on the attention paid to the holiday.
Key words: New day, Turkic people, UNESCO, UN, national heritage, historical sources, ancient traditions, years of independence.
Spring is the flower of the seasons, the season of awakening. The whole being, mother nature, lives and renews itself. There is a living creature that can enjoy the birth of a new day. It is not for nothing that Turkic people also celebrate Navruz holiday, that is, the birth of a new day, in the spring season. The term «Navroz» is composed of two Persian words, «nav» – new, «roz» – day, meaning «new day». Navruz is the most popular and beautiful holiday of the Turkic people. According to historians, the history of this holiday is more than 3 thousand years. Navruz is mainly celebrated on the vernal equinox. Navruz is a symbol of the rebirth of nature, the season of renewal and living. On this day, the ancient traditions and national traditions of our people, which have acquired a new color, are revived. Navruz holiday is celebrated in our country as a symbol of prosperity, peace, harmony, international harmony and tolerance, a real eastern holiday that awakens goodness in our hearts. During the years of independence, Navruz was recognized as a national holiday. In 2009, Navruz holiday was included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. In 2010, the UN General Assembly announced March 21 as the International Navruz Day and called on all countries to widely promote this ancient holiday in the world.
Navruz is one of the oldest holidays in history. According to historical sources, Navruz is a traditional holiday whose history goes back thousands of years. March 21 is the equinox day. On this day, several people of the Northern Hemisphere celebrate Navruz as a holiday. Among them are the Turks, Turkmen, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Tatars, Georgians, Persians, Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Afghans and Albanians in the Motherland and the Balkans.
Navruz folk songs such as «Navroz», «Sumalak», «Boychechak», «Binafsha», «Muborakabad» are popular in Uzbekistan today. Navroz tunes are now sung at local national and even international concerts. -songs are available. In addition, the Afghan song «Mulla Mamajon» is very popular and is sung in Mazar-e-Sharif, Iran, and Tajikistan. Navruz is also celebrated in Uzbekistan as one of the national holidays. March 21 has been declared a holiday.
Think about it, there is a lot of news in the world.
If you look deeply, you will feel gratitude in your step,
With pure intentions, you will always be better than the good ones,
In fact, in this life, conscience is also a dear faith,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
It's full of possibilities, if you aspire, you'll find the right words.
Desires are formed, hands bow to the light,
The people will pray, the slaves who loved the Creator,
A caravan that has started on the path of truth, dear leader,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
I love my country, like a mother, like a brother,
I give my love, there is nothing in my heart,
I type, I write like a drum.
The time that praises and applauds its poet is dear,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
There is courage in their youth, fire in their hearts,
Old people have strength and courage,
Friendship, peace, justice are stable in my homeland,
A piece of land, water, air, sky dear,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
This country is a big homeland, the nation is different, the wedding is one,
All have one soul, one dream, one thought,
It is pride, it is honor, its victory, its melody is the same
This is the past of the country, dear science and culture,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
I feel your love like butterflies
I love you like a child and like mothers,
Like grains spread on black and white boards,
Dear every champion who bears his flag,
Pat every child's head, dear dear,
The opportunity given in new Uzbekistan dear,
Dear people in new Uzbekistan!
KASHKADARYA REGIONAL, 2022 year
3rd year student of UzJOKU, Kashkadarya region, Nigora Togayeva
When I say the moon, they say there is a spot on the moon.
They hung me in the sky of bad!
Put the wine of bad in my cup,
They poisoned my tongue with longing
I’m patient again so that they don’t talk
He told me to go to my grave without you!
I took what I knew to what I didn’t know
I’m sorry I didn’t see you
When you’re far away from me
I felt like I understood, the suffering of bad!…
What a feeling, what a passion,
When I miss you when I can’t speak
If I open up from the rocks like tulips,
I’m sorry if I can’t reach you.
If they cut it off, oh, foreign hands,
Are the roads blocked for you!
These deserts were bright,
Loneliness tormented those ways…..?
Is there a thorn in the flower you stretched out?
Are you as strong as me?
My hair is torn, I sleep in bad,
Is my heart so hard for your love…?
I can’t find my way to you
I cried because of longing,
I took the letter I wrote in my hand,
They threw me into the sky of longing.
I didn’t know what love was,
Don’t you love me more than life
If you love, why did you leave me alone?
If I am the moon, you are my sun!
They said don’t talk, they cut my tongue.
They hung in the sky of longing,
They blocked my way to you
They blocked my way to you
They wrote that love is a burden!!
They cut my tongue saying don’t talk.
Without you, my heart and soul have died..!
Mavluda Ruziyeva was born On June 19, 1967,Samarkand region
She was born in the village of “Honaqa” in Ishtikhan district.
Member of the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan since 2006, admitted to the Creative Union of Journalists of Uzbekistan in 2022.
She is the author of poetry and prose works, books of essays such as “One Love Fate”, “Bring My Mother Back Stars”, “Unrecognizable From Words”, “Double Rivers”, “Meeting in a Dream”, “The Night the Moon Laughed”.
USE OF MODERN TEACHING METHODS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Rejabova Dildora
Rejabova Dildora Ergashali qizi
Namangan State Pedagogical Institute Faculty of Pedagogy
Primary educatio 1student
+998948939203; E-mail: rejabovadildora@gmail.com
Abstract: This article describes the use of modern teaching methods in primary school classes of general education schools, their importance in increasing the effectiveness of classes
Today, our country is rapidly developing in all fields. At the core of all fields, of course, is education. In particular,primary education lays the first foundation stone. Currently, our state has to ensure that teachers have a creative approach to lessons, widely introduce advanced pedagogical and information and communication technologies in their work, and is the foundation of students’ initial knowledge acquisition. necessary measures are being developed and implemented in order to increase their interest in mastering all subjects. The concept of “Development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030” defines the main directions, including:
– By 2030, the Republic of Uzbekistan will enter the ranks of the first 30 advanced countries of the world according to the PISA (The Program for International Student Assessment) rating of the international student assessment program;
-Qualitative updating of the content of the continuing education system;
-Improving the teaching methodology, gradually applying the principles of individualization to the educational process.[1]
One of the great sages said, “…if you don’t worry about the future, give your children a good education and teach them.” As our grandfather Yusuf Khos Hajib said: “Where there is intelligence, there is greatness, where there is knowledge, there is greatness.”
Today’s time puts great demands on the teacher and the student, the main of these demands are the effectiveness and quality of the lesson, the knowledge and skills of the students in various educational activities in schools, their organization and through it It is the students’ acquisition of various knowledge and skills. The role of modern information technologies in the organization of today’s demanding lesson is incomparable. Because through themthe use of multimedia, animation, graphics, slides, video films helps to make the lesson process more interesting.
The teacher uses modern computer technologies can perform several tasks:
– by using multimedia technologies in primary classes students develop interest in science;
– this method of education activates students’ thinking abilities and increases the efficiency of learning material;
– provides an opportunity to model and visualize processes that are difficult or complex to demonstrate;
– assimilation of educational materials not only according to the level, but
effective according to the level of logic and acceptance of students;
– students are given the opportunity to search for and find materials and find answers to problematic issues through independent research;
– conditions are created for students to master a new topic, solve examples, write essays, statements, get acquainted with educational materials, select and analyze information and data quickly [2]. In previous traditional teaching methods, students were taught to acquire ready-made knowledge, but today, students have the opportunity to search for, collect, and familiarize themselves with information through modern media. they eat
Now the question is, what can be taught to students through these information technologies? First of all, it is about teaching methods, teaching methods are the teacher anddetermines students’ directions and actions. These methods include a set of methods used by the teacher to master knowledge, skills and abilities. working using some elements of the second teaching method together with the main teaching method used in the teaching. The tool is the auxiliary teaching materials necessary for the implementation of the teaching methods – tools, weapons, apparatus and the like. [3] Today, based on the requirements of the times, it is appropriate to put the word “modern” in front of the term “teaching methods”. Because if we don’t modernize our teaching methods, the effectiveness of the lesson will drop sharply. Because this does not satisfy the needs of the students and the time. The mental development of the current students is stronger than the previous ones, the children of the 21st century. For this reason, if it is passed by simple methods, the interest in the lesson will be lost.
Currently Designing, Problem Situation, True-False, Self-Assessment, Reading Comprehension, Brainstorming, Sinkwain , “BBB”, “Brainstorming”, “Fifth plus”, “6x6x6”, “Debate”, “Working in small groups”, “Snowball”, “Zigzag”, “I have the last word” technologies are used. In this process, the center of the lesson is not the teacher, but the students. The main task of the teacher in the process is to create conditions for personal development, learning and upbringing, and at the same time performs the task of management and direction.
About the effectiveness of the above methods. “Self-assessment” method, as we can know from the name, the student is assessed by himself, not by the teacher. The advantages of the method are that it takes less time, all students at the same timeit is evaluated by completing tasks. It helps the student to understand what kind of knowledge he has and does not lead to bad attitudes towards the teacher. He sees his mistakes with his own eyes and tries to correct them.
“Find the fifth” method. This method is of particular importance in students’ acquisition of logical thinking skills. When using it, the following is done:
– formation of concepts that serve to reveal the subject being studied;
-achieving the placement of four (five, six…) related concepts and one unrelated concept from the resulting system;
– assign students the task of identifying one concept unrelated to the topic and removing it from the system;
– to encourage students to interpret the essence of their actions, that is, they need to know why they left out a word and how the rest of the words are logically connected with each other.
For example, a series of words: book, pen, pencil, window.
Redundant word: window.
Educational tools: book, pen, pencil.
New pedagogical technologies are of great importance in making primary school students interested in lessons, mainly visual aids, various interactive games are used to make lessons interesting and easy.
If we combine the modern methods we use with modern media, it will fully meet today’s requirements. Rather than working with handouts on plain paper, that’s itif we show the materials on the screen and perform the tasks, students will develop the skills of working with information technologies. This will serve as a great foundation for their future activities. At the same time, they will have the competence to work individually and in small groups, to act as a team with their friends. The lesson will be interesting, high-quality and productive, and there will be an opportunity to acquire more knowledge. By posting videos on a topic based on real events, it opens a wide way for students to understand the world faster.
The use of computer game capabilities together with didactic games makes the teaching process even easier. Most of the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the lesson are still not used by young students in activities outside the classroom, their practical value is lost and the power is significantly reduced. Put the acquired knowledge and skills in the gaming computer environment. learning leads to their mastery and mastery, motivation. The high level of emotionality of young students is significantly limited by the strict framework of the educational process. Computer training allows to partially eliminate high emotional tension and revive the educational process .[4]
In conclusion, the use of modern information and communication technologies and modern teaching methods in primary classes helps students to think independently, to expand their creative research and logical thinking, to connect what they learned in classes with life, and to increase their interest in the lesson. . The effective use of conditions created by teachers based on such modern requirements and the organization of classes based on advanced pedagogical and information communication technologies guarantees the quality of the educational process.
List of used literature:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 29, 2019 “On approval of the concept of development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030”.
2. Ismatova.Sh.B. “Advantages of using modern information technologies for teaching in primary grades.” – “Science and education” scientific Journal, 2020. www.openscience.uz.
3. “Education” complex.
4. Umarova, M.R. “The importance of using ICT in primary education.” – “Interpretation and research” scientific journal, 2022.
“Pygmalion” is a play written by George Bernard Shaw. It is named after a Greek mythological figure and was first presented to the public in 1913. Having carved his Galatea from ivory, the mythological Pygmalion appealed to Aphrodite to breathe love and life into the statue. After falling in love, the statue came to life, became the wife of the hero and gave birth to his daughter. However, a psychological play and a psychological novel of the twentieth differs from the ancient myth in that it does not recognize formal endings. A realist writer appeals to everyday experience, and from experience we know that life is far from always obedient to our intentions.
Taking the myth of Pygmalion as the basis of the dramatic plot, Shaw permeates it with irony. While the reader or viewer, having believed in the mythologism of the drama in advance, patiently, albeit with some distrust of the new Galatea, awaits a happy ending.
“Pygmalion” has the subtitle “A Romance in Five Acts”, which emphasizes the closeness of the play in its style and artistic objectives to the English realistic prose of the early twentieth century. Meanwhile, this mature, artistically perfect work of the English writer is a vivid example of the genre of “drama of ideas” he himself created. Sometimes this favorite genre of Bernard Shaw is also defined as “intellectual” or “paradoxical” drama.
“Pygmalion” explores how social identity is formed not only through patterns of speech, but also through one’s general appearance. The book highlights the complexity of human relationships, and the interaction between classes. One of the biggest lessons is from Eliza and it is if you keep on elevating and making yourself better in life, it is virtually impossible to return to the way you were. The book teaches us how the upper class ostracized the lower class. Shaw highlighted the errors in people’s ideas of how the lower classes lived and all the social prejudice including views of women and of the poor.
The plot of the work is quite ironic due to parodic stylization, tragedy of the life of society, directed against a spiritually rich person, and the main elements of the play are numerous paradoxes and discussions. Thus, the theme of the work emphasizes the spiritual awakening of people possible through the art of words and creativity. This play has a more social and democratic orientation, being a work about the natural equality of people living in society.
This work is like a psychological love drama, which entailed the hatred of its participants for each other. It shows how carefully people ought to treat all living things, the author tells us about the fear and avoidance of cold experiments on people.
During the writing of Pygmalion, Shaw was particularly fond of phonetics. He believed that ideally correct English speech is possible to change a person’s character and behavior. Subsequently, he donated a large amount of money to compile a new English alphabet, helping to eliminate the line between writing and pronunciation of words. The theme of “Pygmalion” in the minds of Shaw’s contemporaries was connected with the ideas that he shared with all his heart – the ideas of social equality and female emancipation. However, later, having survived the social recipes of its time, this work essentially returned to the mainstream of those eternal themes that originate in the ancient myth. This is a play about how a person in his creation of another person can become like the divine creator.
The play “Pygmalion” tells us how the lives of people can change thanks to the received education. So, the play’s problems are multifaceted. We emphasize that Bernard Shaw was able to highlight the problem of inequality of people in society in his work. The play also has an instructive and educational value related to education. After all, proper education and upbringing plays an important role in the life of any harmonious and self-sufficient person.
After reading this book I have to conclude that it takes more than just talking as a lady to become one. In my point of view, Eliza was able to be a lady, however it is not so easy. It was very complicated to change one’s character or behavior. Even Eliza has just chosen another life with different society. At the end, she has understood that this kind of life is not for her and she just wanted to be happy, to stay the way she was with her kindness.
Uzbekistan state world languages University the third year student of the faculty of English Philology Boboeva Bakhora
