Ibodimova Lobar Muzaffar qizi Student of Group 24_16 Department of Uzbek Language and Literature Faculty of Philology and Social Sciences Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute
Missing You
Missing you, Why do my tears rush like rain? In the embrace of the night, my heart is washed with longing. Dear mother, I miss you, Mother, I miss you so much.
I feel your value in every moment of my life. Laugh, mother, so the world may smile, So your longing daughter may know her worth. Calling you my kind one who prays for my success, I cried, mother, missing you.
When I laughed, you laughed with me, When I cried, you cried as well. When I fell, you lifted me up, praying for my happiness. You who always cherished me, calling me “my daughter”, Stay healthy forever, my dear mother Feruza.
I would tear down the world just to come to you, To come and hold you tight, to shower you with kisses. You have always been the one I needed, mother.
Annotation: This article provides information on the significance and key characteristics of joint educational programs for students. Through these programs, it is possible to observe how undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students develop an understanding of the global academic environment and undergo noticeable changes in their worldview. Based on international standards, the program relies on effective cooperation between two universities and the involvement of experienced faculty members and a dedicated academic team, offering a unique educational experience that has a transformative impact on students’ lives.
Keywords: joint educational program, undergraduate studies, Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, State Testing Center
Joint (Dual-Degree) Educational Programs. A joint (dual-degree) educational program is a form of education that provides for the training of specialists and the awarding of a qualification (diploma) recognized in all countries where the foreign partner higher education institutions are located, based on an agreement signed between the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign partner higher education institutions. It is known that starting from January 1, 2022, a procedure for expert evaluation of joint educational programs was introduced by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Only those joint educational programs that have received a positive expert evaluation are permitted to carry out educational activities.
From that date onward, many state universities located across Uzbekistan have launched joint educational programs in various fields. Examples include the joint educational program between Tashkent State University of Law and the Ural State Law University named after V. Yakovlev; the joint program between Uzbekistan State World Languages University and Dalian Polytechnic University; and the joint educational programs implemented by Bukhara State University in cooperation with Széchenyi István University of Hungary. Through these programs, students are able to obtain diplomas from both local and foreign higher education institutions simultaneously, gain opportunities to study abroad during their education, and benefit from learning new languages and cultures.
Admission Requirements for Joint Educational Programs: First, announcements for online applications are published on the official websites or social media platforms of the selected universities or institutes. After submitting an application, entrance examinations are conducted in accordance with the admission procedures jointly developed by the higher education institution of the Republic of Uzbekistan in agreement with the foreign partner institution.
Applicants who score at least 30 percent of the maximum possible score in the first-stage examination are eligible to participate in the second stage. In the second stage, based on the request of the higher education institution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an entrance examination in the foreign language of instruction of the joint educational program is administered by the State Testing Center under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Applicants who obtain at least 30 percent of the maximum possible score in this examination are allowed to participate in the competitive selection process for the joint educational program and are admitted in accordance with the established admission parameters.
Organization of the Educational Process: In joint educational programs, classes are delivered in a comprehensive and high-quality manner by both local and foreign faculty members. The teaching process широко incorporates modern technical equipment, interactive teaching methods, practical training sessions, and project-based learning approaches that meet contemporary educational standards. In some programs, students have the opportunity to complete a certain portion of their studies at the foreign partner university itself.
The primary objectives of these programs include elevating the quality of education in Uzbekistan to an international level, training highly qualified and modern-thinking specialists, promoting academic mobility, and adapting students to the global labor market. Joint educational programs offer numerous advantages for students, such as the opportunity to obtain a foreign diploma, in-depth study of foreign languages, acquisition of international experience and knowledge, increased competitiveness in employment, and the development of independent thinking and adaptability.
Conclusion: In conclusion, joint educational programs represent one of the most promising directions of the modern education system. They play a significant role in enhancing the academic competence of the younger generation, preparing specialists with international experience, and increasing the prestige of the national education system.
Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan: causes, consequences and recommendations.
Tashkent State University Of Oriental Studies
World economy and international economic
relationship orientation student
Toshbekova Nozima Rasul qizi
Orcid: 0009-0002-8038-3656
Email:nozimatoshbekova58@gmail.com
tel: (+998)93 949 49 78
Annotation: This article will consider the issue of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study is to identify the main causes of unemployment among young people, their socio-economic consequences, as well as provide practical recommendations for solving the problem. The study used statistical analysis, comparative method, observation methods. As a result, it was found that the main causes of youth unemployment were discrepancies between education and labor market demands, inexperience, lack of jobs, territorial and gender differences.
Keywords: Youth unemployment, labor market, employment, digital economy, gender equality, human capital
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada O’zbekistondagi yoshlar ishsizligi masalasi ko’rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi yoshlarning ishsizligining asosiy sabablarini, ularning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy oqibatlarini aniqlash, shuningdek, muammoni hal qilish bo’yicha amaliy tavsiyalar berishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda statistik tahlil, qiyosiy usul, kuzatish usullari qo‘llanilgan. Natijada, yoshlar ishsizligining asosiy sabablari ta’lim va mehnat bozori talablari o‘rtasidagi tafovutlar, tajribasizlik, ish o‘rinlarining yetishmasligi, hududiy va gender tafovutlar ekanligi aniqlandi.
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается проблема безработицы среди молодежи в Узбекистане. Цель исследования — выявить основные причины безработицы среди молодежи, их социально-экономические последствия и дать практические рекомендации по решению проблемы. В исследовании использовались методы статистического анализа, сравнительного метода и наблюдения. В результате было установлено, что основными причинами молодежной безработицы являются несоответствие между образованием и требованиями рынка труда, отсутствие опыта, нехватка рабочих мест, региональные и гендерные различия.
Introduction
Unemployment is a situation in which a part of the economically active population cannot find a job that is suitable for them and becomes unemployed. In economic life, unemployment manifests itself as a situation in which the supply of labor exceeds the demand for it. The cause of unemployment can vary: such as the development of techniques, a reduction in market demand for goods, an increase in demand for skilled labor.
Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan is becoming an increasingly urgent socio-economic problem. Youth unemployment not only slows economic growth, but also increases migration, negatively affects the morale of young people, and leads to inefficient use of the country’s human capital. More than 60% of Uzbekistan’s population is under the age of 30, and 500,000 to 700,000 young people enter the labor market each year. While the overall unemployment rate has fallen to 4.9% by the end of 2025 , the youth unemployment rate has been found to be approximately twice as high as the overall figure, at 10.94% in 2024, according to the ILO and World Bank models. The purpose of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of the causes of youth unemployment as well as to offer effective solutions and recommendations.
Research methodology
This study was conducted using a survey method to study the problem of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. The study was conducted in September-October 2025 in various districts of Tashkent city (Yunusabad, Chilanzor, Shaykhontohur, Mirabad, Sergeli). The number of young people who participated in the survey was 52. The survey was conducted based on the following main questions:
Young people’s NNG age, gender, level of education and studied specialty;
Current employment status ;
The biggest obstacles to finding a job (experience requirement, lack of practical Qualifications, low number of jobs, territorial restrictions, gender differences);
The degree of incompatibility between the education system and labor market requirements;
The impact of digital technologies and automation on youth employment .
The survey was conducted online through the Google Forms platform, as well as in paper form in places where young people gather in Tashkent.
Review of used literature
The World Bank’s (World Bank)report “Youth Employment in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and Challenges” (2021) cited inconsistency between education and labor market demands , inexperience, poor jobs in rural areas, and high informality as the main causes of youth unemployment. The authors of the report (Alicia Marguerie and Maddalena Honorati) stated that the NEET level of youth (not in Education, Employment or Training) is high, especially among young women, which can reach up to 66%, stating that this situation is due to social norms, low wages and lack of formal jobs. It was noted that most young people work in low-productivity sectors (agriculture, construction, trade) and that labor migration is a temporary solution to the problem, but not a long-term one. The report highlights the need to improve the quality of education, strengthen career guidance, and reduce labor market barriers to improve youth employment. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) model assessment (ILOSTAT, 2020-2025), youth unemployment rates in Uzbekistan between the ages of 15-24 are fluctuating between 10.8–13% and are 2 times higher than overall unemployment. ILO data points to demographic pressure (500–700,000 young people entering the labor market each year) and insufficient job creation from economic growth as key factors. A 2020 study by UNICEF and the promotion movement found that 54.6% of young people are not engaged in either study, work, or vocational training after compulsory secondary education. The report highlighted the difficulties in accessing education and employment as the most pressing issue for young people, and emphasized the need to develop skills such as foreign languages, entrepreneurship, and business literacy. The UNDP’s 2025 report “Informal Employment in Uzbekistan” highlights the hidden forms of unemployment among young people and their exclusion from the pension and healthcare systems. It is noted that youth unemployment could reach 15.9%. Many local studies conducted by the Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan (stat.uz) highlight that the main causes of youth unemployment are the mismatch between education and the labor market, lack of experience, regional and gender differences. For example, in the works of Jo’rayev Sherali Anor o’g’li and others (2022–2025), demographic growth, lack of professional skills, and disparities in regional economic development are identified as the main factors of youth unemployment. The article by Abdullayev and Begalova (2021) analyzes current issues in ensuring employment, including youth employment, the development of vocational education, and improving the infrastructure of the labor market. They made proposals for professional orientation and the creation of new jobs based on foreign experiences. Mansurov Shahzad (2024) in his article” youth employment in Uzbekistan: opportunities and problems “assessed the effectiveness of programs such as creating new jobs for young people,” and subsidized loans, but still noted the high NEET level and migration problem.
Research Results
The following key observations were made based on the survey results: 74% of young people cited lack of experience and practical skills as the biggest obstacle to finding a job. 61% of young people said that the knowledge they received in educational institutions does not meet the requirements of the labor market. 68% of survey participants said that traditional jobs are being lost due to the development of digital technologies, but at the same time, new opportunities are opening up for young people with digital skills.
Among young people who have found a job or are expecting a high income, interest in digital directions turned out to be 2.1–2.4 times higher. 59% of young people who are in traditional occupations or are looking for work in this field said they are worried about the future of their professions due to digital transformation.
The results of this survey empirically confirmed the main factors of youth unemployment (lack of experience, mismatch between education and the labor market, difficulties in adapting to the digital economy).
The limitations of the study include the small sample size (only within the city of Tashkent), as well as the fact that it did not fully reflect the hidden unemployment situation. This methodology provided a clearer picture of the current state of youth unemployment and its relationship to digital transformation.
Discussion
The strength of the study was that it identified the impact of digital transformation through a survey conducted in Tashkent. This topic has become increasingly relevant in recent years, as automation is reducing traditional jobs while demand is increasing in IT, digital marketing, and other tech fields. It is a positive trend that interest in digital skills is high in the survey, but it is necessary to develop these skills.
At the same time, the limitations of the study are also worth noting: since the sample size is small (52 people) and limited only to the city of Tashkent, it is impossible to generalize the results to the whole country. Hidden unemployment and did not fully reflect the situation in rural areas. Overall, the study highlights the following areas to address youth unemployment:
Adaptation of the educational system to the requirements of the labor market.
Teaching digital and modern skills.
Development of mechanisms for creating the first work experience for young people Elimination of Gender and territorial inequalities.
If these directions are implemented, it will be possible to significantly reduce youth unemployment and effectively use the country’s human capital. The study shows that the problem is not only economic, but also social and educational in nature, requiring a comprehensive approach.
Conclusion
The main objective of this study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of the causes of youth unemployment in Uzbekistan, identify its socio-economic consequences, and develop practical recommendations for solving the problem. The main results are that the overall unemployment rate will remain around 10.8–10.94% in 2025, and youth unemployment will remain around 10.8–10.94% in 2024, according to ILO models – more than twice the overall rate. The significance of these results: youth unemployment not only slows economic growth but also increases migration. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations can be made:
Adapting the education system to the needs of the labor market,
Creating opportunities for young people to gain experience,
Encouraging the creation of new jobs in digital and innovative fields;
References
1.M.K.Abdullayev, D.B.Begalova (2021). Current issues in ensuring employment in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Scientific electronic journal “Economy and Innovative Technologies”.
2.Honorati, M., & Marguerie, A. (2021). Youth employment in Uzbekistan: Opportunities and challenges. World Bank Group. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/666311634704762319/pdf/Youth-Employment-in-Uzbekistan-Opportunities-and-Challenges.pdf
3.International Labour Organization. (2024). ILOSTAT database: Youth unemployment in Uzbekistan. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/
4.Jo‘rayev, S. A. son. (2022–2025). Research on demographic growth, lack of professional skills, and disparities in regional economic development.
5.Mansurov, S. (2024). Youth employment in Uzbekistan: opportunities and challenges.
6.United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Informal employment in Uzbekistan. UNDP Uzbekistan. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2025-10/report_informal_economy_eng.pdf
7.UNICEF, Youth Union, & Yuksalish National Movement. (2020). https://www.unicef.org/uzbekistan/media/3541/file/YouthofUzbekistan-ChallengesandProspects.pdf
8.Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025). Labor market statistics and youth employment indicators. stat.uz. https://stat.uz/
As the soft rain washes young blood from the street
Do they even know why they have died?
What kind of burden do they want us to carry?
Are we the sheep as we were?
In between old and new
What about those rebellions
Where wretches were sacrificed in the feast
Prepared by jackals for their wolf
The lion kept on roaring from the zoo
But the master knew how to keep his dogs happy with bones
Everything changed for the same thing to return
Can the Lucifer restore glory to this lost Shangri-La?
What if his dark glasses can’t find the vision?
Will the clown get up and perform on the stage again?
Jokers are ready to follow in the footsteps
Our red stars have fallen cold
And the sun doesn’t even have its shadows
But the bells of the temple are bustling
After the ritual of fire, smoke, ashes and sacrifice
Are we still searching for the way from one hell to another?
Who will find our golden calf that has gone astray?
For a nation without ideals
Grass remains green on the other side.
Beggars have no choice, they say
Like a kite hovering over an unknown horizon
What a monstrous torture
Who will fly us this time?
Oh! Generation of fire and zeal
Don’t let them crawl back
With the promises that resemble a hoax
Revolutions where pawns die for their savior
Listen to what they don’t say
Say what? They don’t want to listen
To the kings, queens, and those who remain unspoken
With their enchanters and bandwagons
Horses, donkeys, camels and ministers
They will weave their magic, play out their tricks
But don’t let them turn your hopes
Into just another circus
(Gaurav Ojha is a faculty member specializing in communication, critical thinking, management, and research at various educational institutions in the Kathmandu Valley. As part of his creative pursuits, Mr. Ojha regularly publishes opinion pieces, poems, and non-fiction articles covering a wide range of topics, including death, disease, social issues, humanism, and spirituality.)
Who the heck are you and what do you bring to the ball?
2. Getting yourself around and getting yourself chosen:
While making your rounds If you wanna get chosen first choose yourself
3. Managing your quirks neuroses while accentuating your positive traits:
Carefully calculate risks versus reward but not at the expense of not being YOU first
4. Daily functionality and internal stock management:
Identify what works and let go of the rest
Haiku: Let it Float Away
Let it all float away
Like the boats and the stray leaves
On a moonlit bay…–
Jacques Fleury
Jacques Fleury is a Boston Globe featured Haitian American Poet, Educator, Author of four books and literary arts student at Harvard University online. His latest publication “You Are Enough: The Journey to Accepting Your Authentic Self” & other titles are available at all Boston Public Libraries, the University of Massachusetts Healey Library, University of Wyoming, Askews and Holts Library Services in the United Kingdom, The Harvard Book Store, The Grolier Poetry Bookshop, Amazon etc… He has been published in prestigious publications such as Spirit of Change Magazine, Wilderness House Literary Review, Muddy River Poetry Review, Litterateur Redefining World anthologies out of India, Poets Reading the News, the Cornell University Press anthology Class Lives: Stories from Our Economic Divide, Boston Area Small Press and Poetry Scene among others…Visit him at: http://www.authorsden.com/jacquesfleury.–
Jacques Fleury’s book You Are Enough: The Journey Towards Understanding Your Authentic Self
