THE INTERCONNECTION OF FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN UZBEKISTAN
Abu Rayhan Beruni Urgench State University Faculty of Socio-Economic Sciences Field of Study: Jurisprudence Group: 251 Student: Qurolboyeva Shoxista Olimboy qizi Email: qurolboyevashoxistaa@gmail.com
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the essence of the close and inseparable relationship between family and society in Uzbekistan, as well as its social, spiritual, and legal foundations.
Keywords: Family, society, values, sacred institution, family relations, social institution, mahalla.
INTRODUCTION The family is the fundamental unit of society and a sacred institution. In the main document that drives the life of the country — the Constitution — special emphasis is placed on the family. The Constitution states that the family is the basic unit of society and that every family is under the protection of the state. The role of the family is extremely important in enhancing the spirituality of any state and presenting it to the world, because a person’s pure emotions and human qualities are formed and embodied within the family.
As the most important social institution of society, the family plays a significant role in human development and in the formation of national values. The research highlights the role of state policy and the mahalla institution in ensuring family stability, raising young people as well-rounded individuals, and strengthening social stability. Historically, the nature of family and marriage relations, as well as the attitudes of scholars and thinkers toward these values, have been considered highly important and of great practical significance.
The development of the system of family relations has resulted in a decrease in the number of people entering into marriage and in the establishment of stricter rules for choosing a marriage partner. One of the oldest forms of social organization in human history is the clan or tribe, which originated from a single maternal lineage and united all people descended from a matriarchal line. Essentially, such a clan represented a matriarchal family that connected all generations descended from the mother. One surviving example of this form is the Russian “matryoshka” doll, which symbolizes the interconnected descent of maternal generations.
A historical approach to family and marriage issues is reflected in the work “Mother Right” by the Swiss scholar J. Bachofen. In addition, the American researcher L. Morgan also expressed evolutionary views on the family in his works, particularly in the book “Ancient Society.” These works demonstrate the idea that the family institution is directly connected with social development, and that the improvement of socio-economic relations in society depends on the stability of the family. It is also emphasized that these changes historically occurred in connection with relations between representatives of different genders.
Family relations are also enshrined in the Constitution and constitute a separate chapter. “The family is the basic unit of society and is under the protection of society and the state. Marriage is based on the traditional family values of the people of Uzbekistan, the voluntary consent of those entering into marriage, and their equality of rights. The state creates social, economic, legal, and other conditions for the full development of the family.” The phrase “the family is the basic unit of society” means that the foundation of every society is the family. Without the family, neither society nor the nation can exist stably.
Therefore, the Constitution ensures the protection of the family by the state and society, meaning that the state creates conditions for strengthening families. Legal, social, and economic support for families includes benefits for women with children, protection of women, and housing programs for young families. The voluntary nature of marriage — the fact that no one can be forced to marry, and that every man and woman enters into marriage only with their own consent — is an important sign of respect for human rights and dignity. Society consists of relatively independent but interconnected systems, often referred to in science as subsystems.
These include economic (relations in the process of material production), social (relations between social groups, strata, and classes), political (state institutions and the activities of political parties), and spiritual (moral, religious, cultural, philosophical, and scientific systems). All of these are complex phenomena that, in turn, consist of smaller and more dynamic elements.
As one of the main elements of society, the individual participates in social life as a member of various communities. In this sense, society emerges as a “community of communities.” Society can be analyzed from different perspectives.
For example, history as a discipline is divided into various specific histories: the history of a particular country, the history of each science, the history of discoveries, the history of regions and cities within a country, the history of socio-political movements and parties, as well as the history of each society and family. Each of these reflects the chronological sequence of events experienced by its object from its emergence to the present.
Society creates all the necessary conditions for the family through education, healthcare, employment, and social protection systems, ensuring family well-being. In turn, the family contributes to social development by raising healthy, morally mature, and patriotic children. Family and society are inseparable concepts. They complement, strengthen, and develop each other. Harmony, kindness, and mutual respect within each family ensure peace and stability throughout society. Therefore, strengthening the family and creating a healthy environment within it is one of the most important tasks of society.
CONCLUSION The role and importance of the family in society are invaluable. A person’s upbringing, values, and worldview are formed first and foremost within the family. As the family is, so is society. If families are strong, caring, and spiritually rich, this positively influences social stability and development. The importance of the family in society is immense because it prepares individuals for social life. Qualities such as diligence, honesty, and patriotism are instilled in children primarily within the family. For this reason, family issues occupy a special place in state policy.
REFERENCES
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2023)
Vasila Karimova, Family Psychology
Personality and Society (Methodological guide for AL and KNK students), 201
BEKHBUDIY: CALL OF ONE HEART, ONE IDEA, ONE CENTURY
“Turon, what is your state, vying with the stars? Thousands of separate heads—Freedom, why not come? Find your own opportunity—Nation, why not rise? Time will not wait. Will the heart not beat? It is a companion to fear… Should I live like this? Your death is nigh.” (Najmiddin Ermatov)
Uzbekistan, my radiant land, the home of the golden cradle generation where the sun sleeps in your veranda when you sing a “alla”, where white “to’n and “adras” robes suit well, adorned with silk belts; the land of Mahmudkhoja Bekhbudiy, Fitrat, and Chulpan; a bright nation where faith and Islam are perpetual companions! My dearest sun-filled land, an oasis where the architect of the Taj Mahal, the engineer of the Nile, and the Imam Bukhariys originated; where spring whispers in winter, and gold blossoms in the soil! My heavenly nation, a pearl of the East, that has captured the morning shimmer of the sun in its orbits, a stellar land that has made both the sun and the stars fall in love with it!
My chest is full of pride that the great Turkistan enlighteners, who endured all hardships for the happiness and prosperity of this country and sacrificed their lives to lead the homeland from darkness to light, are my ancestors. The feeling and glorification of the homeland are inherent in the heart of every person who grew up on the soil of Mulki Turon. When talking about the brave sons ready to give their lives for their country, the difficult lives of our Venerable Jadids, who raised them in the spirit of the homeland, and simultaneously the dawn suns who opened the eyes of our nation, serve as an example for everyone.
“If we, the Turanians, spend the money we use for weddings and funerals on the path of science and religion, we will soon progress like the Europeans, and both we and our religion will gain prestige and development. If we continue in our current state, we will have nothing but humiliation and misery in religion and the world.”
The people were in a deep sleep of negligence. Yes, these were the words of Bekhbudiy spoken at a time when other intellectuals were bursting forth from within, like a volcano, with the cry of “freedom”… The more we study the history, life, and activities of these national luminaries, the more they remain alive, and the unfulfilled desires scratching a corner of our hearts are reincarnated. They are rivers that have overflowed their banks and flowed backwards, untamable stallions restless in chains, the frothing blood of the nation, the life of enlightenment that has reached the throat in the face of ignorance. The Jadids are the new echo of the questions sought from the essence of the homeland, the tears that flowed behind the eyes of Mother Turkestan, whose heart was filled with lamentation; they are the very identity of this country, the root veins of New Uzbekistan.
They were lessons incarnate, brought into the world to explain the value of the gift called life, the honor and respect of a human being, and what it means to be worthy of one’s nation and homeland. The goal of these innovators, who did not fit into the despotic system and had their own new world and ideology, was the noble pursuit of opening the nation’s eyes, achieving the days of progress for the people of Turkestan, reaching the world through educated national cadres, and building a free civil society on the foundation of enlightenment and culture.
Striving to reform and renew a backward country, its education system, Bekhbudiy despaired with the “needs of the nation” in his heart, saying, “This path leads to a bad end; we must learn and teach,” and never lost hope for our present day until his execution.
Have you seen the softly rustling, burning candles in the dark night? They flicker faintly, continuously and orderly spreading light. This light has the power to illuminate the entire night. Mahmudkhoja Bekhbudiy was such a candle of light. He selflessly sacrificed himself, like a shieldless victim, to return the sun to the dark, unattended heart of a slumbering nation. It was exactly Behbudiy who launched the wingless birds of the darkness of illiteracy into the sky of science, “drowned” the thirsty fish in the ocean of endless books, and acted as the rider for the unsaddled horses.
Mahmudkhoja dreamed of seeing the Uzbek people on equal footing with developed nations, and he stood out among the mature Jadids of the period of intellectual awakening with his worldview and activities. In his view, the school alone was not enough for enlightenment. It was necessary to keep up with the times and world events, to be aware of the condition, and daily life, of the nation and homeland. Therefore, society needed a mirror in which it could see both its ugliness and its beauty. This need and necessity led Bekhbudiy to theater and the press.
“Padarkush” came into existence during this period. The author called this work a “national tragedy,” and it tells the story of ignorance and folly, where an uneducated child falls into corrupt ways and kills his own parents. Despite its small size, the lesson to be learned from it is extremely important. The life path and scientific and social activities of this enlightener, who tried his best to light the candle of the future in people’s hearts, are an endless example for us, as are his works and instructive ideas.
In particular, there is a lesson in Behbudiy’s attitude towards world phenomena. His discretion in distinguishing between friend and foe is immaculate. The evidence he provided to prove his views is strong. The weights of his balance scale are not hollow inside. That is why dozens of names of Eastern scholars and titles of works appear in the content of his articles. Since he knew Russian perfectly, he referred to Russian books and the ideas of Russian scientists. There is great pain, a great dream, and meaning embodied in the communication, awareness, and cry of His Holiness Bekhbudiy with world civilization, world scientists, and world-famous books. For instance, in his article “Islahi Tahsil” (Reform of Education), he wrote, “We should send students to Egypt to systematically study general religious and Arabic literature and learn the methods of education there.” In this regard, he freely expressed his recommendation.
Bekhbudiy is the star that defines the nation’s new path! Bekhbudiy is the gazelle staring into the far distance, trying to save its herd from predators! Bekhbudiy is the rope that fell into the hands of executioners and is preventing the innocent from perishing! Bekhbudiy is the compassionate soul worried about the lifeless, impoverished people, astonished by the populace that has even forgotten religion! Bekhbudiy is the love whose heart is burning while looking at those smiling as they die! Bekhbudiy is the tightrope walker carefully passing the pearl of knowledge from one heart to another above those silently watching! What an honor that Mahmudkhoja was born like the sun, with such dedication fixed in his body and soul.
Indeed, the Jadids were not ordinary people. They opened new method schools and created textbooks. They enriched our language with writing and linguistic units. They worked tirelessly, like swallows trying to awaken the sleep in people’s eyes. They went from village to village, knocking on doors saying, “We have brought knowledge, please accept it.” The pen was their sword, every letter put on paper served them like a soldier. They published newspapers and magazines, wanting to awaken the nation with only one thing—the truth. Prison chains, years of exile, and even the executioner’s sword could not stop them. All of them sacrificed their lives on the path of their sweet dreams. Is there a greater, more magnificent deed than this for a nation?
True, this enlightenment movement, which urged the future towards light and stirred Turkestan, encountered great obstacles, was erased from the pages of history, the national leaders were branded as “nationalists,” and the bright faces were blackened. However, neither chained legs nor bound hands could turn the Jadids, who have taken an eternal place in the consciousness of the young generation, away from the path of enlightenment. The secret of eternity lies precisely in this commitment and self-sacrifice.
“Oh Turkistan, did you manage to preserve the second pearls emerging from the shells? Did you not accept with a torn and patched shroud those who honored you with poems that sang of your love in every line? Oh Turkistan, did you stand by silently when the riders galloping in the field of literature were whipped on the head? Did you not share sustenance from your fields and dastarkhans, becoming a ready meal for those who trampled your sacred soil? Oh Turkistan, did you ever throw the stones that muddled the water back at them? Even if evil deeds and the most sordid events occurred in your past, could you loudly proclaim the thousands of treasures of enlightenment, the priceless jewels of knowledge within your chest?
Turkistan, every dream of yours has a unique secret, every night of yours is adorned with divine inspiration. Turkistan, we bow to every wind of yours, we cherish every flower of yours. We will shine as stars in your sky, we will pay our debts as children on your lands, we will be the generation that preserves your power!
In conclusion, our ancestors, who dreamed of seeing their colonized homeland among the world’s developed countries by fighting against ignorance and defending the nation’s honor, have achieved their goals today. Now, we, the owners of today, have a strong duty not to forget that we must realize the centuries-old dreams of our ancestors, preserve the land where peace reigns, and make the youth understand whose descendants we are through our aspirations, participation in reforms, and initiatives.
Indeed, the future of New Uzbekistan is a glorious responsibility entrusted to our shoulders. As Bekhbudiy emphasized: “Oh zealous youth! The time is yours. Unite with each other, build societies, and serve the nation’s cause.”
Mukhammadjonova Dilafruz was born in Andijan, Uzbekistan. She is 19 years old. She is a second year student of the National pedagogical university of Uzbekistan. She gained a lot of achievements. For instance, a national certificate from Mother tongue and literature, again from English and Turkish. She owns more projects in her study.
Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar’s Participation in an International Innovation Competition and Conference in China
In October 2025, Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar, a student of Andijan State Technical Institute, took part in a series of high-profile international academic and innovation events held in the People’s Republic of China. His participation marked an important milestone in his academic and professional development, while also highlighting the growing international engagement of Uzbek students in global innovation platforms.
On October 13, 2025, the China International College Students’ Innovation Competition brought together nearly 500 teams from different countries, creating a highly competitive environment focused on innovation, engineering creativity, and technological solutions. Among the finalists of this large-scale international competition was Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar, who successfully advanced through multiple stages and ultimately earned the Silver Award (2nd place). This result demonstrated Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar’s strong analytical thinking, problem-solving skills, and ability to perform at a high level in an international setting.
The achievement of Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar attracted particular attention due to the scale and prestige of the competition. Reaching the final stage and receiving a Silver Award in a contest of this magnitude was recognized as a significant accomplishment, reflecting both individual capability and the increasing competitiveness of students from Uzbekistan and Central Asia on the global stage.
During the competition, Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar actively engaged in academic and professional exchanges with representatives of leading Chinese universities. In particular, discussions with professors from Shanghai Jiao Tong University focused on innovation-driven education, research collaboration, and future opportunities for international cooperation. These interactions contributed to strengthening academic ties and expanding professional networks at the international level.
Following the competition, on October 18, 2025, an international conference dedicated to the China International College Students’ Innovation Competition was held at Northwest Agriculture and Forest University in Shaanxi Province, China. The conference gathered participants from Central Asian countries as well as representatives from several other regions, serving as a platform for dialogue on student innovation, education, and international collaboration.
At the conference, team leaders from five countries were invited to speak as official speakers. Representing Uzbekistan, Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar participated as a speaker and delivered a presentation focused on the competition experience and its broader academic significance. In his speech, Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar provided insights into the innovation process, shared reflections on international academic cooperation, and highlighted the achievements of Andijan State Technical Institute in engineering education. Special emphasis was placed on the institute’s role in preparing highly qualified engineers and its standing among the leading engineering higher education institutions in Uzbekistan.
One of the most notable initiatives voiced during the conference was proposed by Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar—the idea of organizing the Central Asian stage of the China International College Students’ Innovation Competition in Uzbekistan in the coming year. This proposal generated strong interest among participants and organizers, who viewed it as a promising step toward enhancing regional cooperation, increasing student mobility, and strengthening innovation ecosystems across Central Asia.
The international activities of Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar in China reflect his active involvement in global innovation processes, his confidence in international academic communication, and his growing professional presence on the global stage. His participation in both the competition and the conference stands as a clear example of how young specialists from Uzbekistan are increasingly contributing to international innovation and academic dialogue.
Faculty of Pedagogy, Kattakurgan State Pedagogical Institute
Annotation of Profession-Oriented Literature
Annotatsiya
Ushbu maqolada kasbga oid adabiyotlarning mutaxassislarni tayyorlash jarayonidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida sohaga tegishli ilmiy va o‘quv adabiyotlar tahlil qilinib, ularning nazariy hamda amaliy jihatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, kasbiy bilim va ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishda adabiyotlardan samarali foydalanish yo‘llari ochib berilgan. Maqola natijalari ta’lim jarayonida va amaliy faoliyatda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
В данной статье рассматривается роль и значение профессиональной литературы в процессе подготовки специалистов. В ходе исследования были проанализированы научные и учебные источники по специальности, раскрыты их теоретические и практические аспекты. Также показаны эффективные способы использования профессиональной литературы в формировании знаний и навыков. Результаты статьи имеют важное значение для образовательной и практической деятельности.
Annotation: This article discusses the role and importance of professional literature in the process of training specialists. The study analyzes scientific and educational sources related to the field and reveals their theoretical and practical aspects. In addition, effective ways of using professional literature to develop professional knowledge and skills are highlighted. The results of the article are significant for both educational and practical activities.
In today’s rapidly developing society, socio-economic progress has significantly increased the demand for highly qualified and competitive specialists. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the vocational education system is to train professionals who possess modern knowledge and practical skills. In this process, profession-oriented literature plays a crucial role as a primary source of information. Such literature contributes to enriching theoretical knowledge, developing practical experience, and enhancing professional competencies of specialists.
Through in-depth study and analysis of scientific, educational, and methodological sources, students and professionals gain access to current developments in their fields, improve independent thinking, and develop problem-solving skills. At the same time, effective use of professional literature creates opportunities for applying innovative approaches in professional activities.
In modern education, systematic study, selection, analysis, and annotation of profession-oriented literature are of great importance. Annotation allows the main content of a source to be presented concisely and clearly, ensuring clarity and efficiency in scientific work. This helps researchers and learners save time and quickly identify relevant information. This article explores the role of profession-oriented literature in the educational process, the theoretical foundations of annotation, and its practical applications. The analysis of existing literature and evaluation of its effectiveness serve as the basis for improving vocational education, enhancing research quality, and strengthening professional training.
Main Part
Profession-oriented literature is an essential component of vocational education and specialist training. It enables students and professionals to acquire in-depth theoretical knowledge, develop practical skills, and enhance professional competencies. This type of literature includes scientific monographs, textbooks, учеб manuals, research articles, and methodological guidelines. The selection and systematization of professional literature are particularly important. The relevance, scientific validity, and practical significance of sources directly affect the quality of specialist training. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze literature in each professional field and identify its key ideas and conclusions.
The process of annotating literature increases the effectiveness of scientific research. Annotation briefly presents the content of a source, revealing its purpose, main focus, and scientific value. Through annotation, researchers can quickly determine the relevance of a source for their studies. This process also develops analytical thinking skills.
Moreover, the role of modern information technologies in working with profession-oriented literature is steadily increasing. Electronic textbooks, online scientific databases, and digital libraries make the acquisition of professional knowledge more accessible and efficient. These resources expand opportunities for independent learning and continuous knowledge updating. As a result, the quality of education improves, and students develop skills in searching, selecting, and critically evaluating information, which enhances their competitiveness.
Profession-oriented literature also broadens specialists’ professional outlooks by introducing advanced experiences and modern approaches. Regular engagement with such literature increases professional responsibility and fosters a need for continuous self-development, ultimately leading to more effective professional performance.
It should be emphasized that annotating professional literature is not merely a process of summarizing information, but an important skill that reflects analytical thinking, logical reasoning, and scientific approach. Through annotation, authors learn to distinguish key ideas from secondary information and present content clearly and concisely. This contributes to the development of scientific communication skills, professional literacy, and independent decision-making abilities.
In addition, profession-oriented literature serves as a reliable foundation for integrating theory with practice in vocational education. Systematic work with professional sources helps students understand real-life professional situations and apply theoretical knowledge effectively. Such literature also supports the development of critical thinking and analytical skills by encouraging comparison, evaluation, and interpretation of different scientific viewpoints. Furthermore, exposure to high-quality professional literature promotes academic integrity and research ethics among students. The use of annotated sources enables learners to navigate large volumes of information more efficiently and select relevant materials for their studies.
Profession-oriented literature also contributes to lifelong learning by motivating specialists to continuously update their knowledge. As a result, professionals become more adaptable to changes in their field and technological advancements. Consequently, effective use of professional literature enhances the overall quality of vocational education and specialist training.Moreover, profession-oriented literature plays an important role in forming students’ professional identity and motivation toward their future careers. By studying field-specific sources, learners gain a clearer understanding of professional standards and expectations. Such literature helps bridge the gap between academic learning and workplace requirements.
In addition, engaging with diverse professional texts improves students’ academic reading and writing skills. Profession-oriented literature also supports evidence-based learning by encouraging the use of verified scientific information. Through regular analysis of professional sources, students develop the ability to justify their ideas with credible references. This process strengthens their problem-solving skills and independent learning capacity. Ultimately, continuous work with professional literature contributes to the formation of competent, responsible, and competitive specialists.
Conclusion
In conclusion, profession-oriented literature has significant scientific and practical value in the process of specialist training. It contributes to the formation of professional knowledge, skills, and competencies, while the analysis and annotation of literature enhance the quality of scientific research. The study demonstrates that effective use and proper annotation of professional literature increase the efficiency of the educational process and ensure the competitiveness of specialists.
Annotation develops students’ analytical and critical thinking skills and forms the ability to present scientific information concisely and accurately. It also helps to better understand the structure of scientific works, improving academic literacy among students and researchers. As a result, the overall quality of education is enhanced.
Furthermore, profession-oriented literature expands specialists’ professional perspectives, introduces advanced experiences and modern approaches, and increases professional responsibility. Continuous engagement with such literature fosters self-development and leads to more effective professional activity. Thus, studying and annotating profession-oriented literature plays a vital role in improving research effectiveness, enhancing educational quality, and strengthening professional competence. Moreover, profession-oriented literature plays an important role in forming students’ professional identity and motivation toward their future careers. By studying field-specific sources, learners gain a clearer understanding of professional standards and expectations.
Such literature helps bridge the gap between academic learning and workplace requirements. In addition, engaging with diverse professional texts improves students’ academic reading and writing skills. Profession-oriented literature also supports evidence-based learning by encouraging the use of verified scientific information. Through regular analysis of professional sources, students develop the ability to justify their ideas with credible references. This process strengthens their problem-solving skills and independent learning capacity. Ultimately, continuous work with professional literature contributes to the formation of competent, responsible, and competitive specialists.
References
1.Karimov, I.A. High Spirituality Is an Invincible Force. Tashkent: Ma’naviyat, 2008.
2. Abduqodirov, A.A. Methodology of Vocational Education. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi, 2016.
My mind wrestled itself, pinned ‘tween Law and Gospel, Vision and Division. And pondered my place within the world — a time to remember? To dismember?
And then I heard, inside, Jehovah: “Wisdom is your recognition that midgets and giants are members of one family. And the pierced are the parents of the whole. This saith Allah the LORD.”
(A disputatious bluejay argues over the head of the wheelchaired woman.)
And then I heard from inside, Allah: “The dark and the light, the female and the male, the hallowed and the damned — and the wide and varied spectra between — all inhabit the same castle hovels, eat identical fruits and breads, fill their mutual lungs with the same necessary air. They live only to die alike. Thus saith Buddha the LORD.”
(A frolicsome collie is crushed beneath the wheels of the speeding Mercury.)
And the, from inside I heard Buddha: “Siblings are the sinister and the sincere. The thankless are inseparable from the sanctified. The unhurt and the maimed share one body after all, hidden by illusions of skin and gender, atlas and caste. Thus saith Krishna the LORD.”
(A gynandromorphic monarch flutters to the patient finger of the eager child.)
And then from within came Krishna: “The ancient one was an infant once, just as the babe shall one day age. Nights belong to insomniacs and narcolepts alike, and the sun is owned in equal measure by the famous and the nameless. Thus saith Ra the LORD.”
(A jet fighter scratches its vapor fingernails against the cloudless sky.)
And then I announced to myself:
Mankind is a patchwork of the alienated and the integrated.
Of the squandered and the saved.
Of the vicious and pacific.
Of the sane and the imbecile.
Of ensultaned and enslaved….
And Heaven the shared possession of our various souls, demarcated by social lines and by lines within our minds.
