Cristina Deptula reviews an astronomy lecture from Joel Thomas at Oakland, CA’s Chabot Space and Science Center

— by Cristina Deptula
Last week, our own Joel Thomas came to talk to Chabot Space and Science Center staff and volunteers about the history of our understanding of light and time. His lecture, Galileo, George Washington and the Speed of Light, began with a discussion of Galileo’s observations and how they supported the Copernican, sun-centric model of the solar system. Through his telescope, only 30x magnification, Galileo saw the moons of Jupiter, craters on the Moon, sunspots, and the phases of Venus, which suggested that the planet was orbiting the sun.
Understanding that our planet rotated around its axis and revolved around the sun allowed for us to calculate where we were by observing the sun’s relative position in the sky. Latitude could be determined by looking at the sun’s altitude at your local noontime and comparing it to figures in declination tables, which recorded how much the sun’s position varied with distance from the equator. Figuring out longitude was possible because the earth rotated at a steady speed, 360 degrees a day, 15 degrees per hour. So if you compared your local time to Greenwich Mean time, you could see how far you had traveled in an east-west direction. This is a similar idea to knowing that you’re in an eastern state if you are three hours ahead of California time.

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Cristina Deptula reviews a talk on the next generation of biofuels by Deepti Tanjore and Ning Sun at Oakland’s Chabot Space and Science Center

— by Cristina Deptula
Last month for our volunteer enrichment Deepti Tanjore and Ning Sun of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory came to share with us about the next generation of biofuels.
According to Tanjore and Sun, last year the United States spent $274 billion on biofuels and created 14.5 billion gallons and 280,000 jobs. These substances hold promise for environmental conservation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 60 percent. Yet technical issues have slowed progress on biofuel development and made it difficult to scale biofuel production up to commercially useful levels. This talk focused on ways to improve the process to make biofuels more practical.
The first generation of biofuels were produced from cereal grains and other plants containing sugar and starch. These plants competed with food crops for land and water, so researchers looked into second generation sources of fuel, such as algae, straw, manure, nut shells, and crude glycerine. However, these had a complex chemical structure that was hard for microbes to break down into fuel. Now, as Tanjore and Sun discussed, advances in pre-treatment and the addition of enzymes to do some preliminary digestion before adding the microbes for fermentation helps break the rougher material down.

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Shelby Stephenson reviews the work of poet Hilda Downer

SHELBY STEPHENSON

HILDA DOWNER

(August 27, 1956 – )

 

Poet Hilda Downer

Poet Hilda Downer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • The gravitational pull of our ancestry,

the part of us that killed the Cherokee,

the part of us that is the Cherokee,

we drag through seconds of a concentration camp,

medieval wars in single red gulp.

From “History reflects itself as an old man,”

Bandana Creek

The melting pot aglow,

coal and feldspar,

mastectomies of the mountains

Native Americans revered as gods,

what if your Mohawk nose

does not serve up the American Pie?

From “America, the Beautiful,” Sky Under The Roof

Hilda Downer’s come out with another book (Bottom Dog Press, Huron, Ohio); I look

back almost four decades to an event I loved, Hilda Downer’s Bandana Creek, a startling, tough gift from Charlene Swansea, at Red Clay Books. Swansea could not write a “Letter of Regret,” regarding Hilda’s poems; Swansea’s mind was set. Charmed by the poet’s talent, she took the book and published it.

Now I hold Downer’s Sky Under The Roof. I see Reba’s here again, Reba Vance. Hilda writes, “my best friend all of my life.” “Towheads”: “Reba and I observe the way we used to stand at eye level with daisies, stepping stones up and down for walking on air as far as we could see

across the field. Butterflies test landed tiger colors for an instant takeoff.”

In the Introduction to Bandana Creek, Charlene Swansea keeps her pitch: “Hilda spent much of her childhood in solitary exploration of the blue Appalachian Mountains. Her wonder at the

co-existence of beauty and cruelty in Nature watered her secret writings like a spring.”

Would not we readers all be Voyagers sailing with Hilda Downer’s inspiration and imaginative guidance.

 

Sky Under The Roof starts in mouthfuls of folly: “Picking Cherries up Howell Hollow”:

“Unlike hybrids darkly marooned in stores, / these cherries glowed a delicate red from within – /

translucent white when unripe. / Little Rudolph noses, their guidance / balanced us on that tight wire, pulling us / to higher branches to reach more light.”

Touch and taste – smell – and seeing, hearing: “My tongue felt for the seam of the pit / long

after the last rags of fruit had weathered. / Near sandy ruffles in the dirtroad, / I smelled where a spring poked its finger out the bank. / Then, I spit out all possibility / deep from the dark / deep in the mountains / deeper still in childhood / attempting to see into Who I have and have not become.”

“A woman is segmented as an ant,” Downer writes in Bandana Creek: “I wait as a woman waits. / I like my own smell. / No man has known me beautiful / when I am alone and woman, / still or stirring, / a drawing power in the shoulders, / waist hidden from vertical glance, / breast to hip.”

And from “What is Under my Dress” (Sky Under The Roof): “I might lift the hem on occasion.”

“What Is Under My Dress” seems too long to quote. I choose these words as notes from the poem: “An editor once summed up / my poetry as merely listing, / told me to put that under my belt, / and would I drive with him to Vermont. / Here’s another list: / I don’t wear a belt; / I wear a vintage prom dress; / I refuse to face life like a man.” She does not: “and I’ll make up my own mind, / if there’s any room left, /about what to put under my dress next.”

Bandana Creek’s last poem is a hymn to jars: “Looking up from inside a jar, the stars / Are holes”:

Hilda Downer: “I want to call mama / when my mother strode / down the gravel driveway / like a man.” These lines are my close companions. I want to call my mother, too, through the oaktrees on top of my Paul’s Hill; like Hilda Downer’s Bandana Creek, a stream the mountains sing, I long for breath to keep her words “wondering why I’m not satisfied, / when all I ask for is the thirst and the water.” I am drawn to my own fishing holes. Deep down in wonder, experience orders change to build a bridge to another side. Far from Bandana Creek, I feel like a terrapin coming up for air at the Rock Hole on my Middle Creek.

What else can I say to show more truly the intricacies of the cruel, sweet beauty of

Hilda Downer’s gift for lines, her ways her pages move words like “the blue fixed waves

of mountains” which turn in her eyes and on her tongue to “the only ocean we had ever seen, and even a scant shell,” she writes, “was rare”; so “we listened to the ocean from a mason jar.”

When you consider that some of us write rhymes; others long and thirst for what they do not know, you may imagine Hilda Downer, this girl who becomes a woman, and dedicates Sky Under The Roof “to my sons, Branch Richter and Meade Richter” (artist Branch did the cover-art, picturing Hilda with a child on her back; Meade’s a fiddler − his band − The Sons of Bluegrass). The mother relishes the artistry of her sons.

Poets may long for difference and sameness. Consider “Jars” – from the last quarter of Sky Under The Roof: “There are no words that work, not under this sky, but maybe – above – ”: (That’s her inscription to me on the title page of Sky Under The Roof); in “Jars” she jots − “City boy who raised his jar to Tennessee – / can anything manmade be more lovely than a singular jar, / refractions like stilts of heaven through the morning / of an invisible forest?”

Bio:  Shelby Stephenson is Poet Laureate of North Carolina.  His play Maytle’s World was recently performed at the Cameron Arts Museum, Wilmington, North Carolina.

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Poetry from Tony Longshanks LeTigre

AT LAST OUR WAYWARD SON GRASPS THE GLORY OF FIREWORKS
 
 
“Happy Fourth, baby,”
said a woman I didn’t know,
as we passed one another on the Hawthorne bridge
 
(See, being nice is cool:
you Californians should try it some time*)
 
This isn’t usually my thing, either—
this jingoistic pageant of stars & stripes
& children with cherrybombs making more noise than usual
& “God Bless the USA” blaring from the publicly funded
& ridiculously underutilized PA system
 
(Let me pick the music next time—
“Rocket,” by Goldfrapp, shimmering over the water
as the fireworks display crests to its climax!)
 
Truth be told, I prefer the geese sailing serenely
breastdown on the water to the braying obnoxiousness of human beings;
birds, like most sensible critters,
for all their euphonious prolixity at the ripe hours,
also evince a respect for silence that a writer can’t fail to admire
 
But for once, I’m going to check all the baggage of my discontent
at the star-spangled door & go with the gaudy flow,
because it’s damn near 100 degrees,
& the river feels like the ocean on Maui,
& they say it’s safe to swim in now,
since they figured out that pumping raw sewage 
& dubious chemicals into the city’s water main liquid artery
—source of all life & our most precious resource—
was probably a bad idea

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Ryan Hodge’s Play/Write column

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-Ryan J. Hodge

For someone who enjoys a great story, is there anything better than a narrative that engages you from the very start? Imagine a world so rich you can almost smell the scents in the air, a delivery so clever it forces you to think in a way you never thought you would. I’m Ryan J. Hodge, author, and I’d like to talk to you about…Video Games.

Yes, Video Games. Those series of ‘bloops’ and blinking lights that –at least a while ago- society had seemed to convince itself had no redeeming qualities whatsoever. In this article series, I’m going to discuss how Donkey Kong, Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty and even Candy Crush can change the way we tell stories forever.

What Videogames Teach Us About Writing for Religion

Those who have committed to even a cursory study of philosophy have probably been introduced to something known as ‘The Allegory of the Cave”. This mental exercise, proposed by the Greek Philosopher Socrates, supposes that is a group of men were restrained from birth to stare at the wall of a cave; their perception of reality would only be that of the shadows reflected on that wall. It further supposes that if one of those restrained were to be released and shown reality beyond the cave, should he ever return to his comrades, they would actively attempt to silence him –including killing him, if necessary.

The_Cave

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Novel excerpt from Giorgio Borroni

Autumn in Horror

By Giorgio Borroni

autumninhorror

He picked up a hammer, looking at it as if struck by a brilliant idea: “Can I play with him? Can I nail him down like Jesus?”

Jessica smiled, shaking her head. Now more than ever, they looked like siblings.

“Come on, you idiot!” she told him, “Use the duct tape instead. We’ll tie him to the chair and we’ll make him spill the beans so he’ll tell us where he keeps the money.”

Alfio saw them tie the old man’s hands behind his back, whose thick white hair dangled over his chest, then they moved on to the ankles, which were fastened to the chair’s legs.

When they finished, the light of the crystal chandelier, covered in spider webs, trembled and turned off for a couple of seconds before turning back on again.

Alfio realized that he was not dreaming: this wasn’t a junkie delirium. Everything was happening for real.

This room with rotten green wallpaper seemed to squeeze him, he felt as though his lungs were deprived of air.

While cold sweat dripped down his forehead and locks of hair stuck to his temples and cheeks, he struggled to breathe oxygen, but more than ever that sickly and rank smell turned his stomach.

He looked at his hand, which was still holding the crowbar. It was his own, but by now it hurt because of how much he was grasping it, and he shivered like a leaf.

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Synchronized Chaos July 2015: Back to the Drawing Board

The phrase ‘back to the drawing board’ came into popular usage in 1941 with a Peter Arno cartoon in the New Yorker showing engineers walking away from a plane crash as the passengers and crew exited by parachute. The concept reflects optimism, choosing to rethink plans rather than give up in the face of a setback.

This month’s contributors return to the drawing board in a variety of ways. Brothers Burt and Dick Rutan, pioneers in experimental aviation, literally went back to the schematics many times while designing and constructing the plane for the Voyager Aircraft initiative, which eventually circled the globe without refueling. As technology industry veteran W. David Schwaderer outlined in his May talk to volunteers at the Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, CA, reviewed by Cristina Deptula, the Rutan brothers ended up having to rework not only the Voyager’s physical design but also the project’s funding sources, time frame, and itinerary. The entire initiative always seemed to be in a constant state of flux, repair and adaptation until its final landing at the Edwards Air Force Base.

Poetry from Tony Longshanks LeTigre echoes the spirit of the Rutan brothers, as his speaker continues down a path after a marked dead end and then sets up an authentic life within a makeshift home. Shelby Stephenson reviews poet Lester Graves Lennon’s new book My Father was a Poet, inspired by Lennon’s discovery of his late father’s writing. Mr. Lennon’s father was also a man of perseverance, as he worked hard on his family’s farm in the rural American South, helped raise many children and ultimately lost his eyesight, yet found the time to create insightful words. Shelby Stephenson also reviews North Carolina Poet Laureate Ronald H. Bayes’ new collection Earthen Musicillustrating how Bayes celebrates the sound and beauty of the English language.

Joan Beebe reviews two novels from Larry Higdon, The Storms of Deliverance and The School from Hell, both with a theme of rebuilding. We see an addicted man put his life together while dealing with alcohol-induced amnesia, and a discouraged young schoolteacher in a poor country area find hope through getting to know a fourth grade student. Beebe also contributes original poetry, shining a light on German-Americans suffering the stigma of being wrongly associated with Hitler’s regime, celebrating the United States on its July 4th Independence Day, and evoking the wanderlust conveyed by the sight and sound of a train.

Ryan Hodge, in his monthly Play/Write column exploring the intersection of literature, life and video games, points out how several old-fashioned video games and science fiction and fantasy novels reveal that the dystopian governments may not be as powerful as they seem. The authorities invest in making examples of isolated rebels to show that they are in control when in fact they are vulnerable to overthrow by a large enough group of people. In order to win these games, and perhaps to make changes to real-life systems of power, we rebels need to evaluate the situation and rethink our approaches to the conflict.

In her monthly Book Periscope column, Elizabeth Hughes reviews Adam Sachs’ novel Three Yards and a Plate of Mullet, about a young boy so fascinated with sports that he turned his interest into a career as a reporter covering local high school football games in his Florida hometown. Three Yards is a novel of suspense and nostalgic glory, both for big game schools and the shared excitement of cheering for the home team and for old-fashioned journalism, in the 1980s still conducted inside newsrooms and published on stacks of inky newsprint, where even a new cub reporter could make a difference by investigating and uncovering a scandal. As the news industry struggles to adapt to new economic and technological realities, these paeans to days gone by will hopefully inspire a return to the newsroom’s drawing board rather than a surrender of the ideals of reportage.

Kahlil Crawford interviews Leland Ware, founder of the 48Blocks blog, which discusses new trends in skateboarding and hip hop music. Ware urges his readers to remember that skateboarding is an art, and to stay original and authentic with whatever art forms they pursue. To him, much mainstream hip hop lacks creativity and should be invigorated with fresh voices.

Finally, Christopher Bernard gives us a poetic dialogue between the human soul and brain as the two meet in an independent artsy coffeeshop, discussing the relative merits of technical inventions, logic and material progress over idealized thought, meaning, human connection and intuition. In this piece, inspired by Pope Francis’ recent comments on climate change and the environment, Bernard invites us to reconsider and embrace aspects of life and our psyches he feels have been neglected.

FYI we are hosting a reception Tuesday July 14th, 6-8 pm at Oakland’s Octopus Literary Salon, 2101 Webster Street near Lake Merritt. Lewis Mark Grimes, artist who creates unique ‘feather rishi’ Egyptian inspired patterns from peafowl feathers printed on silk scarves, will come up from Southern California for this event to show off his work. All others are invited to read, bring books to sell and share, or just enjoy food and drinks and conversation.

Here’s the Facebook event page: https://www.facebook.com/events/484597488362766/ RSVP appreciated but not required.

Also, our colleague in Portugal, poet and software developer Rui Carvalho, hosts a poetry contest on his blog and invites all writers to participate. Our magazine staff will provide editorial expertise to judge this competition and provide free writing coaching to the runners-up.

International Literary Contest: Poems and Tales for Nature 2015

Competition Adjudicator: Rui M. Carvalho

Prize-giving will be by the end of October 2015 using the web and the website where the results will be displayed.

For further details, rules & entry form visit http://talesforlove.blogs.sapo.pt

 

Peter Arno cartoon from the New Yorker, May 1, 1941.

Peter Arno cartoon from the New Yorker, May 1, 1941.