The Rise of Online Education: Pros and Cons

Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy

Annotation: This article analyzes the rapid development of online education in recent years, especially its expansion after the pandemic, as well as the existing challenges and issues related to the digital divide. It also examines the digital skills of teachers and students, along with the current and future needs for this system. The article presents ideas based on the data and analyses of various international and local organizations. In particular, the development of Internet networks and information and communication technologies is highlighted as a key factor in strengthening online education.

Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada so‘nggi yillarda onlayn ta’lim sohasining jadal rivojlanishi, ayniqsa pandemiya davridan keyingi bosqichda uning yanada kengayib borishi, mavjud muammolar hamda raqamli tafovut masalalari tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, o‘qituvchi va o‘quvchilarning raqamli ko‘nikmalari, ushbu tizimga bo‘lgan hozirgi va kelgusi ehtiyojlar ilmiy asosda o‘rganilgan. Maqolada xalqaro va mahalliy tashkilotlarning statistik ma’lumotlari, tahlillari hamda amaliy tajribalari asosida ilgari surilgan fikrlar keltirilgan. Xususan, internet tarmoqlari va axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarining rivojlanishi onlayn ta’lim tizimining kengayishida hal qiluvchi omil sifatida yoritilgan.

Kalit so‘zlar: onlayn ta’lim, raqamli texnologiyalar, masofaviy o‘qitish, raqamli tafovut, raqamli ko‘nikma, innovatsion ta’lim.

Keywords: online education, digital technologies, distance learning, digital divide, digital skills, innovative education.

Аннотация : В данной статье анализируется стремительное развитие онлайн-образования в последние годы, особенно его расширение после пандемии, а также существующие проблемы и вопросы, связанные с цифровым неравенством. Кроме того, рассматриваются цифровые навыки преподавателей и учащихся, а также текущие и будущие потребности в данной системе. В статье приведены выводы, основанные на данных и аналитических материалах различных международных и местных организаций. Особое внимание уделено развитию интернет-сетей и информационно-коммуникационных технологий как ключевому фактору укрепления онлайн-образования.

Ключевые слова: онлайн-образование, цифровые технологии, дистанционное обучение, цифровое неравенство, цифровые навыки, инновационное образование.

Introduction

Over the past five to six years, digital technologies have deeply penetrated all areas of human life as a result of the pandemic. These changes have had a significant impact on the education system as well. In the context of globalization, alongside traditional education, online learning has developed rapidly and reached a new stage worldwide.

Today, distance learning and the use of electronic educational platforms are becoming increasingly widespread in many countries. Although a number of researchers have conducted studies in this area, the issues of digital transformation in education, particularly the improvement of service quality and teaching efficiency, have not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the convenience, interactivity, and expansion of learning opportunities through online education are becoming increasingly important.

Uzbekistan is also actively participating in this process and, following the pandemic, has implemented a number of systematic reforms aimed at developing online education. In particular, the introduction of e-learning systems, distance training courses, and national as well as international online platforms has increased interest in education and expanded learning opportunities for a wider segment of the population. As a result, the development of online education and the growing need and demand for it are becoming more dynamic.

Methodology

This research applies a comprehensive scientific approach to analyze the stages of development of the online education system, the influencing factors, and the existing challenges. The study employs analytical, comparative, observational, and statistical methods.

The theoretical basis of the research consists of the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Development of Digital Education”, as well as data from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, and international organizations such as UNESCO, OECD, and the World Bank. Additionally, international educational platforms — Coursera, Udemy, EdX, and Khan Academy — were analyzed, and their practices were compared with those of the national education system.

Empirical data were formed based on recent digital reforms in Uzbekistan’s education system, experiences in distance learning, and open statistical reports on students’ attitudes toward online learning.

To ensure the reliability and objectivity of the results, several independent sources were compared, and scientific views on the effectiveness of digital education were systematically analyzed.

Results and Discussion

The research results indicate that in recent years, the online education system in Uzbekistan has been gradually developing and becoming an essential component of the overall education process. Since the pandemic, distance learning formats have been introduced, and teacher-student interactions have shifted to a new digital format.

According to statistics, between 2020 and 2024, the use of online courses and platforms has increased by more than 70 percent. Most higher educational institutions conduct their lessons through platforms such as Moodle, Google Classroom, and Zoom. In addition, national platforms such as ZiyoNET and Edu.uz provide educational services to a wide audience.

The analysis shows that the main advantages of online education are as follows:

Absence of time and space constraints in learning;

Opportunity for learners to manage their own learning pace independently;

Effective use of information and communication technologies in the learning process;

Free access to international courses and certificate programs.

However, along with the wide implementation of online education, several challenges remain:

Insufficient internet speed and technical equipment;

Low level of digital literacy among some teachers;

Problems of discipline and motivation among students;

The digital divide between urban and rural areas leading to unequal opportunities.

The discussion revealed that to improve the efficiency of online education, pedagogical methods should be adapted to the digital environment, and regular training programs should be organized to enhance teachers’ digital competencies. Furthermore, mechanisms to increase students’ motivation toward distance learning should be developed.

The findings confirm that online education is becoming an integral part of the modern educational system, and improving its quality indicators can directly contribute to the digital economic development of the country.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that online education is becoming an inseparable part of the modern education system. Its implementation not only played an important role during the pandemic but continues to enhance learning efficiency and broaden educational opportunities in the post-pandemic period.

The experience of Uzbekistan demonstrates that educational processes based on digital technologies create opportunities for students to study independently, save time, and access global learning resources. However, the existing issues — insufficient technical infrastructure, digital inequality, and the variation in teachers’ digital skills — indicate the need for further improvement of the system.

Therefore, to further develop online education, the following recommendations are proposed:

Expand and improve the quality of internet infrastructure;

Introduce regular digital literacy and IT competency training programs for teachers;

Develop national online learning platforms and integrate them into international systems;

Increase students’ motivation for independent learning through interactive and gamified learning models.

In conclusion, online education is a crucial mechanism for advancing the education sector to a new level in the path of innovative development of modern society. Its effective organization contributes not only to the improvement of educational quality but also to the overall digital transformation of the country.

References

Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Development of Digital Education.” — Tashkent, 2022.

Reports of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. — Tashkent, 2023.

Azizkhojayeva, N. N. Pedagogical Technologies and Teaching Mastery. — Tashkent: Fan, 2021.

Karimova, D., & Kholmatov, A. Modern Forms of Distance Education and Ways of Their Practical Application. — Education and Innovation Journal, No. 4, 2022.

UNESCO. The Future of Online Learning: Global Education Report 2023. — Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2023.

World Bank. Digital Transformation of Education Systems: Opportunities and Challenges. — Washington, D.C., 2022.

(Young South Asian woman with long black hair and a red tank top and sash and headdress)

You know! 

You know!

You know what! 

in your face 

have that excitement, 

when revealed, 

Everyone’s face will light up. 

You know what! 

in your voice 

Human peace and sweetness, 

There is spice to cheerfulness.

You know what! 

to turn you on, 

Fragrance spread around. 

You know what! 

you have work 

In vivid examples, 

Waking up is dedicated to living. 

You know what! 

in your smile 

To make the world of magic, 

Spread the kingdom of laughter. 

You know what! 

Magic in your words, 

Eradicate people’s sufferings. 

You know what! 

keep yourself as 

Seeing you In the heart of nature’s sway, 

People are happy.

Short biography: Amb. Dr. Priyanka Neogi from Coochbehar. She is an administrative Controller of United Nations PAF, librarian, CEO of Lio Messi International Property & Land Consultancy, international literacy worker, sports & peace promoter, dancer, singer, reciter, live telecaster, writer, editor, researcher, literary journalist, host, beauty queen, international coordinator of the Vijay Mission of Community Welfare Foundation of India.

Freedom

A word 

Who has all the meaning of…

This is happiness 

This is harmony 

This is respect 

But what we do

Humans are killing humans 

Humans are manipulating humans

Freedom ,

A game between two birds without wings

Freedom,

A hope inside two hungry stomachs …

Freedom,

Elefteria

A sun waiting to rise…..

In our days 

In our century 

We are in need of second educational system 

Re write new words 

Or learn the meaning of the old one 

EVA Petropoulou Lianou “Freedom”

Two Wingless Birds: A Poetic Interpretation of Eva Petropoulou Lianou’s Poem

By: Rizal Tanjung

A Word Too Vast to Define

The poem “Freedom” by the Greek poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou is a silent outcry from an age that has forgotten the meaning of words. She begins with an invocation that echoes like a bell in an empty temple:

> Freedom,

A word

Who has all the meaning of…

That word—Freedom—stands alone, like the sun in an impartial sky. It is not merely a word, but a mirror where humanity reflects both its longing and its sin. In her opening lines, Eva exposes the irony of modern civilization: how freedom has become a mantra endlessly repeated, yet rarely understood.

The word bears the weight of history: from Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream to Anne Frank’s whisper in darkness; from Lord Byron’s revolutionary heart in Greece to Mahsa Amini’s final breath on the streets of Tehran.

The word lives and dies in every generation.

Eva writes not with ink, but with the coagulating blood of the world’s moral conscience. In the simplicity of her verses, she unveils humanity’s absurdity:

> Humans are killing humans

Humans are manipulating humans

Freedom, once sacred, has become a tool.

Humans kill in its name, manipulate in its name, and oppress under the illusion of defending it. In Eva’s vision, freedom is no longer something we possess—it is something we have lost and are desperately trying to recover.

—

Two Wingless Birds: A Metaphor of Existential Loss

> Freedom,

A game between two birds without wings

This line is perhaps the beating heart of Eva’s entire poem. It condenses the tragedy of the modern human condition into a single haunting image.

Two birds without wings—creatures born to soar yet deprived of flight. They can still play, but never rise from the ground. They flap at empty air.

Here, Eva’s imagery resonates with Charles Baudelaire’s “L’Albatros,” where the poet likens himself and humanity to a majestic albatross whose wings are too large to walk the earth:

> “The Poet is like the prince of the clouds…

his wings prevent him from walking.”

But Eva inverts Baudelaire’s logic. The wings are not too large—they are gone.

We live in a world where even the air of freedom has been confiscated.

If Baudelaire mourned the poet’s inability to fly in a vulgar world, Eva mourns the modern soul that no longer remembers it once had wings.

—

Freedom as Hunger

> Freedom,

A hope inside two hungry stomachs…

This image is visceral—it pierces the most primitive depth of human existence.

Eva shifts the notion of freedom from the ideological to the biological.

For the hungry, freedom is not a concept; it is bread.

For two empty stomachs, freedom is not a political slogan; it is a single edible hope.

In this, Eva stands beside Pablo Neruda, who in his Canto General proclaimed that revolution is not about flags, but about bread on the table of the poor.

> “Bread is born of the earth, and freedom too.”

Eva and Neruda speak from two distant worlds—Greece and Latin America—yet they bleed from the same wound:

true freedom cannot flourish in a starving land.

Her lines echo Frantz Fanon’s philosophy, who saw liberation not only as decolonization of the mind, but as the emancipation of the body.

Eva reminds us that before humans can think freely, they must first be free from hunger—both the hunger of flesh and of meaning.

—

Elefteria — The Sun That Has Yet to Rise

> Freedom,

Elefteria

A sun waiting to rise…

“Elefteria” (ἐλευθερία) — the ancient Greek word for freedom — was once the heartbeat of Hellenic civilization.

For Greece, Elefteria was not only a word but a goddess, a spirit, a destiny. She was the light born from centuries of struggle against oppression.

But for Eva, Elefteria is no longer the radiant sun—it is a sun waiting to rise.

Freedom is not a memory of the past; it is a promise unfulfilled.

This metaphor recalls Rabindranath Tagore’s “Where the Mind is Without Fear”, where he envisioned freedom as a dawn of consciousness untainted by division and hate.

To Tagore, freedom is the light of awakening; to Eva, it is the light that has not yet broken through the mist of the world.

The phrase “waiting to rise” carries a wound that never heals—a Camusian absurdity reminiscent of The Myth of Sisyphus. Humanity pushes the boulder of freedom uphill, only for it to roll back again.

Freedom, like Sisyphus’s stone, is eternally pursued but never fully attained.

—

The Second Education: Relearning the Meaning of Old Words

> We are in need of second educational system

Re write new words

Or learn the meaning of the old one

Eva ends with a gentle yet piercing philosophical critique. She calls for a second education—not an institution, but an awakening.

We must learn again what words truly mean, for words have lost their souls.

“Freedom,” “Peace,” “Love”—today they are mere hollow syllables, traded in political speeches and advertisements.

Eva calls for a moral-linguistic revolution.

She implies that the crisis of modern humanity is not economic nor technological, but semantic—we have lost the meaning of the words we live by.

In this, she echoes Friedrich Nietzsche, who warned that “words are the tombs of experience.”

Eva urges us to open those tombs and resurrect the spirit within.

—

Between Eva and the World: Philosophies of Freedom

Through brevity and clarity, Eva’s poem blends Greek spirituality, modern social critique, and universal awareness. She stands among the great voices who have wrestled with the idea of freedom:

1. Walt Whitman – who saw freedom as cosmic self-celebration in Leaves of Grass.

Whitman sang: “I celebrate myself.”

Eva whispers: “But what we do — humans are killing humans.”

Whitman’s tone is ecstatic; Eva’s is elegiac.

2. Langston Hughes – who dreamed of freedom deferred.

Eva’s “sun waiting to rise” mirrors Hughes’s “dream deferred,” but on a global scale.

3. Paul Éluard – who repeated “Liberté” as an incantation of resistance.

Eva repeats “Freedom” as lamentation.

If Éluard wrote against Nazi tyranny, Eva writes against global amnesia.

4. Rumi – who taught that true freedom comes from shedding the self.

Eva, within the secular silence of modernity, echoes the same truth: we have lost our wings because we have lost our souls.

—

Freedom as a Mirror of the Self

Freedom is a prayer shaped like a wound. It does not preach—it grieves.

Eva Petropoulou Lianou is not a prophet but a companion in sorrow, weeping with us over a freedom that has become “a game between two birds without wings.”

Her poem reminds us that true freedom is not merely a right, but a moral consciousness—

a refusal to kill, to manipulate, to forget.

Freedom is not just the breaking of chains; it is the rediscovery of the wings once folded within the human heart.

And perhaps, as she writes,

> Freedom, Elefteria — a sun waiting to rise…

That sun will rise—

when we dare to relearn the meaning of the old words we have long betrayed.

—

Beneath the Shadow of the Unrisen Sun

Eva’s Freedom belongs to an age starving for meaning—starving for morality, starving for humanity.

Her work stands at the crossroads of poetry and philosophy, prayer and protest, beauty and wound.

She does not write to glorify freedom,

but to restore it—to place it back into the trembling hands of those who deserve it.

—

Are we truly free?

Or are we merely two wingless birds,

still playing within the cage of history,

awaiting the sunrise of Elefteria

within hearts that have forgotten how to fly?

West Sumatra, Indonesia, 2025.

Rizal Tanjung 

Review 

EVA Petropoulou Lianou’s poem

                         The Fate of the Dark Night

 “My child, if I leave, you won’t find me again.”

The sun’s warm and broken rays disappeared. As the world dressed itself in black, owls shrieked with a chilling ugliness. Some people know better than anyone how terrifying an enemy the dark night can be—those are the ones who live in solitude.

When Sveta’s children suggested placing her in a nursing home, she had refused. And now, in a spacious house, she was left utterly alone. With age her bones weakened, seizures grew worse, and Sveta, helpless, longed for nothing more than a kind word. She cursed fate—for taking her husband seven years ago, and for scattering her children far away, like a volcano erupting from her heart, never to return.

Autumn had arrived, bringing a biting chill. The heavy black clouds above seemed to glare down at her. She went inside, intending to watch television for a while. The clock ticked like tireless ants in the field, yet to Sveta, time seemed to have stopped. Nothing on TV brought her joy; she grew bored. Entering the guest room, she slowly searched through the cabinet and found what she was looking for—the only keepsake left from a broken family: a photo album. Opening it, her eyes fell on the first page—a family portrait. In an instant, tears didn’t fall from her eyes, but blood.

Her little son Oleg, who had first spoken with the words “Mum, mum,” and her daughter Marina, who once prepared for a whole week to recite a poem at a holiday, appeared vividly before her eyes. As she thought of it, she realized the sweetest time for a mother was her children’s childhood. She longed to return to those days filled with tender worries. One by one, her memories poured out. Yet the same children who had never been deprived of her love, strength, gentle words, and money, now showed no interest in their mother’s condition—whether she lived or died, whether she was warm or cold, it was all the same to them. Bitterness filled her heart.

    When she saw the photograph from her wedding night, she was struck with yearning for her husband. “If only he were alive now, perhaps I would not be so humiliated,” she thought. Sveta’s soul was gone—only her body remained. Suddenly, a thunderclap split the sky, shaking the windows. Panic seized her. She felt as if she were burning from within, as though left to scorch in the middle of a desert. She longed to turn her face to the rain and rushed outside.

She had lost herself, running back and forth across the yard, as though someone were chasing her but could never catch her. She laughed so loudly as she ran that her voice seemed to echo with the thunder. The old white dog “Belka,” tied in the corner of the yard, barked at her without pause. At one point, she took too wide a step, slipped, and fell backward, striking her head on the ground. Unable to withstand the pain, she burst into tears. Her sobs mixed with the rain. In the embrace of the pitch-dark night, bright days flickered before her eyes.

   Years ago, it had rained like this too. Sveta rocked Oleg to sleep in the cradle, while her husband Ivan read fairy tales to Marina by candlelight. She had not known then that fate’s wheel would turn so cruelly. If she had foreseen it, she would never have let her children slip from her embrace. She would have taught them from childhood that it is not man who chases after sustenance, but sustenance that follows man. At that moment, she felt another sharp pain in her body. A seizure gripped her; her tongue rolled back, foam gathered at her lips. Helpless before fate, she collapsed. In the winter night, no one witnessed her agony—no one but the old dog in the yard.

Ablakulova Dilfuza Komiljon qizi was born on March 8, 2006 in Payariq district, Samarkand region. Currently, she is a 2nd year student of the Faculty of Public Law, group “B” of Tashkent State  University of Law. Volunteer of the University’s Legal Clinic, “Qomus” Clubs, and representative of the student committee.

DEVELOPING SPEECH CULTURE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS                                                    

         Author: Abdulazizova Nigina Faxriddin qizi                                                             Alfraganus University, Group BT 23/3                                                            3rd year student                                                            Email: niginaabdulazizova46@gmail.com             

                                               Phone: +998977363868

Abstract

This article analyzes the oral and written speech culture of primary school students, as well as effective methods for developing correct and culturally appropriate communication skills. It examines techniques for teaching students the fundamentals of proper speech through interactive and practical strategies. The study identifies key problems that arise in forming speech culture among young learners and explores scientific approaches to address them. The role of speech culture in social life and the importance of teaching effective communication are emphasized. The connection between speech culture and real-life situations is also discussed.

Keywords: Social speech, oral speech, methods, culture, written speech, socialization, ability, primary education.

Introduction: The primary education stage plays a key role not only in imparting knowledge and skills, but also in shaping students’ oral and written speech culture. The ability of a child to clearly and logically express thoughts is directly linked to future academic success and active social participation. For this reason, the development of speech culture in primary school students is considered one of the priority directions in modern education. However, in practice, students often face difficulties in both oral and written speech. These include limited vocabulary, poor grammar, pronunciation errors, and difficulties in expressing ideas coherently. Such issues demand the use of innovative pedagogical approaches by primary school teachers.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the main challenges encountered in developing oral and written speech culture in early grades, as well as their causes and possible solutions. It also highlights the significance of interactive methods, communicative approaches, and pedagogical technologies rooted in national values.

In recent years, important reforms have been implemented in Uzbekistan to promote the status and use of the state language. For example, the Presidential Decree “On the further development of the Uzbek language and improvement of language policy” (October 20, 2020) approved the “Concept for the Development of the Uzbek Language and Improvement of Language Policy for 2020–2030”.

The document aims to ensure the full use of the state language in all areas, raise public speech culture, and expand the scientific, educational, and cultural use of the language. From this point of view, forming the speech culture of students in primary education is not only a pedagogical issue but also a matter of social and spiritual importance, contributing to the strengthening of the status of the Uzbek language in society. The research findings offer practical recommendations for effectively developing speech culture in students.

Main Part

Raising well-rounded and competent youth — the future of our nation — is a top priority. Children should be able to freely and correctly express their thoughts in any setting, regardless of whom they are speaking to. For this, developing proper speech habits from an early age is essential.

When a child starts school, their vocabulary begins to grow. At this stage, the teacher plays a vital role in guiding students towards proper speech and explaining the concept of speech culture. But first, we must understand what “speech” is, how to develop it, and the requirements it must meet.

Speech is a form of human activity that utilizes language tools — words, phrases, and sentences — to express thoughts, convey emotions, and influence others. It is divided into two main types: oral and written speech.

Oral speech involves verbal communication between individuals. It is one of the primary forms of speech, typically occurring in real-time interaction. Its features include immediacy and the lack of editing opportunities.

Written speech is a more complex process that requires time and focuses on literacy and content clarity.

Vocabulary development methods include: • Direct observation of the environment; • Use of unfamiliar or rarely seen pictures; • Reading literature; • Showing educational and documentary films. A child’s lexical reservoir expands as they are introduced to their surroundings. A word is memorized when the child can mentally associate it with an object or action.

Educational games should consider children’s age and individual traits. The pace and rhythm of the game are crucial — if too slow, children become bored; if too fast, they become overexcited and distracted. Types of games include: • Games with objects and toys; • Table games; • Oral word games.

There are several effective methods for developing students’ speech culture: • Organizing events outside of class; • Using visual technologies; • Performing stage plays related to speech culture. These help instill moral values and communication skills. Using visual aids in lessons helps form lasting impressions in students’ minds. Extracurricular reading also plays a vital role in shaping students’ speech. During reading sessions, students: • Learn reading etiquette; • Build reading habits; • Understand characters’ behavior; • Express impressions using vivid language.

As Alisher Navoi noted in “Mahbub ul-qulub”:“Although language is an honorable gift, it becomes a curse when misused.” This implies that while speech is powerful, its misuse can be destructive. Therefore, developing children’s speech also involves cultivating their linguistic abilities.

In contrast, Al-Biruni stated that:“…In such a language, a number of foreign words appear which are understood by few and disliked because of their obscurity.” He believed people often reject what they do not understand.

Analysis and Results

To assess students’ speech culture, 31 third-grade students participated in a test. Based on their responses: • 22 students achieved excellent results; • 6 students performed satisfactorily; • 3 students showed unsatisfactory results.

While the results were relatively positive, there is room for improvement. To enhance outcomes, it is recommended to: • Organize more cultural events on speech culture; • Conduct stage performances; • Use various methods and technologies in class.

Conclusion

At the primary education level, shaping students’ speech culture is crucial for developing their thinking, communication, and social skills. Research shows that during this stage, students can effectively learn to: Speak clearly and fluently; Express thoughts logically; Engage appropriately with listeners.

The article analyzed the content, significance, and methodology of teaching speech culture step by step. Interactive methods, dialogic and monologic exercises, and the use of multimodal texts were found to be effective in developing expressive, cultured, and purposeful speech in students.

It was also emphasized that teaching methods should match students’ age and psychological characteristics, and oral and written speech should be developed in harmony.

References

1. Sh.Sh. Nizomova. Theory and Technology of Developing Children’s Speech. Bukhara: Science and Education, 2022. p. 36. 

2. M.U. Abdulkhayeva. Scholarly Views on Language and Speech, 2022. 

3. Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan: “On the further development of the Uzbek language and improvement of language policy”, October 20, 2020. 

4. Alisher Navoi. “Mahbub ul-qulub”, 1998. p. 94. 5. https://arxiv.uz 6. https://ilmiybaza.uz

when our brain shuts down

There are no apparent limits

to science if vintage photos

of naked beachgoers can

change the way we think

about near-death experiences.

Postmodern Polka

(A Tom Beckett Title)

At first glance oxymoronic, yet there is an overlap.

Both parts autobiographical. The teenaged bassist, classically trained but now playing pizzicato, filling in at the local Polish Association’s New Year’s Ball — 57 varieties of potato salad, & just as many polkas — wearing an occasion-obligatory tuxedo borrowed from his father, one pants leg folded up a little bit because his father was lame, had one leg shorter than the other. That was one uncomfortable memory; another that the other three members of the quartet each received twice as much as this fill-in bassist, a fact revealed inadvertently when the organizer asked the band to play for a longer time, &, in offering an additional inducement, admitted what he had already paid.

The postmodern part comes a few years later, when the musician, now tired of carrying his bass around balanced on his shoulder because most taxis in the city were too compact to contain it, discovered he had a small ability with words.

inquiry

to 

see where

the antecedents lie

404 error

I go looking for the

early prognostications

by Bruce Sterling on

the potential rise &

rise of link rot. He was

probably correct, but it’s

impossible to be certain —

many of his given links

have rotted away.

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A Love Supreme

My dreams — when

I remember them — are 

invariably in black 

& white, but I com-

pensate with a John

Coltrane soundtrack.

(Eastern European young woman in her 30s/40s with long thick curly black hair, a black and white checkered top and small pendant necklace).

Two rival feelings – reunion and longing 

The feeling of longing is a stronger feeling than reunion, 

Although the burden is heavy, it is experienced by love, love. 

Perhaps their eyes remain on the roads for a lifetime, 

Unfortunate fate rules, I wonder why, why? 

That small photo between the book 

Secretly – secretly watching, the happiest moment of life. 

What is stolen from longing should definitely be considered true, 

The shades of a smile floating in the flood of emotions. 

The life of reunion does not matter 

whether it is long or short, 

The moment it ends, its previous sweetness disappears. 

The farewell of longing ends, does not cause pain, 

Erases the sorrow that is buried, 

the sadness in the heart.

Elmaya Jabbarova was born in Azerbaijan. She is poet, writer, translator. Her poems from 2019 to date were published in the regional and foreign newspapers, magazine’s, books, Web. pages, Anthologies. She has been awarded many certificates diplomas, medals. She is Department manager of Hekari newspaper of Azerbaijan. She is a honorary member of the Writers of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. World Association of People’s Creators, Honorary member of the International Academy of Literature, Art, Culture and Social Sciences of Uzbekistan. She is an Academic. Appointed Coordinator, Secretary General of Azerbaijan, Argentina. She is presented in the book Famous Personalities MultiArt – 5, Argentina. She was a member World Poetic Fraternity. She was awarded the title of Global Poet of 2023; 2024. She was awarded the title of World Poet Laureate from Azerbaijan as one of 55 poets selected by Pentasi B Friendship Poetry for 2025.