It starts from Astana… Our country is free and free, A beauty beyond description. Water, gas, and electricity, A truly priceless wealth! Saving and preserving them, Starts from childhood. Our love for everyone, Starts from Astana. We learned to preserve our wealth, From our grandfathers. We learned freedom and purity, From our grandmothers. We are the future of the country, We will justify your trust. For a happy future, We will preserve our wealth!
Farzona Hoshimova Fergana region Margilan city 8th grade student of the Erkin Vohidov creative school
The cute little owl, silent, strong fluffy ball; captures and charms; brings smiles and joy to all.
With wide open, starry eyes in silence, watches deep dark night’s stillness, for guidance.
With tiny little wings, it glides through the night; the magical dance of elegance, in delight. Soars high in the vast blue sky, to seven continents and seven seas, he flies;
Stays awake, when the whole world sleeps and dreams. Listens to the secret whispers of the night. Sees beyond the veil of darkness, as in daytime, Heart full of wisdom, hidden truths come to light. Sees in the dark, the reality of life.
A World full of hunger, greed, corruption and disease; grieving animals and humans in need. Inside their hearts they all bleed; suffer in pain; for changing conditions, by humans for greed, and selfish reasons to gain.
Nature’s philosopher, contemplates with patience.
His watchful eyes, guard while you sleep. Loyal and wise, always there to support and guide; to surf through life’s dark moments and plight. Teaches us, even in darkness, there is always light. Inspires to see beyond darkness, and find our own light. Enlightens with spiritual insight and connects with the divine. He is a true friend to see you through the darkest nights.
Be the owl, fearless to soar in the darkness; Be an owl, find your hidden strength to harness. Be Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune, wealth, and prosperity. Be Athena, the virgin goddess of sagacity, luck and good fortune, in solidarity.
Be the protector of humans and nature all around, with owl’s silent determination, profound. Show your strength, that lies within yourself. With the power of perseverance, rise silently and powerfully.
Protect humanity!
The Ever-changing Hues of Life
Misty silence and dewy dreams unfulfilled desires, echo in our hearts. Time marches ahead in days and nights. Measured in different space, Seconds, minutes, days, months and years, They race. The ever changing colours of our lives Grassy greens of summer, Sparkling bright spring flowers amaze. The vast blue canvas of sky changes its shades from blue violet to indigo embrace. Soon brown, dusty fallen leaves and life fades. Summer, winter, rain and spring breeze afresh Blows with calm, gentle grace Essence of life, we love and we breathe again.
Tasneem Hossain, a multi-lingual poet, author, educator, translator and columnist from Bangladesh has left an undeniable mark on the literary world. Tasneem’s works have transcended geographical boundaries, reaching readers from diverse cultures and backgrounds. She has immersed herself in the timeless essence of literary creations. She looks at things with microscopic eyes and finds beauty everywhere. This gifted poet, educator and trainer weaves poetry with an intricate tapestry of words. Her poems are music to the heart and speech of the soul that express different aspects of life, evoking emotions from sadness to happiness.
At the same time, her op-eds and columns create awareness about social and human rights issues- including domestic abuse, war and peace. Her writings are a powerful call to humanity to stand against injustice and war. As an op-ed writer, she has written more than 155 articles. Publications: The Pearl Necklace, Floating Feathers and Grass in Green (poetry) and Split and Splice (selected articles). As an op-ed writer, she has written 165 articles. Winner of The International Literary Association Creative Tribune, Walt Whitman 2025 Contest, her poems have been translated in 14 languages and recognized as World’s Contemporary Writers 2024 in several anthologies. She conducts international haiku workshops.
She is an Editorial Ambassador, Bangladesh for the popular international literary magazine, Wordsmith International Editorial, USA and Board Ambassador of Literacy and Culture of the Asih Sasami Indonesia Foundation, Indonesia (2025-2030). Several of her articles and poems are utilized as teaching material in universities and academies in Bangladesh and China; some have been referenced in university research papers. She served as a faculty member of English department in Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology. Currently, she is the director of two prominent human resource development organisations: Continuing Education Centre (Bangladesh), and Cansaz Services and Distribution LLC (Canada). She is a professional trainer with 28 years of experience. She believes in literature as a driving force for awareness and change and also for inspiring writers, readers and change makers.
Keywords: Arabic language, language learning, language acquisition, learning methods, Arabic script.
Abstract: Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with over 400 million speakers. However, its unique script, grammar, and pronunciation often pose challenges for learners. This article discusses practical and accessible methods for mastering Arabic, focusing on the importance of consistent practice, cultural immersion, modern technology, and conversational engagement. The article also highlights the role of online resources and structured learning techniques to accelerate language acquisition.
Introduction:
Arabic, a Semitic language spoken across the Middle East and North Africa, is the official language of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations. It is a language of rich cultural significance, historical depth, and modern importance. Learning Arabic offers various personal, academic, and professional advantages. However, many learners find it difficult due to its complex script, unique phonetics, and distinct grammatical structures. This article provides a comprehensive overview of effective and easy methods to learn Arabic, from foundational steps in mastering the script to advanced techniques involving cultural immersion and technological tools.
I. Mastering the arabic script and pronunciation:
The Arabic script is one of the primary challenges for beginners. Unlike most languages, Arabic is written from right to left, and its letters change shape depending on their position in a word. It is crucial to begin by mastering the Arabic alphabet and understanding the differences between print and cursive writing. Learners should also familiarize themselves with the diacritical marks that affect pronunciation, especially short vowels.
To facilitate learning the Arabic script, interactive apps like Duolingo, Memrise, and Busuu can be helpful. These platforms offer gamified lessons that allow learners to practice reading and writing through repetition, progressively mastering each letter.
Pronunciation in Arabic can be difficult due to the presence of several unique sounds not found in many other languages, such as the deep “ع” (ʿAyn) or the throaty “خ” (khaa). Listening to native speakers and practicing pronunciation through podcasts, YouTube videos, and audio lessons is essential for familiarizing oneself with these sounds. Online resources, such as ArabicPod101 and YouTube channels that focus on Arabic phonetics, can provide useful material for hearing proper pronunciation and mimicking it.
II. Leveraging modern technology and online resources:
The digital age has made learning Arabic easier and more accessible than ever. A variety of online platforms, mobile apps, and websites offer structured lessons and exercises designed to enhance language skills. These tools focus on different aspects of language learning, including grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and reading comprehension.
Platforms like Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, and Babbel are excellent choices for learners at different levels. They provide interactive exercises and progress tracking, allowing learners to study at their own pace. These apps often incorporate a mix of lessons in vocabulary, grammar, and speaking practice.
Additionally, Arabic-language websites and platforms like Al Jazeera, BBC Arabic, and MBC provide free content for immersive language learning. Watching news reports, TV shows, or listening to podcasts in Arabic can help learners improve listening comprehension, as well as expose them to various regional dialects.
For more structured learning, ArabicPod101 and LingQ are excellent options for intermediate learners, providing targeted lessons in grammar, vocabulary, and listening comprehension. Combining these resources with real-world exposure to the language accelerates the learning process.
III. The role of cultural immersion in language learning:
Cultural immersion is one of the most effective ways to learn Arabic. Experiencing the language in its natural environment enables learners to understand colloquial expressions, regional accents, and the cultural nuances embedded in everyday conversations.
For those unable to travel to an Arabic-speaking country, local Arabic-speaking communities and cultural events provide an excellent alternative for language immersion. Participating in a language exchange program, attending local cultural events, or joining Arabic-speaking groups can create opportunities to practice real-life conversations. Apps like Tandem or HelloTalk connect language learners with native speakers for voice and text chat, providing a platform for practicing conversational Arabic.
Spending time in Arabic-speaking countries, such as Egypt, Jordan, or the UAE, allows learners to immerse themselves fully in the language. Engaging in daily activities, such as shopping, eating out, and conversing with locals, helps improve fluency while gaining insight into the cultural context of the language.
IV. Consistency and structured learning:
One of the key components to mastering Arabic is consistency. Language learning is a gradual process that requires steady practice and patience. Setting daily, achievable goals, such as learning five new words or phrases each day, can help maintain momentum.
To ensure steady progress, learners should develop a structured study plan. A typical learning routine could include:
Vocabulary practice: Focus on essential words and phrases used in daily conversations.
Grammar study: Understand basic sentence structure, verb conjugations, and the use of tenses.
Pronunciation practice: Regularly practice pronunciation using resources like audio lessons and native speakers.
Listening comprehension: Watch Arabic movies, news reports, and TV shows to improve understanding of spoken Arabic.
Tools such as Anki (a flashcard app) and Quizlet allow learners to create personalized study decks for vocabulary and grammar revision. These tools use spaced repetition, a proven method for memorizing information more effectively.
V. Overcoming common challenges in learning arabic:
While learning Arabic can be difficult, many challenges can be overcome with the right approach and mindset. One common issue is the difficulty in distinguishing between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and the various regional dialects (e.g., Egyptian Arabic, Levantine Arabic, Gulf Arabic). For beginners, it is essential to focus on MSA, as it is the formal written language used in media, literature, and education. Once a solid foundation in MSA is established, learners can begin to explore regional dialects based on their interests and travel goals.
Another challenge is the complexity of Arabic grammar, particularly the verb system. However, with consistent practice, learners can familiarize themselves with grammatical rules and gain confidence in constructing sentences. The key is not to rush but to master each level before moving on to the next.
Conclusion:
Mastering Arabic is a challenging yet highly rewarding endeavor that demands dedication, patience, and a strategic approach. Unlike some languages, Arabic has a unique script, grammar, and structure, making it a rich linguistic landscape that requires consistent effort. Success in learning Arabic involves a combination of traditional learning methods, such as textbooks, formal lessons, and classroom interaction, along with the integration of modern technology. The use of apps, online courses, and digital resources enhances the learning process, offering greater flexibility and accessibility for a wide range of learners.
Cultural immersion plays a crucial role in understanding the intricacies of Arabic. By engaging with native speakers, watching Arabic media, and participating in cultural activities, learners can bridge the gap between theory and practice. This exposure allows for a deeper appreciation of the language in its natural context, helping learners internalize not just vocabulary but also cultural nuances, idiomatic expressions, and social customs.
In addition, consistent practice is key to retaining knowledge and improving fluency. Whether through speaking, writing, listening, or reading, daily or regular interaction with the language strengthens retention and builds confidence. The gradual process of mastering the language means that learners should set realistic goals and measure progress incrementally, which fosters motivation and reduces frustration.
Arabic serves as a gateway to understanding the rich culture, complex history, and evolving politics of the Arab world. It opens up numerous opportunities for personal, academic, and professional growth. Fluency in Arabic is highly valued in many fields, including diplomacy, international relations, business, translation, and academia. Moreover, the ability to communicate in Arabic strengthens global perspectives and promotes cross-cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.
By strategically utilizing digital tools, participating in cultural exchanges, and following a structured study plan, anyone can achieve proficiency in Arabic. Ultimately, the effort invested in learning this beautiful and multifaceted language not only enhances cognitive abilities but also fosters personal growth, making it a valuable skill in both professional and personal contexts. With dedication, perseverance, and the right approach, Arabic can become an immensely rewarding language to master.
References:
Alhassan Ibrahim. Learning Arabic: A Guide for Beginners. 2nd ed., ─London: Routledge, 2019.
Fadel Amal. Arabic Grammar for Beginners. ─Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
Taha Ahmad. Language Learning Through Cultural Immersion. Journal of Language Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 2018, pp. 45-60.
Zahran Mohamed. Modern Arabic: A Practical Approach. ─Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Younis Khalid. Effective Language Acquisition Strategies: Mastering Arabic in the Digital Age. Language Learning Review, vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 103-118.
Duolingo. Arabic Language Learning: Strategies and Tools. Duolingo Blog, 2021, www.duolingo.com. Accessed 20 Jan. 2025.
Rosetta Stone. The Best Ways to Learn Arabic: A Digital Approach. ─Virginia: Rosetta Stone, 2020, www.rosettastone.com. Accessed 15 Jan. 2025.
Sultonova Durdona Tursunboy qizi, 2nd-year Master’s Student, Uzbek Language and Literature, Namangan State Pedagogical Institute
ANNOTATION
This article examines the psycholinguistic foundations of developing linguistic competence in language education from scientific and theoretical perspectives. It analyzes the phonetic-phonological, lexical-semantic, grammatical, pragmatic, and discursive components of linguistic competence and highlights the role of psycholinguistic mechanisms—such as auditory perception, memory, attention, and associative thinking—in their development. The motivational, planning, articulatory, and perceptual stages of speech activity are explained in relation to their influence on the learning process. The psycholinguistic bases of communicative, cognitive, and interactive approaches are also presented, emphasizing their significance in facilitating natural language acquisition. The findings hold practical value for language teachers, methodologists, and researchers in linguistics.
Keywords: linguistic competence, psycholinguistics, speech activity, cognitive processes, communicative approach, language education.
ABSTRACT
This article explores the psycholinguistic foundations of developing linguistic competence in language education. It provides an analysis of the phonetic-phonological, lexical-semantic, grammatical, pragmatic, and discursive components of linguistic competence and explains the role played by psycholinguistic mechanisms such as auditory perception, memory, attention, and associative thinking in their formation. The stages of speech activity—motivational, planning, articulatory, and perceptual—are examined regarding their influence on language learning processes. The psycholinguistic basis of communicative, cognitive, and interactive approaches is discussed, with emphasis on their importance in activating natural language acquisition mechanisms. The results demonstrate the practical benefits of integrating psycholinguistic principles into language teaching and can serve as a valuable resource for teachers, methodologists, and scholars in linguistics and psycholinguistics.
Introduction
In modern language education, expanding learners’ communicative abilities and developing their skills in consciously and purposefully using linguistic means are among the key tasks. This goal is achieved through the development of linguistic competence, which encompasses knowledge of the language system and the mechanisms of its use in speech. The effectiveness of this process is closely linked to psycholinguistic principles, namely the relationship between language and thinking, the mechanisms underlying speech activity, and the psychological processes involved in language learning. Therefore, examining the development of linguistic competence from a psycholinguistic perspective and defining its theoretical and practical foundations is of significant scholarly and practical importance.
The Concept of Linguistic Competence and Its Components
Linguistic competence refers to the conscious acquisition of the language system, the functions of linguistic units, their rules of use, and structural organization. It includes several components:
1. Phonetic-Phonological Competence – understanding the sound system, phonemes, their distinctive features, and achieving correct pronunciation.
2. Lexical-Semantic Competence – knowing word meanings, understanding semantic relations, and choosing appropriate vocabulary in context.
3. Grammatical Competence – mastering morphological and syntactic rules and correctly applying grammatical forms in speech.
4. Pragmatic Competence – selecting appropriate linguistic means based on the communicative situation and socio-cultural norms.
5. Discursive Competence – ensuring logical coherence, unity of text, proper use of cohesive devices, and applying relevant speech strategies.
Psycholinguistics clarifies how these components are formed, how linguistic knowledge is stored in the mind, and how it becomes activated during speech.
Psycholinguistic Foundations of Linguistic Competence
1. The Relationship Between Language and Thinking
Psycholinguistics views language as the main tool of human cognition and the organizational mechanism of cognitive processes. The development of linguistic competence is greatly influenced by learners’ mental abilities such as classification, generalization, and abstract thinking, as language acquisition occurs through cognitive processes. According to Vygotsky, language operates through the interaction of inner and outer speech, and linguistic competence is strengthened through the development of inner speech. Activating learners’ thinking processes during instruction promotes deeper mastery of linguistic knowledge.
2. The Structure of Speech Activity
Psycholinguistics studies speech activity through the following stages:
Motivational stage – forming the intention to speak.
Planning stage – selecting linguistic units and constructing grammatical structures.
Articulatory stage – producing speech.
Perceptual stage – receiving and processing auditory input.
Linguistic competence develops through the coordinated functioning of these stages. Teaching methods must support each stage of speech activity.
3. Formation of Speech Mechanisms
Several psychological mechanisms participate in language acquisition:
Memory – retaining words and grammatical patterns.
Attention – selecting relevant linguistic units during speech.
Associative thinking – strengthening links between words and concepts.
The more developed these mechanisms are, the faster learners acquire linguistic competence. Therefore, a psycholinguistic approach emphasizes understanding individual learning styles and psychological characteristics.
The Importance of Psycholinguistic Approaches in Language Education
1. Psycholinguistic Basis of the Communicative Approach
The communicative method treats speech as a natural process and focuses on developing the learner as an active participant. Drawing on psycholinguistic theory, it:
creates real communicative situations,
stimulates natural communicative needs,
facilitates the automatization of linguistic knowledge.
As a result, learners use grammatical patterns automatically during speech rather than merely memorizing them.
2. Cognitive Approach
The cognitive approach emphasizes conscious language learning. Learners:
become aware of linguistic rules,
analyze and generalize them,
develop logical understanding of language structure.
Activating cognitive processes strengthens grammatical and semantic components of linguistic competence.
3. Interactive Approach
Interactive methods (dialogues, role plays, debates) psycholinguistically activate speech reflexes. Psycholinguistic research confirms that speech develops more effectively in interactive contexts. Furthermore, emotional engagement, motivation, and communication needs intensify in interactive environments, accelerating the development of speech activity.
Psycholinguistic Methods Used to Develop Linguistic Competence
Psycholinguistics suggests employing several methodological tools:
1. Auditory–perceptual exercises:
sound discrimination,
mastering intonation,
forming phonetic stereotypes,
which contribute to developing phonetic competence.
2. Memory-based exercises:
categorizing vocabulary,
using associative cards,
creating semantic maps,
which strengthen lexical-semantic competence.
3. Exercises for automatizing grammatical structures:
transformation drills,
modeling,
sentence reconstruction,
which develop the psychomotor mechanisms required for grammatical competence.
4. Dialogue and monologue practice:
Psycholinguistically, forming and refining ideas through consecutive expression fosters rapid development of the speech system; thus, communicative practice is key to developing discursive and pragmatic competence.
Conclusion
Developing linguistic competence in language education must be based on psycholinguistic principles, as language acquisition depends not only on linguistic knowledge but also on psychological processes such as auditory perception, memory, attention, thinking, and motivation. The development of grammatical, phonetic, lexical, and pragmatic components of linguistic competence is closely tied to the proper functioning of psycholinguistic mechanisms. The use of communicative, cognitive, and interactive approaches enhances speech activity and promotes natural formation of speech mechanisms. Therefore, integrating psycholinguistics with language education enriches teaching methodology with modern scientific foundations and contributes to the robust development of learners’ linguistic competence.
References
1. Vygotsky, L. S. Thinking and Speech. Moscow: Labirint, 2001.
2. Chomsky, N. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Moscow: Aspect Press, 2019.
3. Leontiev, A. A. Psycholinguistics. Moscow: Smysl, 2003.
4. Akhmanova, O. S. Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. Moscow: KomKniga, 2007.
5. Khomidov A., Abdulkhayev A. Theoretical Linguistics. Tashkent: Fan, 2015.
6. Yo‘ldosheva Sh., Mengliev B. Basics of Psycholinguistics. Tashkent: TDPU Publishing, 2020.
7. Richards, J., Rodgers, T. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP, 2014.
Sultonova Durdona Tursunboy qizi was born on June 16, 2000, in Chust district of Namangan region. She completed her studies at Secondary School No. 54 in her district, after which she graduated from the Academic Lyceum under Namangan State University. She then continued her education at Fergana State University in the field of Philology and Language Teaching (Uzbek language).
Currently, she is a second-year Master’s student at the Namangan State Pedagogical Institute. She is diligently working on improving her professional skills with the aim of becoming a highly qualified specialist in her field. Her ultimate goal is to share the knowledge she has gained with future generations.
Social media was originally created to connect people, share ideas, and unite the world. However, today it has become a powerful platform that significantly affects human psychology. Every day, millions of people showcase the most beautiful moments of their lives online, while others compare these “perfect” scenes to their own lives, quietly feeling inadequate.
According to global statistics, there are 5.24 billion social media users, who spend an average of 2 hours and 21 minutes per day on these platforms. Over the course of a year, this amounts to almost 34 days—essentially dedicating a month of life to virtual existence. The most concerning part is that a large portion of this time often pulls people into a spiral of self-doubt, envy, and loneliness.
In recent years, these negative consequences have become evident through numerous real-life examples. For instance, the famous blogger Anastasiya Tropitsel frequently showcased a luxurious lifestyle, travel, and expensive cars, attracting admiration from millions of young followers. Yet in 2020, she tragically passed away in Bali. Later reports revealed that Anastasiya had long struggled with depression but concealed her struggles to maintain the “happy persona” online. This tragedy exposed the psychological pain hidden behind the virtual life.
At its core, this problem stems from natural human needs—the desire for recognition, attention, and validation. Social media amplifies this feeling, turning it into a system measured by “likes.” People begin to evaluate themselves by numbers: more views, more comments, more followers—almost as if their value depends solely on these metrics. Consequently, genuine emotions, sincerity, and inner peace diminish, replaced by artificial standards of life.
The solution begins with changing one’s mindset. First, it is crucial to develop a culture of healthy boundaries with social media. This does not mean abandoning it entirely, but using it purposefully and in moderation. Everyone should learn to compare themselves not to others online, but to their past selves. Additionally, educational institutions should introduce lessons on digital literacy and information awareness, while promoting mental well-being and self-esteem among young people.
Social media connects us to the world, but it often distances us from ourselves. We live amidst hundreds of photos, videos, and “perfect” lives every day, yet the most important thing—inner peace—seems increasingly lost. I have realized that true happiness does not lie in “likes,” but in sincere conversations, genuine emotions, and moments spent with loved ones.
Life is given to be lived, not to be shown. Therefore, we should focus less on the fake brilliance behind screens and more on our real lives. Only then can a person preserve their true self, and only then does life truly gain meaning.
NARZULLOYEVA MUNISA BAKHROMOVNA was born on August 13th, 2006, in Surxandarya region, Sariasia district of the Republic of Uzbekistan. She is currently studying in her second year at the Faculty of Journalism. She has accomplished a lot of achievements. For instance: her articles were published in Germany’s “Raven Cage” and Kenya’s “Mt. Kenya Times” international magazines. Additionally, her articles were published twice on the official website of “Synchronized Chaos” and have been indexed on Google. Also, she is a member of the “All India Council of Technical Skill Development” and a member of “Global Education Ambassador”.
Abstract This article analyzes the main methods of developing writing skills in English. Written speech is one of the key elements in language learning and includes grammar, style, coherence, and clarity of expression. The article provides several recommendations for improving writing skills. These recommendations, presented with an analytical approach, may be useful for learners, students, language enthusiasts, and teachers.
Keywords: written speech, English language, writing skills, grammar, practical writing, editing, knowledge enhancement, basic methods.
Introduction Nowadays, as the ability to communicate fluently in English becomes increasingly important, so does the ability to express oneself correctly and clearly in written form. Writing skills have become an essential need for students, researchers, learners, educators, writers, businesspeople, or anyone who interacts with foreign countries. Below are the most effective recommendations to help improve writing proficiency in English. We know that the first step in writing in any language is mastering grammar, spelling, and punctuation in depth. Every sentence structure is based on this knowledge. In addition, in order to perform writing skills professionally, regular practice is essential. Writing short texts or stories every day, keeping a diary, or writing notes can be a great help.
Reading plays an important role in developing writing skills. A person who reads a lot absorbs writing styles and expressions and develops the ability to distinguish well-written texts. Therefore, to improve writing skills in English, we should read books, various articles, and short stories regularly.
Writing is extremely important in English language teaching. According to [4] McLaughlin, writing is a complex task where learners need to construct interrelated small tasks. On the other hand, in a comprehensive language approach, writing is not based solely on rules but on meaning-making, purpose, and audience. For students and professionals learning English as a second language, writing is one of the most important skills. It is complex because it requires one to reflect their inner world. When writing in English, one must automatically apply the natural grammar of the language. Achieving such a level of proficiency is only possible after being exposed to thousands of well-written sentences. Reading enables the natural acquisition of grammar concepts. As mentioned earlier, the more you read in English—books and articles—the more noticeable your improvement in writing will be. Reading is one of the most effective methods for improving writing skills not only in English but in any language.
In today’s world, most communication is done electronically. However, many exams are still conducted through handwritten responses. That is, as the French writer [6] Voltaire once said, writing is done through “drawing sounds.”
Indeed, effective communication in writing is very important to achieve success in academic domain. Conveying ideas and providing research effectively to readers with clear and coherent writing is vital. One of the most essential skills for a writer is to make writing coherent. Coherent writing aids readers to comprehend complicated ideas and arguments, and eases the construction of rigorous and nuanced discussions, that`s why generating is both persuasive and affecting writing is vital to achieve success in academic writing. However, many struggle in terms of coherence in their writing. Writing they produce suffers from obscure bond among concepts, disorganization, and insufficiency in paragraphs. Readers can get confusion and frustration for these problems and writers find it challenging to express their conception effectively and they potentially decrease the productiveness of their work. However, there are certain ways to be used to settle these problems. This article provides certain techniques to help writers to create writing that is comprehensible and compelling after looking into the research that has been done into it. [8] The following are the advantages of developing writing skills in English:[7]
-systematically learning the grammatical structure of English;
-enabling students to express ideas in written form in English;
-choosing appropriate words for different contexts;
-ensuring language learners work independently;
-enabling students to write letters and essays;
-allowing students to draw conclusions;
-enabling students to write stories;
-encouraging effective use of vocabulary;
-enabling students to make necessary changes to a given text.
It is no secret that nowadays young people are less engaged in writing because they have smartphones and other electronic devices connected to the internet, which provide ready-made texts and instant answers. They tend to spend their valuable time searching for what others have written instead of developing their own writing skills. It is clear that learners with strong writing skills are more successful in expressing their ideas independently and achieving their goals than others. Students and language learners often face difficulties in writing, which stem from various problems. To improve writing skills, they need to learn the following four recommendations:
1. Knowing how to write letters correctly;
2. Writing letter combinations correctly;
3. Writing words without spelling errors and knowing their meanings;
4. Forming sentences using a “mathematical approach.”
By applying these recommendations in practice, our writing skills can significantly improve. We know that many students are currently preparing for international certificates like IELTS, spending months or even years to achieve this goal. Most of them struggle in the writing section of the IELTS exam and face challenges in finding solutions to these problems during their studies. Below are some common problems in the writing section and their solutions:
1. Not fully understanding the task (Task Response):
Many students do not read the question carefully and go off-topic. Especially in Task 2 (essay), they fail to respond directly to the question and lower their overall score. They must read the question attentively, identify keywords, and provide a clear and focused response.
2. Lack of ideas and supporting details (Ideas & Support): Many students state their opinion but do not develop it with examples and explanations. The solution is to support each main idea with at least one explanation and one example, asking themselves “Why?” and “How?” while writing.
3. Paragraph structure issues (Coherence and Cohesion):
When ideas are jumbled and there is no order in the paragraph, it becomes unclear to the reader. Each paragraph should have one main idea. Linking words (e.g., for example, however, in contrast…) should be used appropriately and not excessively.
4. Lexical errors (Lexical Resource):
Simple and repetitive words are often used, such as “good,” “bad,” “big,” “a lot of.” Students should use synonyms, but only if they are sure of the meaning and if the words fit the context.
5. Grammatical errors (Grammatical Range and Accuracy):
Tenses, complex sentence structures, passive voice, and conditionals are either used infrequently or incorrectly. The solution is to practice a variety of grammatical structures and analyze each writing task after completion.
6. The most painful issue in writing for students is time management. Students often mismanage time between Task 1 and Task 2, and especially lack time for Task 2. A writing plan should be prepared beforehand to save time. Task 1 — 20 minutes, Task 2 — 40 minutes.
Conclusion To conclude, always pay attention to spelling when writing. Keep practicing, because otherwise it will be difficult to remember the correct spelling of every word. Developing writing skills in English is not a skill that can be mastered in a day or a week. It requires continuous learning, self-discipline, constant effort, clarity in expressing thoughts, and most importantly, a love for writing. The recommendations listed above serve as a guide. The identified problems and their solutions will help strengthen English writing skills even further.
REFERENCES
[1]. Harmer, J. (2004). How to Teach Writing. Pearson Education Limited.
[2]. Hedge, T. (2005). Writing. Oxford University Press.
[3]. Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Reading and Writing. Routledge.
[4]. McLaughlin, B. (1987). Theories of Second Language Learning. Edward Arnold.
[5]. Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (Eds.). (2002). Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice. Cambridge University Press.
[6]. Voltaire. (1752). Aphorisms and Selected Writings.
[7]. Muzaffarova N.M. (2023). Rapid Development of Students’ English Writing Skills, International Scientific Journal “Новости образования: исследование в XXI веке”, No. 9(100), Part 3, pp. 1344–1345.
[8].Eldor E. Rajabov. (2024) ‘The ways to produce coherent writing in
English’, Inter education & global study, (5), pp. 421-428. (In English).
1. Tell us about yourself. How did you begin writing poetry?
I am Muhammad Shamsul Huq Babu, born on January 1, 1972.
I am the Founder and President of the World Wide Writers Association, the Publisher of the International Publishing House, and the Founder President of the International Book Museum (IBM).
I also serve as an Advisor to The Daily Global Nation newspaper and as Chairman of Literature Housing and Business Management Ltd. Company.
I am a poet, writer, researcher, editor, and literary organizer. So far, I have published 40 solo books, and have edited and published over 200 anthologies both nationally and internationally.
My writings have appeared in numerous newspapers, journals, and magazines around the world, and have been translated into various languages by translators from different countries.
I began writing in 1986. In 1990, I started and edited my own wall magazine. During that time, my writings were regularly featured in different commemorative publications.
Thus began my literary journey – with love poems, marking my first steps into the world of literature.
2. What message do you wish to convey through your poetry?
Through my poems and writings, I wish to spread a message of world peace, awaken a love for nature, and uphold the values of humanity.
I try to inspire beauty, empathy, and harmony among people through my words.
3. Do you believe that the new generation still cares for literature?
Unfortunately, the new generation seems rather indifferent to literature.
They are heavily dependent on technology and are gradually moving away from the realm of literary appreciation and reading habits.
4. How do you feel when you see your poems published on international platforms?
It feels immensely gratifying. It gives me fresh inspiration to write more and strengthens my passion for literature.
I find joy in sharing thoughts and emotions with people from around the world through the universal language of poetry.
5. Could you share a phrase or philosophy that has changed your life?
I have never seen God,
but I have seen God in His creations-
in love, compassion, honesty, kindness, forgiveness, generosity, and cooperation.
Within every human being, there dwell two selves – one divine and one demonic.
“God and the devil both live within man.
I strive to chain the demonic self within me,
and to enlighten and awaken the divine self,
dedicating my soul to the pursuit of truth and beauty.”
6. What are your future projects?
My vision is to bring world literature closer to people and to preserve it for future generations.
I have undertaken several ambitious projects that will, I believe, leave a lasting mark in literary history –
To establish a writers’ resort in a natural environment, where poets can live, converse, and find inspiration.
To create a Book Museum with thousands of books, where readers can visit, read, and enrich their knowledge.
These initiatives aim to celebrate and sustain the timeless spirit of literature across cultures.
Biography
Muhammad Shamsul Huq Babu
Founder President – World Wide Writers Association
Publisher – International Publishing House
Founder President – International Book Museum (IBM)
Advisor – The Daily Global Nation
Chairman – Literature Housing and Business Management Ltd. Company
