stretches beyond my optimistic expectations, with a drab end at the setting of the grinning sun.
‘The day is over’ it says
Tomorrow is another day.
Another day of routine hopes
with its attendant drabness.
A routine of expectations of an entire lifetime in the dull-coloured decades of seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, as our strength endures until the sun finally sets.
Your reflection dwells in the eyes of the spiritual.
I seek You, O God —
tirelessly, in the silence of morning, in a drop of dew,
in the breath that awakens with the dawn.
I search for You
in the touch of the wind,
in the bird that sings unseen,
in thoughts that fall silent
while the heart speaks.
I know,
You are everywhere —
in the gaze of the beggar,
in the smile of the wise,
in the hush of the temple,
and in the clamor of life.
When I kneel,
it is not before the world,
but before Your eternal goodness.
When I weep,
I do not fear sorrow —
for I know You are in every tear.
To You, O God,
I offer this verse,
let it be a bridge
between my being
and Your eternity.
Maja Milojković was born in Zaječar and divides her life between Serbia and Denmark. In Serbia, she serves as the deputy editor-in-chief at the publishing house Sfairos in Belgrade. She is also the founder and vice president of the Rtanj and Mesečev Poets’ Circle, which counts 800 members, and the editor-in-chief of the international e-magazine Area Felix, a bilingual Serbian-English publication. She writes literary reviews, and as a poet, she is represented in numerous domestic and international literary magazines, anthologies, and electronic media. Some of her poems are also available on the YouTube platform.
Maja Milojković has won many international awards. She is an active member of various associations and organizations advocating for peace in the world, animal protection, and the fight against racism. She is the author of two books: Mesečev krug (Moon Circle) and Drveće Želje (Trees of Desire). She is one of the founders of the first mixed-gender club Area Felix from Zaječar, Serbia, and is currently a member of the same club. She is a member of the literary club Zlatno Pero from Knjaževac, and the association of writers and artists Gorski Vidici from Podgorica, Montenegro.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF LEARNING GERMAN THROUGH TRANSLATION APPROACHES
ANNOTATION
This article analyzes the educational significance of translation in teaching the German language. It demonstrates that translation methodology enhances vocabulary acquisition, facilitates adaptation to grammatical structures, and enables practical language use through contextual and interactive approaches. The article provides a detailed explanation of the role of translation in academic and everyday communication, the possibilities of using modern technologies, and pedagogical recommendations for effective implementation.
KEYWORDS
Foreign language, German language, translation, interactive methods, contextual approach, language learning, academic translation, linguistic competence, language teaching methodology.
INTRODUCTION
Learning foreign languages plays an important role in modern education. In particular, the German language is known for its complex grammatical structures, article system, verb forms, and rich vocabulary, which can create difficulties for learners. For this reason, translation methodology deserves special attention as an effective tool for teaching the German language. Translation is not merely the act of transferring a text from one language to another; it contributes to developing learners’ abilities to understand the language, identify context, and use it practically.
In recent years, interactive and contextual translation methods have been widely applied to motivate learners and deepen their knowledge. Furthermore, developing translation skills for both academic and everyday communication is essential for mastering German effectively.
The aim of this article is to identify the pedagogical role of translation in teaching German, analyze interactive and contextual methods, and propose effective ways of integrating them into the educational process.
MAIN PART
1. THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION METHODOLOGY IN EDUCATION
Translation is not only a tool for increasing vocabulary and reinforcing grammar; it also develops learners’ ability to understand and use the language in practical contexts. For students learning German, translation offers the following benefits:
Expanding vocabulary
Through translation, learners familiarize themselves with different meanings of words and remember collocations more effectively.
Strengthening grammatical structures
Understanding complex sentence structures and verb forms in German becomes easier through translation exercises.
Understanding cultural context
Translation helps learners become familiar with the cultural and communicative aspects of the language.
Studies show that when translation methodology is combined with interactive lessons, language-learning efficiency increases significantly. In addition, the practical application of translation enables learners to comprehend the language more quickly and accurately.
2. INTERACTIVE POSSIBILITIES IN GERMAN TRANSLATION
Interactive translation methods ensure active participation among learners:
Group translation work
Students read a text, discuss it in groups, and translate it collaboratively. This enhances communication skills.
Role-play activities
Learners engage in role plays and situational dialogues involving translation, which helps develop speaking and interaction skills.
Online tools and applications
Interactive exercises and online translation tools spark students’ interest and reinforce their knowledge.
For example, translating texts such as a restaurant menu or a travel guide helps students improve their everyday vocabulary. These methods enable learners to understand complex sentences and apply them in practice, while also increasing their motivation.
3. CONTEXTUAL APPROACH IN TRANSLATION
The contextual approach ensures the natural use of language during translation. For instance, the German word “Bank” may refer to a financial institution or a riverbank. Context-based translation offers the following advantages:
Understanding the language in its natural form
Reducing the number of errors
Developing cultural awareness related to the language
The contextual approach is also important in translating academic texts. When students translate scholarly articles, they develop terminological accuracy and gain a deeper understanding of the content.
4. USE IN ACADEMIC AND EVERYDAY COMMUNICATION
Translation is an important tool not only in academic contexts but also in everyday communication:
Students translate German academic articles into their native language and analyze them
During travel or international work, translation increases practical communication skills
Learners gain confidence and motivation in language use
For example, translating official or business documents in German helps develop professional language competence. Moreover, translation exercises encourage creative thinking, as learners must understand texts not only word-for-word but also by overall meaning and context.
5. MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND TRANSLATION TOOLS
To enhance the effectiveness of translation, the use of modern technologies is essential:
Online dictionaries and translation platforms (DeepL, Google Translate) provide learners with quick access to information
Mobile applications allow learners to practice anytime and anywhere
Interactive educational programs make translation exercises more engaging
These tools motivate students to learn independently and promote practical language use in contextual situations.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
Integrate translation exercises regularly into the teaching process
Make extensive use of interactive technologies and online resources
Train students in contextual analysis
Strengthen terminological knowledge by translating academic texts
Engage students in creative translation activities
CONCLUSION
The article demonstrates that translation methodology is an effective tool in teaching the German language. Through translation, learners reinforce vocabulary, grammar, practical language use, contextual thinking, and cultural awareness. Interactive approaches motivate students to actively engage in learning and improve communication skills through group activities and role plays.
Moreover, the use of modern technologies makes translation exercises more efficient and appealing. With the help of online dictionaries, translation platforms, and mobile applications, learners can strengthen their language skills in practical contexts. Translating academic texts enhances terminological accuracy and develops scientific thinking.
Future recommendations include:
Integrating translation exercises consistently into the curriculum
Expanding the use of interactive methods and technologies
Teaching students to conduct contextual analysis
Improving practical language skills by translating academic and everyday texts
Encouraging creative translation activities
Through these approaches, learning German becomes more effective, engaging, and practical, preparing learners for confident communication in a foreign language.
Nilufar Mo‘ydinova was born in Qo‘shtepa district, Fergana region, Republic of Uzbekistan. She is a graduate of the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages. She works as a manager at the “Fair Print” printing service. Her articles have been published in Bekajon, Kenya Times, The Diaspora Times Global, and Synch Chaos. She is a member of the International Writers’ Association of Argentina (Grupo de Trabajo de Escritores Internacionales – Argentina), a holder of international certificates, a Global Ambassador for Peace, and a participant in international anthologies and conferences. She is also a recipient of the “Ambassador of Friendship” honorary badge.
REFERENCES
Baker, M. (2018). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge.
Hatim, B., & Mason, I. (2014). The Translator as Communicator. Routledge.
Venuti, L. (2017). The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge.
Nord, C. (2005). Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis. Rodopi.
Newmark, P. (1998). A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall.
Koller, W. (2001). “The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies.” Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 14(2), 103–118.
Munday, J. (2016). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. Routledge.
Pym, A. (2010). Exploring Translation Theories. Routledge.
The life and work of Alexander Feinberg and the world’s recognition of him
Ubaydullayeva Saodat
First-year student, Faculty of English Philology,
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Annotation
An article about the life and work, achievements, and poems of A.Feinberg .People’s poet of Uzbekistan and Russian-language writer of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
A. Feinberg [1939-2009] was a great poet, writer, and master of literary translation who lived and worked in Uzbekistan. He was also recognized as “poet of the era,” meaning “poet of the epoch.” After graduating from Tashkent University, he studied in the correspondence department of the Faculty of Journalism of the Faculty of Philology and worked at a student newspaper. The name of A. Faynberg is still a symbol of interethnic literary friendship and cultural closeness.
Main parts
The famous Uzbek poet Alexander Arkadyevich Feinberg was born on November 2, 1939, in the city of Tashkent. His father, Arkady Lvovich Feinberg, was from Gatchina. Graduated from the Institute of Higher Education and Technology. His mother, Anastasia Alexandrovna, was born in Moscow. His parents worked as chief engineers and machinists at an alcohol plant. After school, Feinberg studied at the Tashkent Topography Technical School, then served in the military in Tajikistan. He wrote poetry in Russian and could read and understand both Uzbek and Navoi’s language – Chagatai.
Literary translation constitutes an important part of Feinberg’s work. He paid great attention and strived to convey the spirit of Uzbek poetry to Russian readers. In addition, he translated Navoi’s ghazals, poems and epics of Erkin Vahidov, Abdulla Aripov, Omon Matjon, Rauf Parfi, and others, excerpts from Fitrat’s works, and Abdulla Kahhar’s prose works into Russian. Erkin Vakhidov and Abdulla Aripov called him “one of the most refined translators in the Russian language.”Faynberg headed the seminar of young writers of Uzbekistan in Tashkent and worked as a consultant at the Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan. His poems were published in the magazines “Smena,””Yoshlik,””Yangi dunyo,””Yangi Volga, “as well as in periodicals of a number of foreign countries: Canada, the USA, Israel.
He is the author of fifteen poetry collections (published in Tashkent, Moscow, and St. Petersburg), including “Etude,” “Seconds,” “Poems,” “Distant Bridges,” “Short Wave,” and “Free Sonnets, “including a two-volume posthumously published work. His poems embodied a unique artistic world. He is considered a great personality who fully preserved his human essence in his time and was always ready to show mercy and support to others, not being indifferent to unpleasant events occurring in society.
His words are a vivid example of this:”Я видел мир глазами вечной дали”.”That is, “I saw the world through the eyes of eternity.” His work has captivated people’s hearts with its depth, philosophy, and charm.
Дождь ошалел. И не наступит утро
Мрат фары по дороге сталбовой
Ну хоть одна остановись попутка!
Из ночи забери меня с собой
It should be especially noted that films and animation projects were created using his poems and scripts. Based on A. A. Feinberg’s screenplay, films such as “My Brother,” “Under the Scorching Sun,” “Hardened in Kandahar,” “The Criminal and the Lawyers, “and others were filmed at the “Uzbekfilm” studio. Based on his screenplay, 4 feature films and about 20 cartoons were created. In 1999, in connection with the 20th anniversary of the death of the football team “Pakhtakor” in a car accident, the film “Stadium in the Sky” was shot based on Feinberg’s screenplay.
In 1999, he was awarded the title “Honored Cultural Worker of Uzbekistan,” and in 2004, Alexander Faynberg was awarded the honorary title “People’s Poet of Uzbekistan” for his contribution to the development of literature. Four years later, for his contribution to strengthening Russian culture and Uzbek-Russian literary ties, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation – the “Pushkin Medal.”
In order to perpetuate the poet’s memory, a monument to Faynberg was erected on the Alley of Writers. On the dates associated with his life, poetry evenings and events are held and widely celebrated annually. Also, G.V. Malikhina’s master’s dissertation “The Structure of Artistic Images and Thematic Dominants in A.A. Feinberg’s Lyrics” is devoted to the study of Feinberg’s work. In addition, a scholarship named after the talented translator and screenwriter A. Feinberg has been established.
Alexander Feinberg died on October 14, 2009. According to the information, he was buried in the Botkin Cemetery, and a monument was erected in his mausoleum. His name is forever etched not only on the pages of history, but also on the streets of Tashkent, in the centers of literature, in the hearts of our people with his free spirit, pure heart, and profound thoughts.
Conclusion
Indeed, A.A. Feinberg was considered a creator who was able to look at his time and era with an open eye, looked at the truth directly, and praised it in his works. To this day, it lives forever in the hearts not only of the Uzbek people, but also of the Russian people.
Karimova Navbaxar Mahmudjanovna Educator at the Specialized Preschool Educational Organization named Shirintoy, Preschool No. 9, Gurlan District, Khorezm Region
This article discusses the thinking capacity of young children and methods for expanding it. The concept of creativity, its meaning, and its application are explained. The article also covers the stages of creative thinking from early childhood to the school period, as well as the methods used to develop creative thinking skills in children.
Keywords: concept of creativity, creative characteristics, cooperation between teacher and students, elements of thinking, social criteria, encouraging thinking, engagement, emergence of creative ideas, primary education.
Introduction
When discussing the development of the education system in Uzbekistan and the training of specialists who meet international standards, it is important to educate students not only as well-rounded individuals who have mastered scientific knowledge, but also as creative thinkers who are ideologically strong and capable of becoming qualified professionals in their future careers.
The term creativity was first used in 1922 by the American scientist D. Simpson. Through this term, he described an individual’s ability to abandon conventional, stereotypical, and routine thinking. The word creativity comes from the Latin word create meaning “to create,” and creative meaning “a creator” or “innovator.”
Main Part
Creativity expresses a positive ability that characterizes an individual’s readiness to generate new ideas and serves as an independent component of talent. A person’s creativity is manifested in their thinking, communication, emotions, and specific types of activities. Creativity describes an individual as a whole or certain personal characteristics such as mental sharpness.
Below, we examine discussions and results. Cooperation between the teacher and students begins with the assistance provided by the teacher to learners. Gradually, this assistance becomes more active and transforms into learning actions. As a result, the teacher-student relationship evolves into a partnership. However, during this process, the teacher must be extremely careful, as they may unknowingly hinder the development of children’s creative thinking.
Analysis of materials shows that cooperation plays a crucial role in developing creativity in children. It is well known that the educational process is bilateral and consists of equal interaction between teachers and students. The teacher, as the leader of this process, is responsible for educational outcomes. However, this should not lead to the assumption that the educational process is entirely dominated by the teacher.
According to research results, the following aspects should be emphasized to develop creativity in children:
Encouraging children to ask many questions and supporting this habit;
Promoting children’s independence and strengthening their sense of responsibility;
Creating opportunities for independent activities;
Paying attention to children’s interests.
Primary education is one of the most influential stages in a child’s life, leaving a deep impact. At this stage, great responsibility is placed on teachers. The methodology for developing creative abilities in primary school students still requires special research.
As the First President I.A. Karimov emphasized: “Preschool education ensures the healthy and comprehensive development of a child, awakens an interest in learning, and prepares them for systematic education. Preschool education is carried out in state and non-state preschool institutions and families until the child reaches the age of six or seven. Mahallas, public and charitable organizations, and international foundations actively participate in achieving the goals and objectives of preschool education.”
Today, forming an independent and free-thinking individual is a requirement of the time. Educators have the opportunity to nurture individuals who understand their own dignity, are strong-willed, and have firm beliefs. The standard of society lies in shaping people with high moral values.
When a child begins to think, thinking elements emerge as soon as they learn to recognize someone or something. The child compares new information with what they already know and determines similarities and differences. At around eight months old, a child begins to understand speech, initially paying attention to intonation and facial expressions. Soon, they start understanding the general meaning of speech through changes in tone.
Special exercises play an important role. An object (for example, a clock) is shown repeatedly while naming it. From this stage, adults begin teaching creativity to children and understand the importance of playing together. This is one of the most important criteria.
It is necessary to develop children’s intellectual abilities and potential for their future. There is also the concept of creative thinking. By developing creative thinking, children learn to analyze information from different perspectives and discover new ideas. They also develop the ability to generate various ideas to solve ambiguous problems and predict the outcomes of situations and events.
Creative thinking is manifested in the following characteristics:
Thinking speed – the ability to generate many ideas in a short period of time;
Flexibility of thinking – the ability to generalize creatively;
Originality of ideas – the ability to apply unique ideas in real-life situations;
Elaborative thinking – the ability to refine and expand ideas.
In today’s era of globalization and rapid information flow, teaching children to obtain correct information and protecting them from information threats has become an urgent issue. The Ministry of Preschool Education has adopted the “First Step” State Program, which provides a framework for teaching children and enhancing their creativity. Development centers have been established where children can receive education in centers of their own choice.
Conclusion
Reforms in the education process create opportunities to develop and improve children’s creativity. Such opportunities help increase children’s creative abilities, encourage correct perception of information, and motivate appropriate responses. Based on observation and analysis, it can be concluded that developing students’ creative thinking is a requirement of the time, and primary school teachers play a significant role in this process.
References
Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. International Conference on Advance Research in Humanities, Sciences and Education.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2022). Features of Communication Between Children and Parents in Family Relationships. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 6, 39–43.
Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships, 115–121.
Mamurjonovna, N. D. (2022). Psychological Service and Its Role in Family Relationships.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family. Psychological Health of the Population as an Important Factor of Social Prosperity, 405–410.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Psychological Assistance to the Family.
Nuralieva, D. M. (2020). The Concept of Family Psychological Service.
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS: CAUSES, TYPES, AND MODERN APPROACHES TO TREATMENT
Abstract
This article analyzes the causes, main types, clinical manifestations, and modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to neurological disorders. Diseases of the nervous system significantly affect human health and reduce quality of life. Therefore, early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment approach are essential for preventing complications and improving patient outcomes.
The nervous system is one of the most complex and vital systems of the human body, responsible for regulating and coordinating the functions of all organs. Disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems lead to various neurological diseases. In recent years, increased stress levels, environmental factors, unhealthy lifestyles, and excessive information load have contributed to the growing prevalence of neurological disorders worldwide.
Causes of Neurological Disorders
The development of neurological disorders may be associated with the following factors:
chronic psychological stress and emotional tension;
genetic predisposition;
traumatic injuries to the brain and spinal cord;
infectious diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis;
impaired blood circulation;
toxic exposure and harmful habits;
hormonal and metabolic imbalances.
These factors negatively affect neuronal function and disrupt the transmission of nerve impulses.
Main Types of Neurological Disorders
Neurological disorders present in various clinical forms. The most common include:
Neuroses – functional disorders of the nervous system, often related to stress;
Neuritis and neuralgia – inflammatory conditions of nerve fibers;
Epilepsy – a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain;
Parkinson’s disease – a neurodegenerative condition associated with tremors and slowed movements;
Stroke – an acute disruption of cerebral blood circulation.
Clinical Manifestations
Neurological disorders may present with the following symptoms:
headaches and dizziness;
sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue;
decreased memory and concentration;
numbness or tremors in the limbs;
rapid mood changes;
speech and motor impairments.
The severity and combination of symptoms depend on the type and stage of the disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment Methods
Diagnosis of neurological disorders involves clinical examination supported by laboratory and instrumental methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). Treatment is based on a comprehensive approach, including:
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Conclusion
Neurological disorders remain a significant medical challenge in modern society. Preventive measures such as stress management, balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and routine medical check-ups play a crucial role in maintaining nervous system health. Timely intervention and proper care contribute to improved physical and mental well-being.
Every state has its own traditions and values, which have been preserved from time immemorial and inherited from their ancestors. We, the Uzbek people, also have national holidays and values inherited from our ancestors. Every Uzbek child gets up in the morning, washes his face and hands, greets his family members and wishes them a good mood during the day. It is strange for Uzbek children to look their parents in the eye and disobey them. Even a 50-year-old son obeys and respects the word of his 70-year-old father. We, the Uzbeks, are known all over the world for our high values, such as hosting weddings and serving soup. When an Uzbek wants to build a building, other neighbors gather in a hashar to help him. This is also one of our beautiful values. Compassion is very strong among our people. That is why on our national holiday Navruz, generous people of our people visit the elderly, congratulate the disabled and give gifts to orphans. On the Day of Remembrance and Honor, the martyred boys and grandfathers recite prayers to the soul, pray, and lay flowers at their graves.
Uzbek people pay a lot of attention to the upbringing of children. Parents try to raise their children from an early age to be well-mannered. Their daughters to be chaste, and their sons to be brave, courageous, and fiery. From an early age, they are taught to speak the truth, to respect the elderly, to respect the little ones, to help them when they need help, and to donate to the needy and the poor. This is also our values. When Uzbek parents give birth to a baby in their family, they plant seedlings with their children, because they want their babies to grow like these seedlings and benefit people. It is one of our true human values that Uzbek children do not leave their parents alone when they grow up and take care of them. We are taught by our teachers to take care of every inch of the land inherited from our ancestors, to be a worthy generation. Another high value we have is family stability. Every family to be built must bring up perfect people and family-oriented children for the state and the people.
