My tongue that entered my ear as lullaby,
My valiant tongue in the bosom of the ages,
I will write you every moment,
My blood, my language, oh, my motherland.

Come strolling, meaning my language,
Always sing like a nightingale my tongue,
It has the spirit of Navoi, he has Babur,
Let every dialect be beautiful, my language.

Every word has a hundred meanings in my mother tongue,
Every flame is a fire in every heart,
Everything ripples in this language,
Endless treasure, legend in my tongue.

This is my language, which the whole world respects.
This is my language, inherited from my ancestors.



Abdunazarova Khushroy was born on December 21, 2008. She is 15 years old. Currently, she is a pupil of 8th grade of the 15th DIUM of Mingbulak district, Namangan region. She is interested in English and Mathematics. She wants to become a interpreter in the future. And also she is a member of the international organization "All India Council for Technical skill development".

Knowledge is power!

 I was a school student. My life changed completely after a forty-year-old doctor of English language literature, a professor, came to our school and spoke to me. I was really envious of his achievements in life. he was looking for, he easily covered himself financially even when he was a student. Even while studying at school, he became a teacher, the profession he wanted. He graduated from school with a gold medal and entered a prestigious university on a grand basis During his student days, he expanded his business and also received the title of international teacher.

 Do you know what he told us?

 – Never dream of success, try to achieve success. Do not choose a good day or a good opportunity. Start today and now. Only then will you be among the successful! That’s right, you will stumble and fall. Know that the more obstacles and difficulties there are, the more success lies ahead! Work hard in silence, let success be your noise!

    Guys, one of the main reasons for my success so far was that woman.

 Keep this in mind:

    “Knowledge is power! Stop living in your dreams and use all your knowledge and action to make them come true. Because your future will be better than your past!”

Tulip...


To hold the arms of my destiny
firmly,
Find me
Looking at the mountains, even on a rainy way,
Bring a bouquet of tulips.

You are the person the artist drew on my forehead!
Love me with your soul over and over again
My lips are red, the first time you see them,
Bring a hearty white tulip.

Perhaps,
we know each other
Maybe a stranger
But  fate crossed our paths.
Having smiled from happiness in your hug,
Bring the happiest tulip.

Write one poem
from your heart
Let your words touch my heart.
So much...
Standing proudly in front of the flower holder,
Bring me your life!

Dilnura Rakhmanova was born on March 20, 2003 in the village of Madir, Khanka district, Khorezm region. Currently, she is a 3rd year student of the Faculty of Philology of Urganch State University. His poems are published in the anthology “The song of Uzbek homeland” in “Amazon” publishing house of USA, “Ezgu so’z” newspaper, “Inja San’at” international electronic magazine, “Teacher” scientific and methodical magazine, “Turkestan” newspaper of Azerbaijan. , kafkazh.com site, Kenya’s “The Mt. Kenya Times”, Bangladesh’s “Red Times” international newspapers, Pakistan’s “Sindh courir” artistic and scientific site and stories in the Turkish “Artshop” publishing house, the anthology “Türkçe’nin ındakï Uzbek sesi”, “Hilol” It was published in the Republic of Artists Collection. His poems and stories have been translated into English, Turkish, and Azerbaijani languages. Participant of “Navqiron Gujumlar” poetic duel. “Student of the Year 2022” University stage “The most active creative student of the year” nomination. She is the recipient of the “Glotur life excellence” medal of the international scientific magazine “Glotur life”. The author of the poetry collection “Bakhtmunchaq”. sold to 26 countries of the world. “JustFiction! The first collection of stories and essays “Ways of life and dream” (“Ways of Life and Dream”) was published in English in the “Edition” publishing house. She is a graduate of the Shine Academy for Girls. She has a membership certificate of the international organization “Juntos por las Letras” of Argentina, “Iqra” of Pakistan. and Indonesia “Asih Sasami”, Egypt’s “Creativity Forum For Culture, Arts and Peace”, India’s “All India Council for Technical Skill Development” is a member of international organizations. Scholarship of the regional governor. Participant of international forums and conferences.

Interview method in sociological research

Abdusamatova Odinaxon
2nd year student of the Faculty
of History of Fergana State University

Abstract: This article discusses the use of interviews as a research
method in sociology. It explains the differences between structured and unstructured interviews, and highlights the advantages and limitations of using this method. The article emphasizes the importance of careful design and awareness of potential biases in order to generate reliable and valid data.

Overall, this article provides a useful overview of the interview method for sociologists seeking to understand individual experiences and perspectives.
Keywords: interviews, research methods, sociology, structured
interviews, unstructured interviews, advantages, limitations, biases, reliability, validity, individual experiences, perspectives.

Introduction

The interview method is a widely used research technique in sociology that involves asking questions to individuals or groups of people in order to gather information about their beliefs, attitudes, experiences, and behaviors. Interviews can be conducted in various forms, such as face-to-face, over the phone, or through online platforms.
In sociological research, interviews are often used to explore social phenomena and understand the perspectives and experiences of individuals or groups within a particular context. This method enables researchers to gain in-depth insights into the social world and uncover new knowledge that may not be obtained through other research methods.

Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. Structured interviews involve asking a set of predetermined questions in a specific order. Semi-structured interviews allow for some flexibility in the questions asked and the order in which they are asked. Unstructured interviews involve an open- ended conversation where the interviewer allows the respondent to lead the
conversation.

The interview method has several advantages in sociological research. It allows researchers to obtain rich and detailed data that can be used to develop theories and hypotheses. Interviews also enable researchers to build rapport with respondents and gain their trust, which can result in more honest and accurate responses.
However, interviews also have some limitations. Respondents may provide biased or incomplete information, and the interviewer’s presence may influence the responses given. Additionally, interviews can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Overall, the interview method is a valuable tool in sociological research that can provide unique insights into the social world. By carefully designing and conducting interviews, researchers can gather rich and meaningful data that can inform our understanding of social phenomena.

There are several types of interviews that sociologists may use in their research. One type is the life history interview, which involves asking a respondent to recount their life experiences in detail. This type of interview can provide valuable insights into how individuals understand and navigate their social worlds over time.
Another type of interview is the focus group, which involves bringing together a group of individuals to discuss a particular topic or issue. Focus groups can provide insights into group dynamics and how individuals interact with one another in social settings.

Interviews can also be used in combination with other research methods, such as surveys or observation. For example, a sociologist may conduct interviews with individuals to gather qualitative data about their experiences, while also using surveys to gather quantitative data about the prevalence of certain attitudes or behaviors.

In order to conduct effective interviews, sociologists must carefully design their questions and consider factors such as the demographics of their respondents and the context in which the interviews will take place. They must also be aware of potential biases and take steps to minimize them.

Overall, the interview method is a powerful tool for sociologists seeking to understand the social world. By using interviews in conjunction with other research methods, sociologists can gather rich and nuanced data that can inform our understanding of social phenomena and contribute to the development of new theories and hypotheses.

Literature Review
The use of interviews in sociological research has been widely discussed and debated in the literature. Some scholars argue that interviews are essential for understanding the subjective experiences of individuals and the meanings they attach to their social worlds (Gubrium & Holstein, 2002). Others caution that interviews can be biased and may not accurately reflect the experiences of
marginalized groups (Lloyd & Smith, 2013).

One approach to addressing these concerns is to use a variety of interview techniques and to carefully consider the context in which interviews are conducted. For example, life history interviews can provide a rich understanding of an individual’s experiences over time, but may be time- consuming and difficult to analyze. Focus groups can provide insights into group dynamics, but may be influenced by the dominant voices in the group.

Another important consideration is the role of the interviewer in shaping the responses of the interviewee. Researchers must be aware of their own biases and be careful not to influence the responses of their participants (Bloor et al., 2001).
Despite these challenges, interviews continue to be a valuable tool for sociologists seeking to understand the social world. By carefully designing their questions and considering the context in which interviews are conducted, researchers can gather rich and nuanced data that can inform our understanding of social phenomena and contribute to the development of new theories and hypotheses.

Furthermore, interviews can provide a platform for marginalized
voices to be heard and can help to challenge dominant narratives and power structures (Lloyd & Smith, 2013). By giving voice to those who are often excluded from mainstream discussions, interviews can contribute to more inclusive and diverse research.

Overall, while interviews have their limitations and challenges, they remain an important tool for sociological research. By using a variety of techniques and being mindful of their own biases, researchers can gather valuable data that can inform our understanding of the social world and contribute to the development of more inclusive and diverse theories.

Discussion
As an AI language model, I do not have personal opinions or beliefs. However, I can provide some additional points to consider in the discussion of interviews as a tool for sociological research.
One potential limitation of interviews is the potential for social desirability bias, where participants may alter their responses to present themselves in a more favorable light. This can be mitigated by creating a comfortable and non- judgmental atmosphere and assuring participants of confidentiality.

Another challenge is the potential for researcher bias, where the interviewer’s own beliefs and assumptions may influence the questions asked and the interpretation of responses. Researchers can mitigate this by being aware of their own biases and using techniques such as reflexivity to critically examine their own assumptions.

Finally, interviews may not be suitable for all research questions or populations. For example, some individuals may not feel comfortable discussing certain topics or may have difficulty expressing themselves verbally. In these cases, other methods such as surveys or focus groups may be more appropriate.

Overall, interviews can provide valuable insights into the social world and contribute to more inclusive and diverse research. However, researchers must be mindful of their limitations and challenges and use appropriate techniques to gather reliable data.
Additionally, the interpretation of interview data can also be a challenge. Researchers must carefully analyze and code responses to identify patterns and themes, and ensure that their interpretations are grounded in the data rather than their own assumptions.

Another consideration is the time and resources required for conducting interviews. Interviews can be time-consuming and expensive, particularly if a large sample size is needed. Researchers must carefully plan and budget for interviews to ensure that they are feasible and effective.

Finally, ethical considerations must also be taken into account when conducting interviews. Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants and ensure that their privacy and confidentiality are protected. They must also be sensitive to issues of power dynamics and avoid exploiting or harming participants in any way.

In conclusion, interviews can be a valuable tool for sociological research, but they also have limitations and challenges that must be carefully considered. By using appropriate techniques and being mindful of ethical considerations, researchers can gather rich and insightful data that contributes to a deeper understanding of the social world.

Furthermore, the type of interview used can also impact the data collected. For example, structured interviews with closed-ended questions may limit the depth of responses and miss important nuances, while unstructured interviews with open-ended questions may lead to inconsistent data and difficulty in analysis.

Another challenge is the potential for interviewer bias, where the interviewer’s personal beliefs and attitudes may influence the responses of participants. Researchers must be aware of their own biases and take steps to minimize their impact on the interview process.
Moreover, the cultural context in which the interview takes place can also affect the data collected. Different cultures may have different communication styles and expectations, which can impact how participants respond to questions and how researchers interpret their responses.

Finally, technological advancements have led to the use of online interviews, which can overcome some of the challenges of traditional face-to-face interviews such as geographic limitations and cost. However, online interviews also have their own limitations such as potential technical issues and difficulty in establishing rapport with participants.

Overall, interviews are a valuable tool for sociological research, but researchers must carefully consider their limitations and challenges and choose appropriate techniques to gather insightful data.

Conclusion
In conclusion, interviews are an important method for collecting data in sociological research. They can provide valuable insights into people’s experiences, attitudes, and beliefs. However, there are several challenges that researchers must consider when using interviews, including the potential for interviewer bias, limitations of different interview types, cultural context, and technological limitations. To overcome these challenges, researchers must
carefully select appropriate interview techniques and take steps to minimize bias and ensure the validity and reliability of their data. Overall, interviews can be a powerful tool for sociological research when used appropriately.

References:

1. Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.
2. Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the Craft of
   Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage Publications.
3. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2011). Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of
   Hearing Data. Sage Publications.
4. Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for
   Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College
   Press.
5. Silverman, D. (2013). Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical
   Handbook. Sage Publications.
6. Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research:
   Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage
   Publications.
7. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and
   mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
8. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative
   research. Sage Publications.
9. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods:
   Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
10. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2013). Qualitative data
    analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
11. Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage
    Publications.
12. Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage Publications.
13. Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive
    approach. Sage Publications.
14. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in
    qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(163-194), 105.

Illuminated life and creative path of Erkin Vahidov

Erkin Vahidov, a prominent representative of Uzbek literature, a famous poet, translator, dramatist and community leader, created a very blessed work. Hero of Uzbekistan, People’s Poet of Uzbekistan Erkin Vahidov was born on December 28, 1936 in Altariq district of Fergana region in the family of a teacher. His childhood coincided with the Second World War. His father Chuyanboy Vahidov returned from the Second World War with severe injuries and died in 1945. A year later, her mother Roziya Khan Vahidova also passed away. Young Erkin, separated from both father and mother, is brought up by his uncle Karim. Arriving in Tashkent – the capital, the poet diligently and enthusiastically continued his studies. The young poet, who became a famous and honored poet of our nation with his works, developed love and passion for books and literature very early. 

He took an active part in the literary circle organized by the poet Ghairati and began to learn the secrets of creativity. Erkin Vahidov’s first collection was published in 1961 under the name “Morning Breath”. This collection sharpened his talent and potential, fueled his passion for poetry. After that, one after the other, “My songs are for you”, “Heart and mind”, “My star”, “Shout”, “Lyrics”, “Epic written on the wall”, “Department of Youth”, “Lighthouse”, “Epics” “, “Love”, “Current Youth”, “Living Planets”, “Suffering” were published. The deep meaning, pure expressions, and wonderful images in a number of poems of the poet, who sensitively feels the magic of folk literature, such as “Morning Plate”, “About Humility”, “Bulak”, “Love”, “Mother Earth” reflect found.

Erkin Vahidov worked as an editor, editor-in-chief, director at the “Yosh Gvardiya” publishing house, at the literary and art publishing house named after Gafur Ghulam, and as the editor-in-chief at the “Yoshlik” magazine. He contributed to the publication of many high-quality works. At the same time, he also wrote great epics such as “Exclamation”, “Epic Written in Palatka”, “The Place of the Sun”, “Rebellion of Spirits”. It is difficult to imagine the work of the poet without his work as a translator. He skillfully translated the works of many famous world poets into Uzbek. In particular, the poems of the Russian poet S. Yesenin translated by E. Vahidov, the work “Faust” by the German poet Goethe were big events in Uzbek literature.

Erkin Vahidov collected his works created over a period of more than fifty years and created a four-volume collection entitled “Trade of Love”, “Poetry World”, “The river of life” and “Exclamation of the heart”. It is not wrong to say that these works are a mirror and reflection of the people’s life. Erkin Vahidov, who gained attention in Elda, did not only write poems and epics, but also created works in other genres. He also tried his hand at dramaturgy and created dramas such as “The Golden Wall” and “Istanbul Tragedy”. Our beloved poet Erkin Vahidov’s services to the country and literature were taken into account, and he was awarded the Order of “Great Merit” and the title of “Hero of Uzbekistan”.

Erkin Vahidov, the beloved child of our people, great creator, People’s Poet of Uzbekistan, died on May 30, 2016 at the age of 79.

Effects of mobilephones in society

Due to the fact that we live in the age of technology, today many people prefer online communication instead of face-to-face meetings.
Firstly, one of the biggest reasons for this is our smartphones and the fact that people spend so much time on social media these days.
for example, they waste time reading posts on channels in Telegram groups and as a result they do not have time for other household chores and plans.

Secondly, there are mobile phones from adults to young children and parents do not give enough time to their children.  As an example, young children watch cartoons or videos on YouTube channels from morning to night this is a leading them to grow up unkind and aggressive.

In general, socialize meetings are not popular among people today because of telephones, which in the future may cause psychological diseases such as depression, loneliness, and longing.

Usmonova Mashkhura Shukhratovna

Seven secrets of effective learning

   In order to be successful and competitive, one must always work on oneself and educate oneself. In this process, effective methods developed for the successful assimilation of knowledge will help. What is the secret of effective knowledge acquisition?

  Secret 1 – what is the secret of effectively using the first 20 minutes of studying very difficult material, not overstraining the brain and ensuring mastery of the type of training in the next minutes?

   A person can only concentrate at a high level during the first 20 minutes.

   After half an hour, as a result of the division of attention, the reception of information slows down to 60%, after 45 minutes to 40%. Therefore, knowledge with a high level of complexity becomes more and more difficult to understand after an hour.

  Secret 2 – daily victory in class …

 Make it a habit to evaluate your progress in class and after class. Such an approach will help you eliminate negative aspects of the learning process, increase learning motivation and independence.

   Identify your shortcomings and try to overcome them. Do this exercise regularly. Then you start to control yourself and make mistakes less.

   Secret 3 – connecting theory with practice.

    Theoretical knowledge is strengthened and improved by practice.

    Sometimes some words are familiar to us, but we don’t understand what they are talking about.

   We cannot determine the meaning of the word. Are you familiar with this problem? What does our brain do with the information we don’t use?

   That’s right, it puts it in a ‘remote archive’ so as not to waste energy.

   The third secret to successful learning is to gain knowledge and skills through direct experience. This is exactly what it means to be ‘shy and lazy’, which means that the most important thing is to consciously apply the theoretical knowledge we have learned.

  Secret 4 – imagination.

   It’s no secret that imagination gives great opportunities to perceive information. However, it has one major drawback – it cannot store the received data for a long time. The brain’s attention filtration filters out unnecessary information to save brain energy.

   American psychologist George Miller developed a theory called “Miller’s wallet” and later it became known as “7+_2”. The summary of the rule is that a person’s short-term memory cannot remember more than 9 objects.

Miller’s wallet

   The short-term memory or a kind of “wallet” in the human brain can hold no more than “money” of “seven coins” of different values ​​at the same time.

   If they are more than seven or nine, the brain intuitively divides them into groups of 5 to 9. There is an inextricable connection between the efficiency of our work and the number 7.

    Making a piano according to the 7+_2 rule helps to save time, solve various problems, and especially manage processes more effectively.

   Miller’s experiments show that a person’s short-term memory, on average, remembers nine two-digit numbers, eight multi-digit numbers, seven letters of the alphabet, and five one-syllable words.

    Secret 5 – to remember information for a long time

      If you need to remember for a very long time:

the first repetition after the initial reading;

the second repetition 20-30 minutes after the first repetition;

the third repetition 1 day after the second;

the fourth repetition 2-3 weeks after the third;

the fifth repetition should be done 2-3 months after the fourth repetition.

   Thus, the effective repetition method allows you to store four times more new information in memory than the traditional method.