The Stages of the Emergence of Economic Terms in the Uzbek
Language and the Peculiarities of their Derivation
Khakimova Zamira Xurram qizi
Teacher at The Department of integrated course of English language №3Uzbekistan State World languages University
ABSTRACT
This article describes the origin and derivational characteristics of economic terms in the Uzbek language. Some terms are analyzed and compared with English economic terms.
The process of forming finance and economic terminology in the Uzbek language, which has a nine-century history of development, also goes back to a long history. This history includes three
periods. Most of the terms whose origin and development are studied below belong to the third period, that is, to the period after independence. The reason for this is the relative relevance of
the research of the terms that are current, in practice, and in circulation for specialists of this profession.
English terminology borrowed many words from Latin and French, Arabic and Persian languages lead the rich stage of Uzbek terminology. Cultural and political relations between these nations in ancient times have an important place in this. We can see the first examples of economic terms in the Uzbek language in “Devoni Lug’ati-turk” by Mahmud Kashgari, “Boburnoma” by Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, in the works of Alisher Navai, Ogahi, Yusuf
Khos Hajib. For example the terms below are taken from the work “Devoni Lug’ati-turk”:
“Og’ur” 1
(government)
“O’ro’nch”2
(a bribe)
“Sart”3
(merchant)
“Bergo’”4
(debt)
1 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-87
2 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the third volume p-451
3 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-328
4 Mahmud Koshgariy “Devoni Lugati-turk” the first volume p-403
Keywords: Economy, terminology, Latin, Russian, derivation, borrowing, affixation.
Received: November 29, 2022
Accepted: December 30, 2022
Published: January 31, 2023
Article Information
WEB OF SYNERGY:
International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
Volume 2 Issue 1, Year 2023 ISSN: 2835-3013
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Web of Synergy:International Interdisciplinary Research Journal
ISSN: 2835-3013
© 2023 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the
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219
And also several samples can be found in the works of Alisher Navoi.
For example: “naqdina” (cash) 5 , “mablag” (funds), “miqdor”6
(amount), “dastmoya” (working capital). Then the second period of development of Uzbek terminology began. During this period, under the influence of the occupation by Tsarist Russia, many terms came from the Russian language.
For instance: Blanka (form), veksel (promissory note), bank (bank), kassir (cashier), Tovar (commodity), taftishchi (inspector).
Economic terms in the Uzbek language have developed mainly on the basis of two sources. If the first is within the inner language capabilities, such as affixation, meaning transfer, meaning
expansion, semantic derivation are examples (jamg’arma-accumulation, ijarachi-tenant), the second method is borrowing from foreign languages, in which mainly Arabic and Persian-Tajik
languages until the 20th century, then Russian, and English after independence caused the enrichment of Uzbek treasury terminology.
When it comes to the characteristics of the terms formed through internal possibilities, it is seen that the concept represented by that term has existed in our language and way of life since ancient times. Example: trade – Arabic language The concepts expressed by terms formed through foreign assimilation are concepts that are new for the entire language as a result of development.
For instance:Auksion 7 (auction)-english word.
Below we will consider a diachronic study of several terms:
“Audit” 8 (audit)- borrowed word. It means “I hear” from the Latin language. Currently, it is used to check whether the financial statements of an enterprise or organization meet the specified
standards.
The same audit is conducted by someone who is well versed in finance and accounting. It is called “Auditor”. These terms were not directly transferred to the Uzbek language. It was transferred to English from Latin, and the form “Auditor” was formed as a result
of the addition of the personal suffix “-or” to the base “Audit”.
It should be mentioned that most of the terms related to finance and economy in the Uzbek language were not formed by derivational or other word formation methods and were transferred from other languages as such terms. The word “balance” is one of them. If the English word “balance” is translated as balance, in the treasury it means the balance between debit and credit, i.e. the inflow and outflow of money. As such, this word has been accepted into our language as an international word.
“Antimonopol”9 (antimonopoly)- the term “monopoly” was borrowed from the Russian language as an international word into the Uzbek language. The root of this word is Latin, in the form “monopolyum”, in Greek as “monopōlion”, in English as “monopoly” (from the 16th
century), in Russian as “monopoly”. It means sole domination in a certain type of trade. The prefix “anti-” in the Uzbek language imposes a negative meaning on nouns.
“Avans”10 (advance)- this word, which means advance payment, goes back to the Latin language. The word “abante”, which means “to move” or “promote” in Latin, was transferred to the French language in the form of “avanc” or “avancer”, which means to move forward. At the end of the eighteenth century, it was borrowed from French to Russian. From it to Uzbek. The meaning of giving part of the money in advance for the goods began to be noted in the 60s of the last century.
5 Alisher Navai “Hayrat ul-abror” p-80
6 Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat” p-87
7 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A p-94
8 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 93-bet
9
Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”
10 O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati”- A 6-bet
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“Buxgalteriya”11 (accounting)-. This word, which entered the Uzbek language through the Russian language, represents the practice of accounting. But it is not a Russian word itself.
Translated from German to Russian. The German words “das Buch” – book and “halter” – lifter were combined to form the word “book lifter”.
“Dotatsiya”12(subsidy)-in latin “dotatio” means gift. He switched from Latin to English, from English to Russian and then to Uzbek. It means non-refundable financial aid.
“Hisobot”13(report)- the word “hisob” is a word from the Arabic language. it represents the representation and designation of numbers. The noun-forming suffix “-ot” was added to the root
of the word “hisob” and the term “hisobot” appeared. The word “hisobot” is not only an economic term, but is also widely used in general terms. If it represents a summary of the work done in general, it is a statement of the operations performed during the previous period or quarter in the financial sector.
“Kassa”14(checkout)- department where money operations are carried out. It comes from the Italian word “cassa” which means box.
Although new terms have been borrowed from foreign languages along with new concepts in the Uzbek language, it has been seen that new terms have been created based on the borrowed terms
with extensive use of the affixation method. The fact that the Uzbek language is an agglutinative language is a factor in this.
Derivation serves as a method of terminological conceptualization of a field of language. Creation of terms is carried out according to the following classification parameters: lexicosemantic, borrowing, syntactic, morphological syntax.
Used literature:
- Makhmud Koshgari “Devoni Lugati-turk 3 volumes “Fan” 1960
- D.H.Pulatov, B.I.Nurmuhamedova “G’aznachilik” Toshkent 2014
- Alisher Navai “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”
- Sh.N.Abdullayeva “ Tilshunoslikda terminologiya masalalariga oid nazariy qarashlar” 2019
Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University - “O’zbek tilining izohli lug’ati” 1981
- A.Ulmasov, A.Vahobov “Iqtisodiyot nazariyasi” Tashkent 2014
- Internet resources: Idum.uz “Iqtisodiyotga oid atamalar”