WORK ON THE VOCABULARIES GIVEN IN TEXTBOOKS 

     Saidova is Mahzuna Farhod’s daughter

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

2nd stage student of Uzbek language and literature

Abstract. This article discusses the use of the words in the dictionaries in literature textbooks and the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also provided about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech. 

Key words: vocabulary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pair” exercise, “Did I make a mistake?” game, “Small review” method.

Annotation. In this article, the use of the words reflected in the dictionaries in literature textbooks, as well as the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson, are discussed. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also given about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and about the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech.

Key words: dictionary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pairs” exercise, “Can you find me wrong?” game, “Little review” method.

Абстрактный. В данной статье рассматривается употребление слов, отраженных в словарях, в учебниках литературы, а также методы работы над ними и использования словарей в ходе урока. Помимо учебников по литературе, была также дана информация о способах использования словарей на занятиях родного языка, о роли словарей в развитии речи учащихся.

Ключевые слова: лексика, методика, учебник, словарный запас, упражнение “Сопоставление пар”, “Найди меня неправым?” игра, метод “Небольшой обзор”.

Getting acquainted with the dictionaries in the textbook, if we familiarize ourselves with the explanation of the word dictionary before working on them:

Dictionary [Arabic language, dialect; word, phrase] 1 A book in which the words of a language are compiled in a certain order (usually in alphabetical order), explained or translated into another language.

2 Words; the set of all words in the language, vocabulary.

Dictionaries are of great importance in explaining the meaning of words and developing students’ speech. A word is the smallest part of a language that conveys meaning. A collection of all words and phrases in a language is called a dictionary. The branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary and structure of the Uzbek language is called lexicology.

It is known that the textbooks of the new generation are modernized and adopt a number of examples from the education of the developed countries of the world. In 6-7-10th grade textbooks of literature and mother tongue, updated in 2022, dictionaries according to the picture below are mentioned.

Figure 1.

Literature is a field that incorporates the art of words. Because it is necessary to use dictionaries in literature classes. Some of the words found in the works are historical, and some are archaic. We can apply the vocabulary given in literature textbooks to the lesson process in the following ways:

“Matched pair” method;

“I made a mistake, find it?”;

“A small review”;

Explain correctly.

 For example: we will try to fill in the vocabulary given in the 10th grade Literature textbook using the “Matched Pairs” method.

Dictionaries in the “Gorogli” epic.

In this case, the dictionaries are matched with pairs whose meanings match each other, just as shown above. It helps to know how well the students have mastered the vocabulary. 

Vocabularies found in textbooks can be found in “I’m confused?” we can present it to students as an exercise. In this case, it is necessary to use the paronym of the dictionaries.

For example: 1. Ziyoda looked at them thoughtfully.  It should have been lying here, not lying down. 

 2. The girls looked at them with a smile, looking at them in simple, cute dresses. 

3. In dealing with the people, it is necessary to rely not on the sword, but on the power of justice, to save the people from oppression. (Oybek. “Navoi”)  The word justice should have been used here.

4. When brother Hasan gives the money, he will weigh it and make a will. (Hamza).

5. They say that even if you rub your feet, fine silk will not turn gray. (A. Mukhtar) 

Students should find the correct words and write them down as shown above. This method helps to memorize paronyms well, to quickly distinguish them from the meaning of the sentence. 

We can use the “Small comment” method to explain the names of the linguistics department in the mother tongue classes. 

For example: Orthography – correct writing rules are studied.

Graphics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Phonetics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Lexicology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

Etymology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Morphology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Phraseology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

If we give the students the names of the sections to memorize in a dictionary style, it will be easier for them to remember them, and when commenting, they will give a short and concise, and most importantly, correct comment. This will help to strengthen students’ knowledge of linguistics and increase their scientific knowledge.

In conclusion, it can be said that in previous textbooks, vocabulary was given relatively little and it was not given importance. Currently, special dictionaries of classical works have been compiled. Dictionaries have an incomparable place in human life and language development. Today, it is difficult to fully understand any information or several meanings of information without dictionaries. Every dictionary is more than just a reference. They are the immortal heritage of the national language. As the lexicographer A. Ray said: “modern civilization is the civilization of the dictionary.” Indeed, in today’s advanced age, dictionaries have a high position in every field.

References:

1. Under the editorship of Abduvahob Madvaliyev. Spelling dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume II. – T.: “National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan”. State Scientific Publishing House. 2020, page 512.

2. Berdiyeva Barno. Types of dictionaries and their role in human life. Interdisciplinary Conference of Young Scholars in Social Sciences. Hosted from USA, 26th -28th February. Pages 84-87.

3. Mengliyev B. Khudoyberdiyeva M. “Learning dictionary of Uzbek language phrases”, 2007-2009.

4. Nargiza Erkaboyeva. A collection of lectures on the Uzbek language. – T.: “Yosh Kuch”, 2019, pp. 20-21.

5. Z. I. Mirzayeva, K. Q. Jalilov. Literature [Text]: textbook for 10th grade. – Tashkent: Republican Education Center, 2022. – 312 p.

6. www.openconference

7. www.ziyouz.com

Mother

          Mother. There is a world of meaning in this small 3-letter word. Mother is such a beautiful and meaningful word. When we say “mother”, a kind of peace and love appears inside us. Is it easy to be a mother? Who can love their children like a mother? Who can protect them like a mother? When we fail, when the doors of fortune are closed to us, only and only our loving mother can stand by us. Your closest friends, relatives, and even your loving hearts, who always say “You’re fine, you’re fine,” turn away from you in that situation and cannot help you. The lives of all people in the world are not equal. Sometimes they succeed and sometimes they fail. For example, I have had many failures in my life. In those situations, even if I didn’t tell my mother, they could tell by my voice and face that I was depressed. A mother’s heart feels everything. They gave me strength and motivation, they taught me that there is still life ahead of me, that everything will happen in life, just try not to give up. They show me the right way. When I succeed in life, I tell my mother first. They are always proud to have children like me. 

Mothers can raise their voice to their children, they can be angry, they can say words that hurt your heart, but their love for their children never ends. A mother is such a being that every being carries that mercy and that blessing with motherhood. From humans to monsters, mothers never change, never hurt their children, their children’s lives are beautiful, and they work tirelessly to ensure that they don’t need anything in the future. A hyena, carrying her baby between her sharp teeth and protecting her children from danger, shows us how sensitive motherhood is. Mothers feed their children without eating, clothe their children without wearing them, so that their children do not become separated from their peers, so that they do not become dependent on anyone in the future, they work tirelessly, not calling night night, not calling day day, not knowing what rest is. He educates them and teaches them in big cities.

A mother is a heart full of blessings. Even though he vomits blood and cries blood, he does not let his child feel it. He swallows his pain. He shows the world to his children as beautiful and charming.

              A mother is not just a person who gave birth to a child. A mother is a whole world for a child, a painful and never-closing door. When it comes to mother, you can hear a different definition from each child. Someone praises his mother with the most beautiful words in the world, while someone else says that there are no words to describe. So who is mother to you?

“For me, mom…

The most kind, beautiful, sweet woman in the world is my mother. Without my mother, I cannot imagine the worlds, not even a single moment. My mother has a feeling, it is patience. I always admire these sentiments. No other person has the patience my mother has. My mother always helps the people around her, she is a generous woman. My mother is my heaven. May my mother be healthy and safe for me.”

Mother is a happiness that you cannot see! Some people cannot even feel this happiness. Life is beautiful for me because my mother lives in it. There will be days when my mother will always be proud of me, Inshallah! I will do my best for it!

Thank you, my mother!

Majidova Sevinch was born on March 8, 2004 in Shahrisabz district of Kashkadarya region. On September 1, 2010, she was admitted to the 1st grade at the 8th general secondary school located in Shahrisabz district. After graduating from school with excellent grades, in 2021 she was admitted to the Faculty of Elementary Education of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami. She is currently a 3rd-year student at the Faculty of Elementary Education. During her career, she participated in many webinars, courses and competitions and received diplomas and certificates in many fields. Currently, she is fluent in Turkish, English and is studying Arabic and Russian. In his free time, she reads books on various fields and learns languages.

Love story

  “O Allah, make all my dreams and goals come true as soon as possible, I still want to be a great person, I have a lot of work to do, a career… please don’t get distracted from studying, don’t fall in love…”

   But for some reason, Laylo writes these words in her diary, and “she” does not leave her imagination. 

   He always kept a diary and wrote about his plans and goals. He never wanted to fall in love. Because he knew well what a person he loved would fall into, he had seen it in the person of his sister. But something happened and he met her on the way to study. They met and talked twice. On the third date, the young man asks Laylo for her phone number. Normally, Laylo didn’t talk to anyone and didn’t trust guys, but she gave her number to this guy with some feeling. In this way, correspondence and talks continued. The guy was not that handsome, just an ordinary boy. Both studied at the same university. That’s what love is, but somehow he won Laylo’s heart. There were no scheduled meetings, they only communicated virtually. Laylo felt that she was becoming more and more attached to him. Should he stop talking, but he couldn’t.

He was waiting for her to call him. The guy is also good, he also loved Laylo, but not from Laylo. He seemed different to Laylo, good, sincere, kind, as if there was no better person in the world than him. Their characters also liked each other. But they haven’t told each other that they love each other yet. Their love was like unconditional love. But Laylo found it necessary to put an end to everything one night.

   I’m distracted from reading, let’s stop talking, don’t write anymore, he said goodbye. He didn’t write back to you either. It’s been 3 months since they met. In that short period of time, he felt that he was in love. He went out and it was a quiet night. It seemed to Laila that this period had passed like a dream. The only full moon in the sky was looking at Laylo. Laylo took a deep breath, a drop of tears fell from her eyes, she felt relieved. He thought that he did the right thing and now everything will be fine. He went in and lay down. But he couldn’t sleep until morning and came out full. He had a severe headache when he stood up. He didn’t drink tea, he had no appetite. Yesterday’s incident did not go away from his imagination. His heart hurt, he was very depressed, he even cried for 3-4 days without regaining consciousness. Her mother consoled her by saying, “My daughter, what’s wrong with you, come to yourself” and said that first love is not always true.However, Laylo really fell in love, she became different. He also thought that this situation would pass, and said that he would be fine if he went to university. And while studying, when her friends talked about her boyfriends, she remembered “him” again. The guy didn’t write back either, he was waiting for her calls. 

  So, a month passed in agony, crying and thinking. At the beginning of March, while watching social networks, he noticed that he had written it. 

He was so happy, so happy, as if he had found what he had lost like a young child. He answered immediately. 

Those correspondences and conversations continued.

This time a real love story began. Both are happy. They even went to study together. But he had never met before studying. The young man begged to come around, but Laylo did not give in. Gradually their relationship deepened. They also helped each other in university textbooks. Laylo’s mother was worried about this. He did not trust his daughter to anyone. To be sure, his mother did not like the young man very much.. “Daughter, you don’t know what kind of boy he is, keep your promise to us, you still need to study, develop, and travel the world, that’s what your father dreams of,” he advised. 

  Laylo really felt that she did not think about studying. He also saw that there were many plans left in his diary. 

   Gradually, the young man began to talk about marriage. According to him, his mother died without him. Only the two brothers lived in the house where the sisters got married. His father is abroad. Because of this, the relatives are getting involved in the wedding movement this year because a woman should come to the family. 

   Laylo felt sad again. He does not plan to get married yet. Not even ready for family life. She thought that it would be appropriate to talk with the guy for a couple of years, understand each other, and then get married. If he marries her, his goals will definitely remain. Because there is no woman, household chores and raising children fall on her. Now he was realizing that he had made a mistake. His mother was right. But how does he refuse it? After all, he convinced her and made so many promises. He said he loved…

Laylo is thinking whether to choose love or study?!

  And if he didn’t say no, he would not want to lose her like before, and he would be crushed thinking that he would miss her. He thought a lot why lovers can never be together. 

He told the guy to wait and explained. But he also said that he could not wait without help. He said that it was hard for him to do all the work. And he asked her for the last time, “Will you marry me?” 

   After a long hesitation, Laylo answered him “No”. He wanted her to be happy because she loved him from the bottom of her heart. Laylo was afraid to make him unhappy because she did not believe in herself. 

He prayed that he would get married, have a family, have children, and be happy. 

  At the end of the summer, they broke up without any reason. Now for life. The young man has been calling a lot lately, but Laylo did not answer, she was holding on to her heartache. Then the guy stopped calling Laylo realizing his purpose. Thus their love ended.

Laylo’s love could not be said to have ended, hers continued secretly. After that, she didn’t meet another guy. Maybe he is married, maybe he is happy now, it was unclear to Laylo.

   No matter how many years have passed, when he listens to the music that is related to him or when it rains, he remembers the words he said and the sweet memories he had with him. After that incident, Laylo never loved anyone as much as she loved him. He became the first love of his life. She met a lot of guys, but she didn’t like any of them. He also graduated. He developed in every way, in every field, his dreams came true one after another, he learned languages, went to the international arena, got a job. At present, he received the prayers of his parents and devoted himself to them. But he hasn’t started a family yet.

Aytuvova Khurshida was born on June 5, 2002 in Saykhunabad district of Syrdarya region. She graduated from Gulistan State University, Faculty of Philology, majoring in Russian. Official delegate of several forums, member of international organizations, Global Education Ambassador, SPSC ambassador. She is a member of the “Juntos por las Letras” international writer’s association of Argentina. Her creative works have appeared in international newspapers and magazines. Her stories were also published in the national anthology “Languages ​​to creativity” and in the republican magazine “Izhodovlar”. Currently, she is a Russian language teacher at school No. 4 in the district.

My dear sister

He filled my beautiful life with joy

He brought meaning to my life

Dear sister like my mother

He gives love early and late

She always held my hand like a sister,

My umbrella is my sister, my shield is my sister

Have a little laugh because of me

Dear sister, dear sister.

he asks me every day

how are you sister

She is kind like my mother

And he looked at me day and night

Beautiful faces like my mother,

Dear sister, I have

Sweet words like my father

My supportive sister, dear.

Sister Dilnoza, stay healthy always

Be a legend to the world

Let everyone know you, Sister Dilnoza.

May their names spread throughout the world.

Let the whole world know, my beautiful sister,

Let them feel your sweet love

You fill the whole world with joy,

May those who see us be envious.

May God protect us always

May we have many sisters like you

carrying you on my shoulders

I will take you on a pilgrimage.

You just laugh with joy, that’s all

My beautiful sister is the light of my life.

Remember me once a day

My life is beautiful sister.

Thank you dear Dilnozam 

i love you 

He always protects me

His kindness shook the world

I am Sobirjonova Rayhona, a 9th-grade student of the 8th general secondary school of Vobkent district, Bukhara region. I was born in December 2008 in the village of Chorikalon, Vobkent district in an intellectual family. My mother and father supported me from a young age. I am also interested. I started writing in my 3rd grade. My first creative poem was published in “Wobkent Life” newspaper. In addition, many magazines were published in America’s Synchaos newspaper, India’s Namaste India magazine, Gulkhan magazine, Germany’s RavenCage magazine and many other magazines and newspapers. my creative works have come out. I actively participated in many contests and won high places and received many gifts. Creativity is my precocious nature. I am very interested in creativity and enjoy every line. Of course, I will become a great person and bring the name of my country Uzbekistan to heaven, God willing!!!

Expression of the Heart

Night. Away from the sun’s embrace,
My moments are like a boundless sea.
No one can replace your place,
Neither stars nor the crescent moon, you see.

With your light, caress me slow,
Let the flame within my heart grow.
May clouds not block your way,
And darkness fade from your gentle ray.

Hide not your face beyond the peaks,
Make my heart’s garden bloom and speak.
First, in my heart’s quiet nook,
Sow the seeds of hope, as you took.

When I cast a gaze each night,
May it bring hope for tomorrow’s light.
Push away the pangs of longing deep,
And speak of you in dreams I keep.

Night. Away from the sun’s embrace,
My longing is a pain with no grace.
No one can replace your place,
Stay, and always be with me in this space.

Karimova Sarvara Karimovna was born on March 30, 2008 in the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Currently, she is studying in the 10th grade of a school named after Agahi. She creates in the genres of poems, stories and articles. One creative collection has been published.

The Impact of a Legendary Teacher on a Girl’s Life

One cold winter night, a girl with a heart as pure as snow was born. Her parents called her Ice heart. Ice heart started school earlier than her peers. She was a bit shy and timid, which made it difficult for her to connect with classmates. After 6 years of school, she prepared for the entrance exam to a higher-level school. She studied for a month and took the exam. Two months later, she was overjoyed to be accepted. She immediately began attending classes but only stayed for two years. These types of schools were shut down and replaced with specialized schools under a new system. She continued her education at this new specialized school. This year marked a turning point in her life. Ice heart fell into deep despair, losing all motivation.

One day, a legendary teacher, who would play a crucial role in her life, entered her world. This teacher rescued Ice Heart from her despair and changed her life for the better. Thankfully, she had the opportunity to learn from this legendary teacher. Now, Ice heart holds the keys to success and good fortune.

That Ice Heart was me.

Abduraximova Muyassarxon Anvarjon qizi  was born on January 6, 2008, in Toshloq district, Ferghana region. Currently, she is a 10th-grade student at a specialized school in Toshloq district, Ferghana region.

ORGANIZING EDUCATIONAL LESSONS BASED ON INNOVATIVE APPROACHES

Sevinchoy San’at qizi Shomurotova
Urganch State Pedagogical Institute  
Faculty of Pedagogy, 3rd-year student of Primary Education

Abstract: Education is considered the most ancient and eternal value that ensures humanity’s dignity. This article explores the organization of educational lessons using innovative approaches.

Keywords: education, innovation, teaching, pedagogy, personality.

As President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized in his meeting with a group of scientists and representatives of science on December 30, 2016: “The first stage in nurturing a generation of capable cadres is to radically improve school education, ensuring the continuity of the process of training scientific personnel and highly qualified specialists. We will spare no effort in this endeavor.” In this meeting, our President also highlighted the significant role of science in the development of all sectors of our economy, noting that the collaboration between science and production is especially critical for our state’s progress today.

The process of education is multifaceted, involving both internal and external (subjective and objective) factors that contribute to understanding the essence of education. Subjective factors help individuals comprehend their inner needs, interests, and life relationships, while objective factors create conditions for individuals to live, form, and positively resolve life problems. The success of the content, direction, and form of educational activities depends on how well they align with objective conditions, leading to success in shaping the individual. In organizing and managing the educational process, not only the teacher’s activities but also the student’s age, psychological characteristics, thoughts, and life views play a crucial role.

It is well-known that innovation is the ultimate outcome that, by applying new technological processes, approaches, or methods in a specific field or production, leads to greater success than before. Innovation, developed within the educational system, has significant importance as a new approach. It is promising for developing the content of education, arising from initiatives and innovations, and therefore always positively impacts the development of the educational system. Consequently, the teacher-educator organizes their activities creatively, striving to renew the form and content of the lesson each time based on new research and innovative approaches. The teacher applies their insights experimentally, analyzing the results to continue exploring and introducing innovations in the educational process, identifying and correcting shortcomings, and perfecting the process. Often, existing methodological perspectives and theoretical principles may not satisfy teachers. Indeed, the innovative pedagogical process demands that the teacher’s activities constantly evolve, improve, and enrich with new ideas. Regular acquisition and improvement of new knowledge, possessing creative abilities that meet modern requirements, is not only a demand of the educational process but also of society as a whole.

In nurturing the younger generation, the level of a teacher’s innovative preparation is one of the most important indicators of their professional qualification. In a teacher’s activities, innovation involves creating and applying advanced ideas, discovering innovations, and demonstrating the potential to introduce new elements in the process of improving the form and content of education. One of the most important tasks in this field is forming students’ creative, independent thinking, and the ability to achieve goals through conscious creative relationships.

Modern technology-enhanced lessons aim at encouraging students to independently seek, study, analyze, and even draw their conclusions from the knowledge they acquire. The teacher, in this process, facilitates the development and formation of the individual and the group, as well as their acquisition of knowledge and upbringing, while also fulfilling the role of a manager and guide. In such an educational process, the student becomes the central figure. Today, the use of pedagogical technologies in the educational and upbringing process of educational institutions is of particular importance for the following reasons:

1. Pedagogical technologies offer broad opportunities to implement developmental education, which is emphasized in the Law on Education.
2. Pedagogical technologies allow for the extensive implementation of a systematic activity approach in the educational and upbringing process.
3. Pedagogical technology encourages the teacher to design the entire technological chain of the educational process, starting from the goals to the diagnosis system and controlling the progress of the process.
4. Pedagogical technology, based on the use of new tools and information methods, demands that the teacher act as the main organizer or consultant in the process. This requires the teacher to exhibit more independence, creativity, and willpower qualities.

Lessons conducted based on pedagogical technology satisfy students’ need to express their attitudes towards important life achievements and problems, and provide opportunities to think and justify their points of view. In the current era of innovation, the educational system needs individuals who are capable of assimilating new information, evaluating the knowledge they acquire, and making necessary decisions independently and freely.

Therefore, the place and importance of modern teaching methods, interactive methods, and innovative technologies in the educational and upbringing process of educational institutions are incomparable. Knowledge and experience related to pedagogical technology and its application in education ensure that students become knowledgeable and skilled professionals.

Sevinchoy Shomurotova San’at qizi was born on August 5, 2004, in Shovot district, Xorazm region. She is currently studying at the Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, in the Faculty of Pedagogy, specializing in Primary Education.