Rashidova Shohsanam, 1st-year student, Faculty of Philology, DTP
INTRODUCTION
Ancient Greek literature occupies a unique place in the history of human thought. One of its highest peaks is the tragedy “Oedipus Rex” created by Sophocles. This work went far beyond its own era and became a universal masterpiece expressing the struggle between human destiny, will, reason, and fate. “King Oedipus” is not only a treasure of Greek culture but also one of the foundations of world dramaturgy. Aristotle, in his Poetics, considered “Oedipus Rex” the model of a perfect tragedy. This article analyzes the philosophical content of the tragedy “Oedipus Rex”, its dramatic structure, the problem of human destiny, and its significance in world literature.
MAIN PART
The History of Creation and Summary of the Work
Sophocles lived and created in the 5th century BC.
Philosophical Depth
The tragedy explores the complex relationship between fate and human will. Oedipus is intelligent and just, yet he reaches the destiny he wanted to escape. His tragedy is not only external but also internal—his spiritual struggle reveals the limits of human understanding.
Themes of sight and blindness also carry symbolic meaning: the blind prophet Tiresias “sees” the truth, while the physically sighted Oedipus is spiritually “blind.”
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Dramatic Structure
The play reflects the ideal tragic structure described by Aristotle. Each scene is built on strong dramatic conflict. The Chorus plays the role of the moral voice of society. The language is simple yet rich with symbolism, and the dialogues reveal the characters’ inner worlds.
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Oedipus – a Symbol of Truth-Seeking
Oedipus becomes a symbol of humanity’s endless desire for truth. Even when the truth is painful, he refuses to run from it. His tragedy is the tragedy of knowledge—the courage to know.
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Global Significance and Influence
The tragedy greatly influenced world culture and psychology. Freud’s “Oedipus complex” emerged directly from this myth. Existentialist thinkers such as Sartre and Camus, and poet T. S. Eliot, found deep philosophical meaning in the work.
Today the tragedy remains one of the most performed plays in world theatre.
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CONCLUSION
Sophocles’ “Oedipus Rex” is a masterpiece that searches for answers to humanity’s eternal questions. It reveals the conflict between human destiny, reason, belief, and the pursuit of truth. Through the figure of Oedipus, Sophocles invites humanity toward moral responsibility and the courage to know the truth.
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REFERENCES
1. Sophocles. Oedipus the King (translated from Greek). Tashkent: G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing, 1983.
2. Aristotle. Poetics. Tashkent: Fan Publishing, 1979.
3. Freud, S. Totem and Taboo. Theory of the Oedipus Complex. Moscow: Nauka, 1990.
4. Karimov, N. History of World Literature. Tashkent: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2008.
5. Tohliyev, B. Fundamentals of Literary Theory. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing, 2015.
Rashidova Shohsanam Alisher qizi Denov Tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti filalogiya fakulteti 1 -kurs
ABSTRACT: This article highlights one of the most pressing issues of the modern era: the problem of addiction to social networks and technologies and its impact on the human psyche. The study analyzes the psychological states arising from the excessive use of digital technologies and social networks, such as stress, decreased self-esteem, and depression.
Furthermore, it provides recommendations for preserving mental health through the rational use of social networks, proper time management, and adhering to specific rules. The results of this research could be beneficial for users of digital technologies.
Keywords: gadgets, mental health, social network, modern technologies.
АННОТАЦИЯ: В данной статье освещается одна из самых актуальных проблем современности: проблема зависимости от социальных сетей и технологий и ее влияние на психику человека. В исследовании анализируются психологические состояния, возникающие в результате чрезмерного использования цифровых технологий и социальных сетей, такие как стресс, снижение самооценки и депрессия.
Кроме того, даются рекомендации по сохранению психического здоровья через рациональное использование социальных сетей, правильное распределение времени и соблюдение определенных правил. Результаты данного исследования могут быть полезны для пользователей цифровых технологий.
Ключевые слова: гаджеты, психическое здоровье, социальная сеть, современные технологии.
ÖZET:Bu makale, modern çağın en acil sorunlarından birini, yani sosyal ağlara ve teknolojilere bağımlılık sorununu ve bunun insan psikolojisi üzerindeki etkisini ele almaktadır. Araştırma, dijital teknolojilerin ve sosyal ağların aşırı kullanımından kaynaklanan stres, öz saygıda azalma ve depresyon gibi psikolojik durumları analiz etmektedir.
Ayrıca, sosyal ağların akılcı kullanımı, doğru zaman yönetimi ve belirli kurallara uyulması yoluyla zihinsel sağlığın korunması için öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları dijital teknoloji kullanıcıları için faydalı olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: cihazlar, zihinsel sağlık, sosyal ağ, modern teknolojiler.
Introduction:
In the current era of rapid development, gadgets and social networks have become an integral part of our lives. These digital technologies hold a significant place both in the field of education and in our lifestyle. If we take a look at the term “social network,” it translates from English as “social network.” This term denotes a structure consisting of a group of social objects and the connections between them, and it was first introduced into society by James Barnes, a sociologist from the Manchester school, in the second half of the 20th century.
Each of us spends a large part of our daily lives with the internet network and mobile applications: we follow the news, connect with our friends and acquaintances, and acquire knowledge and information. As everyone knows, through social networks we can create content, access unlimited information, and have a platform for entertainment (music and movies), studying various sciences, and easily solving all our work-related problems. Among the applications included in social networks, the most popular ones today are: Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, Viber, Snapchat, as well as platforms specifically designed for teenagers, such as Ibrat Farzandlari and Mutolaa. These applications have many beneficial aspects, and the number of such applications is increasing daily. Speaking of their benefits, they provide opportunities for language learning, thorough acquisition of knowledge through online courses and video lessons, and information exchange through groups and channels.
Looking at the origin of social networks, we can see it through several examples. For instance, in the 1970s, the first email systems began to appear. This happened on October 2, 1971, with the first message sent to a remote computer, and the first users of this social network were military personnel on ARPANET. This was the first step towards the creation of the Internet and its networks. One of the applications whose user base is growing today is Pinterest. This platform is a media platform that allows users to add pictures online and organize them into thematic collections. Due to its artistic, beautiful design, Pinterest is particularly popular among women. Its founder is Ben Silbermann from West Des Moines, who founded the company of the same name in 2008. As of November 30, 2016, this site ranked 50th in the Alexa.com rating.
The role of social networks in our daily lives is undeniable. However, we cannot turn a blind eye to their dangerous aspects: social networks are stealing not only our precious time but also our mental health. Because these social networks are relatively new to our country, comprehensive research has not yet been fully conducted. But although these modern gadgets and platforms make our lives more convenient, their unlimited and uncontrolled use can also lead to psychological problems. Addiction to social networks gradually captures a person’s attention, time, and emotions, leading to feelings of loneliness, stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues.
Stress
In most cases, people try to find refuge in social networks to escape worries and stress. However, experts emphasize that using these platforms does not reduce stress but, on the contrary, can cause nervousness and stress. In an experimental trial involving 1800 volunteers, it was noted that in many cases, women spend more time on social networks than men. Therefore, stress, anxiety, mental state, and addiction are developing at a higher rate among women. Women tend to waste their time on trivial things. Instagram, where other people share things that affect stress and mental health, has been proven to be the biggest source of stress among applications. When women using this app see the lives of famous actresses or wealthy people, they form various thoughts and start wanting those around them to be like the people on social networks. Unfortunately, such situations also cause stress in some individuals.
Mental Health
The World Health Organization, explaining the concept of mental health, focuses on the following points:
Mental health is not merely the absence of mental illness.
Mental health is an integral part of health; there is no health without mental health.
Mental health is determined by a range of socio-economic, biological, and environmental factors.
Another study also notes that good and bad moods can spread among people through social networks.
In some cases, the time spent on social networks increases significantly due to the abundance of entertaining, superficial, and often unnecessary information. Such amusement and entertainment can also negatively impact a person’s health, as the sheer volume of large amounts of information often overloads the nervous system, causing a feeling of fatigue.
One might wonder, “What makes it so captivating?” The answer is that the people working on the functions of social networks strive to make them more interesting and diverse day by day, so that the person who logs in spends more time, spends money, and for similar reasons. Looking at research at this point, studies show that three billion people worldwide, 40 percent of the planet’s population, use social networks. Research indicates that on average, people spend about two hours a day on social networks. This kind of internet dependency is growing daily. This is becoming one of the biggest problems in the entire world.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it is important to emphasize that addiction to social networks and digital devices, which have become an inseparable part of modern life, poses a serious risk to human mental health. Research indicates that individuals who spend a significant amount of time on these platforms often experience conditions such as stress, low mood, and diminished self-confidence. Constantly observing the “perfect” lives of others fosters feelings of comparison and low self-esteem, which can lead to depression.
Furthermore, excessive addiction distances the individual from the real world, damaging their family and social relationships. Sleep disorders, difficulties with concentration, and constant distractions negatively impact their daily productivity.
Therefore, while leveraging the positive opportunities of digital technology, it is crucial to minimize its negative consequences. This requires time management, purposeful usage, and maintaining a healthy balance between the virtual world and real life. By balancing online activity with real-world interests and personal connections, it is possible to preserve mental health and make wise use of modern technologies.
References:
1. Yusupova, M. “The Impact of Social Networks on Individual Psychology” (scientific article).
2. “Social Media Addiction – An Epidemic of the 21st Century” – popular article (xabar.uz).
3. Rozimurodov, Otamurod Baxromovich (3rd-year student, Fergana State University).
4. Ahrorov, S. “Socio-Psychological Factors in the Manifestation of Social Media Addiction” (scientific article).
Peace is necessary for all, do not let it be a dream,
of unnecessary violence.
the light is for all, man is man’s wolf,
only love will give us the things that last,
take a trip into your soul.
Peace is required by children,
chaste pearls of the universe,
let us not fail them as humanity.
I want to shout to the seas pity for the innocent.
No mortal being can judge the sin of another,
have no right to take their lives for their ambition,
less revenge for past matters,
nor compel to believe what you do not want.
I call the world to a song of love to Palestine sacred land of god and love
I want to bring about peace with joy,
carry as a flag the respect to the earth,
loving beyond existence.
Silence
Before the veil, the body that was not, just a flash, the Essence without reason. A sea of calm, where the Being rests, immense peace, before being the thing.
The soul travels in light, weightless and without haste, knowing the Whole, without voice or currency. Home without walls, without time to measure, the eternal source of Life.
It is that moment, the subtle memory, where bliss becomes a path of complete being, of not needing. Peace is always, before beginning.
MY GENIUS SISTER
She draws the sky on paper with hands of light, with a soul of honey, her ideas fly like a sparrow, she weaves dreams with her heart, the wind whispers, the sea sings, her voice guides us, makes us think.
My genius sister, shooting star, brings peace where there is storm, her love teaches, her laughter gives, a new world where she will grow.
She plants books in every corner, and waters words, harvests reason, Her mind is fire, her soul a volcano, she awakens life in every place, she is a bridge and a lighthouse, calm and sun, her strength shines, her faith is her driving force.
I love you Jeanette, forever and ever.
FLOWER OF THE WORLD
A flower that perfumed my life with her kindness. Great teacher. Creator of peace, brilliant fairy who taught us to think of others, that was Jeannette’s legacy, her inheritance.
Thank you for existing eternally in our souls, because with a smile, you continue to give us calm, you loved Mexico and the world madly, and you made love a strong architecture.
As orphans, we feel like your siblings, only God knows how much we miss you, thank you for all the good you gave, for showing us that you overcame every obstacle.
Fernando José Martínez Alderete is a writer, poet, and theater actor. Born in Leon Guanajuato Mexico on April 21, 1977, Fernando studied the degree in communication within the Latin American University of Leon. He has written poetry from 14 years of age and published several of his writings in the most important newspapers in his hometown, cultural magazines California, Leon, Guanajuato capital and Zacatecas, USA. He is currently involved as administrator of various literary groups, publishing his poems in social networks, participating in various anthologies published in Black Island, Chile and stories in Madrid, Spain with poets of America and Europe, He has also recited their texts in radio programs in Montevideo, Chicago, Barcelona and Buenos Aires. He is the president of many cultural organizations.
Caleb Levin, Odin Vega, Lyla Randall in Fun Home; directed by Logan Ellis; photo by Marc J Franklin
Serious Playtime at Huntington Theater’s “Fun Home” November 14 – December 14, 2025
A serious yet playful reimagining of parental memory through surreal childhood dreams conflating with the imposition of adult reality
The winner of five Tony Awards including Best Musical, Fun Home is a beloved, groundbreaking, and soulful story of conceiving your parents by way of adult point of views. Constructed from Alison Bechdel’s best-selling graphic memoir, the musical unearths Alison through childhood, college, and adulthood as she decrypts her coming-out story, and her compounded relationship with an astute, labile, and closeted father. How have the mysteries of her father’s life shaped her own discernment of love and integration of her lesbian identity? With a lofty score by Jeanine Tesori and a terse, emotionally charged book by Lisa Kron, Fun Home is a mesmerizing, must-see theatrical experience, directed by Logan Ellis.
Among the multifarious thematic spirits of the unfeigned theatrical biographical missive ‘Fun Home’ (inspired by the popular comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For), which is a play on words meaning ‘Funeral Home’, is a rip roaring song and dance journey into a childhood past to come out soaring into the greater understanding of present day adulthood. It explores how we perceive our parents from our childhood perspectives and how we come to understand them better through adult introspection. Through the plays’ use of the musical genre, it was able to achieve magical dreamlike moments that may have otherwise proved to be a challenge. The main characters’ understanding of her mysterious complex and brilliant father left me feeling a need to understand his obscure sense of aloofness myself. His perhaps deliberately vague characterization left me with a queer desire to learn more about his enigma, much like the way some of us feel about our own fathers.
Amidst all the adult complexities of parental woes and domestic tensions, growing up, navigating college life while discovering her budding sexuality, the main characters constant presence on stage to explain in a literal sense the multitudinal stages of her life effectively kept the audience in on her private thoughts and youthful perspectives that kept spectators engaged and invested. I, for one, was really rooting for her and symbolically rooting for my own childhood self remembering the mysteries of my own parents and homelife. “Fun Home” alleviated the tense moments of the production with a hot handyman in tight seventies short shorts, awkward first dates and sexual encounters that conceivably made some uncomfortable, albeit in a “fun” sexy way.
This play speaks to the phenomena of children wanting to understand their parents better through childhood dreamlike imaginations, wishful thinking and adult realistic reflections conflating to give us a serious study of childhood understanding of adult relationships but in a “fun” way; thus consequently that’s a five out of five stars for me!
Lakshmi Kant Mukul is an Indian writer, poet, critic, rural historian and serious scholar of folk culture, born on 08 January 1973 in a rural family in Maira village, District Rohtas, Bihar province, India. His literary journey began in 1993 as a Hindi poet and since then, he has published three books in Hindi and has been published in more than two dozen anthologies and hundreds of journals. Apart from Hindi, he also writes extensively in Urdu and Bhojpuri and also translates them into English himself. His two published poetry collections are- “Lal Chonch Wale Panchhi” and “Ghis Raha Hai Dhan Ka Katora”. His published book on rural and local history is- “Yatrion Ke Najriye Mein Shahabad”.
He has received many awards for his work, including Aarambh Samman for his poetry writing in Hindi language, the prestigious Hindi Sevi Samman of Bihar Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. His English poetry has been published in many international anthologies and translated into many languages. The notable achievements of his literary career are – recognition as a farmer poet and expertise on the changes taking place in the rural environment in the global era. Having studied law, he has adopted the modern style of farming.
Postal address -LAKSHMI KANT MUKUL Village _ Maira, PO _ Saisar, SO _ Dhansoi, Buxar, Bihar [ INDIA] Mob.no._6202077236 Postcode – 802117 Email – kvimukul12111@gmail.com mob.no
Short biography: Amb. Dr. Priyanka Neogi from Coochbehar. She is an administrative Controller of United Nations PAF, librarian, CEO of Lio Messi International Property & Land Consultancy, international literacy worker, sports & peace promoter, dancer, singer, reciter, live telecaster, writer, editor, researcher, literary journalist, host, beauty queen, international coordinator of the Vijay Mission of Community Welfare Foundation of India.
