Education is one of the most important factors in a person’s life. It not only provides knowledge but also shapes the individual, defining their worldview and approach to life. The level of education in a society directly reflects its degree of development. Where there are educated people, progress occurs, ideas flourish, and solutions to problems are found.
Today, the field of education is no longer limited to traditional methods. Modern approaches, technologies, and interactive methods have become an integral part of the learning process. Students are no longer mere listeners; they actively engage in acquiring knowledge. This fosters independent thinking, analytical skills, and the ability to draw conclusions.
The main purpose of education is not simply to provide information. Its most important goal is to nurture responsible and conscious individuals who can find their place in life. Knowledge gained today may become outdated tomorrow, but a person who knows how to think can adapt to any circumstance. Therefore, special attention must be given to developing logical reasoning, creativity, and problem-solving skills within the educational process.
In this process, the teacher’s role is invaluable. A teacher is not just a professional delivering lessons but also a guide, mentor, and motivator. Their attitude, patience, and approach significantly influence the student’s future. For this reason, a teacher must continuously work on themselves, update their knowledge, and stay in sync with the times.
The development of information technologies has made education more accessible and open. Online classes, electronic resources, and digital platforms have expanded opportunities for learning. Education is no longer limited by space or time. However, proper use of technology is essential, as it should serve as a supportive tool while the primary goal remains human development.
Education and upbringing are inseparable concepts. Alongside knowledge, human values, respect, responsibility, and patriotism must also be cultivated. Otherwise, a knowledgeable but unprincipled person will not benefit society. Therefore, the educational process should be enriched not only with lessons but also through real-life examples and a positive environment.
Overall, education is the most important investment in the future. It brings a person to maturity, elevates society, and paves the way for progress. The more attention is given to education, the brighter the future will be.
Ismoilova Jasmina Shavkatjon qizi was born on May 2, 2009, in Navoiy Region. She is currently studying in the 10th grade at School No. 20 in Qiziltepa District, Navoiy Region. Throughout her education, she has actively participated in the curriculum and demonstrated outstanding achievements in various fields.
In December 2025, she received a “B+” certificate in the subject of Uzbek Language and Literature.
In August 2025, she was awarded the title of “Best Reader.”
In the same year, she earned more than 50 international certificates.
Her creative work has been indexed on Google.
She served as the leader of the “Girls’ Academy” in the “Children’s Movement Leaders Election” and received the “One-Star Trust Badge.”
She has consistently won 1st and 3rd places in various essay competitions.
She holds a membership certificate for volunteering from the “Golden Wing” team.
She is also a member of the Argentine Association of Science and Literature Writers.
Her journey, begun with enthusiasm and passion, has led to numerous achievements. In the future, she aspires to receive the “Zulfiya State Award” and continues to work diligently toward that goal.
The Impact of Family Conflicts and Divorce on Children’s Psychological State
Abstract
This scientific article discusses family conflicts and divorce. The main causes of divorce and disagreements include fathers’ betrayal toward their children and family, violence under the influence of alcohol, and avoidance of family responsibilities.
Keywords:
Family, divorce, family conflicts, violence, fatherless children, psychology of girls, social adaptation
Introduction
The family is one of the most important units of society. Its environment plays a significant role in the development of children as individuals. A healthy family is the foundation of a stable society. However, today, family conflicts and divorces cause serious psychological problems in society. These situations especially manifest in the mental and emotional state of children.
Although divorce is often assessed as a problem between husband and wife, it leaves deep and unforgettable marks in the lives of children.
Main Causes of Family Conflicts and Divorce
Experience shows that one of the main reasons for divorce is fathers’ insufficient understanding of their family responsibilities and their indifferent attitude toward them. A father in the family should be not only a material provider but also a moral support. In some cases, fathers’ negligence toward the family, betrayal, or defining everything by money undermines the atmosphere of trust in the household.
In addition, alcohol consumption is one of the factors that intensifies family conflicts. Violence arising under the influence of alcohol negatively affects not only the relationship between spouses but also the psychological state of children.
The Effect of Violence and Stress on Children’s Psychology
Children growing up in a violent family environment experience constant stress. Stress is the body’s response to negative external factors, and when prolonged, it negatively impacts the child’s physical development. Such children often have high levels of anxiety and fear, and their self-confidence is significantly reduced.
According to psychological research, children who witness family quarrels often experience:
Low self-esteem compared to peers
Difficulty in social adaptation
Persistent fear and anxiety
Psychosomatic and health-related psychological problems
These children struggle to express their thoughts freely.
The Psychological State of Fatherless Children
After divorce, in many cases, the father leaves the family, and children grow up without a father. Some children grow up without ever seeing their father. In such children, the internal need and longing for a father are strong, and sometimes even the sound of a door knocking sparks the hope that “maybe my father has come.” This reflects the unstable expectations and emotional void in the child’s inner world.
Fatherless children grow up craving affection. Mothers often try to give them love both as a mother and father, giving all they can, but a father’s love cannot be fully replaced. A father’s love is different and unique; every child has a personal place for the father that no one else can fill.
Fatherless girls often express themselves through education. Psychologically, girls who grow up without a father are forced to mature earlier. According to multiple studies, these girls demonstrate strong goal-oriented behavior. Among girls whose fathers left, the desire to support their mothers and make them happy is often very strong. Consequently, they strive for education, self-improvement, and earning a respected position in society. For them, knowledge is not only a means of development but also a tool to overcome life’s challenges.
At the same time, such girls have strong spiritual needs. Specifically, the need for a father’s moral support and prayers often remains unfulfilled. Receiving a father’s blessing (oq fotihasi) becomes a lifelong longing.
Conclusion
In conclusion, family conflicts and divorces represent a serious psychological issue for society. The greatest victims of these processes are children, who grow up with trust issues and health-related problems. In particular, girls who grow up without a father face greater challenges in life.
References
Scientific sources on family and psychology.
Articles on social psychology and the consequences of divorce.
A brief introduction about myself: My name is Orinboyeva Zarina. I was born on April 1, 2011, in Oqdaryo District, Samarkand Region. Currently, I am an 8th-grade student at School No. 43 in Oqdaryo District, Samarkand Region.
I have participated in numerous projects and competitions and am the holder of several international certificates. Twice, my creative work has been published in an American journal and once in the district newspaper. I have also participated in a conference in Germany and serve as a volunteer in Samarkand city.
For my creative works, I was awarded the “Hope of the Nation” badge. I also participated in the district stage of the Zulfiyakhonim Award. My creative works are indexed on Google, and I am a member of the Argentine Writers’ Association.
These achievements are just the beginning, Inshallah. I plan to continue developing myself and achieving many more accomplishments. I hope to present my creative works personally to our respected President one day. My ultimate goal is to become an outstanding journalist, admired and envied by all.
I, Nishonboyeva Shahnoza, was born on October 28, 2001, in Yangi Gulboq village of Mingbuloq district, Namangan region. The rural environment, sincere people, and a lifestyle based on hard work played a significant role in shaping my worldview. There are two sons and one daughter in our family, and I am the only daughter. This taught me from an early age to be responsible, patient, and determined in pursuing my goals.
The role of my parents in my life is invaluable. My father, Botirov Ma’murjon, was born on August 16, 1968. His diligence, honesty, and determination have always been a great example for me. My mother, Akbarova Gulchehra, was born on February 15, 1971. Her kindness, patience, and constant support have been the greatest foundation in helping me reach where I am today. The upbringing and confidence given by my parents encourage me to take bold steps in life.
Currently, I am a fourth-year student at Kokand State University, consistently striving to gain knowledge. During my student years, I have not limited myself to academic studies alone; I have worked on self-development and acquiring modern knowledge and skills. As a result of my efforts, I developed a strong interest in mental arithmetic. I earned certificates in this field and established a mental arithmetic course for children.
Today, the achievements of my students are my greatest accomplishment. Their enthusiasm for learning and every success they achieve give me even greater responsibility and inspiration. My main goal is to help my students reach higher levels, develop their potential, and contribute to their becoming globally recognized young individuals in the future. Along this path, I continue to learn, obtain new certificates, and expand my knowledge.
The role of my parents-in-law and my spouse in my achievements is also extremely significant. Their trust, constant assistance, and support give me the strength to overcome any difficulties.
Another important goal for my future is to work in a preschool educational institution and become a strong and experienced educator. Over time, I aspire to rise to the position of director, relying on my knowledge and experience, and achieve high results in the field of education. Of course, this path requires continuous hard work, self-improvement, and professional development. I am ready for it.
My life path is a journey of moving toward my dreams with determination and building the future through knowledge and hard work. I firmly believe that every effort and every day of hard work will eventually bear fruit. Because every step taken with dedication and faith leads toward a bright future.
Abdusaidova Jasmina was born on July 20, 2011, in Gallaorol District of Jizzakh Region. She is a young creative talent and aspiring writer who continues to actively pursue her artistic work. She has participated in numerous competitions and events, winning prestigious first, second, and third places.
From an early age, she developed a strong passion for learning and has tested herself in various fields and disciplines. She is the recipient of the “Best Leader” nomination award.
Her creative works have been published several times in the international newspapers Classico Opine and Kenya Times. They have also been featured on international platforms such as Atunis Galaxy Poetry (Albania), Alessandria Today (Italy), and SynchChaos (United States).
She serves as an ambassador for three international organizations in India. Her creative works are indexed on Google.
She actively participated in the creative festival titled “Mosaic of Nations – 8 Countries, 1 Stage, 1 Heart,” where she won first place and was awarded the “Ambassador of Friendship” badge.
She is also a member of the Writers’ Union of Argentina.
Alisher Navoiy and His Literary Heritage: His Unparalleled Place in Uzbek Literature
Abstract
Alisher Navoiy is one of the greatest figures in the history of Uzbek literature. His творчество not only made an immense contribution to the development of the Uzbek language but also had a profound influence on world literature. This article explores Alisher Navoiy’s life, literary heritage, philosophical views, most famous works, and historical significance. It also analyzes how Navoiy’s творчество is perceived in the modern era and how his works influence the thinking and worldview of contemporary readers. Navoiy is examined as a poet, thinker, and statesman, and his role in today’s cultural and spiritual heritage is evaluated.
Keywords: Alisher Navoiy, Uzbek literature, poetry, Fuzuli, love, Sufism, historical heritage
Introduction
Alisher Navoiy (1441–1501) is recognized as one of the greatest poets and literary figures of Central Asia. Born in the city of Herat (present-day Afghanistan), Navoiy had an unparalleled influence not only on Uzbek literature but also on the development of the entire Turkic and Persian literary traditions. The deep philosophical thought, spiritual meaning, and poetic mastery found in his works have been studied for centuries. This article provides a detailed analysis of Navoiy’s contribution to literature and culture, as well as his life, works, and philosophical views.
Main Part
1. Alisher Navoiy: His Life and Personality
Alisher Navoiy was born in 1441 in Herat, which was part of the Timurid Empire. Raised in an intellectually rich family, he studied literature, philosophy, logic, astronomy, and religious sciences from a young age. Despite living during a period of political instability, he served as a minister in the court of Sultan Husayn Bayqara.
Although he was a statesman, he paid great attention to the development of art, science, and literature, supporting many scholars and poets. His personality harmoniously combined the qualities of a politician, poet, and Sufi thinker.
2. Navoiy’s Works: The Harmony of Poetry and Philosophy
Alisher Navoiy was an extremely prolific writer, and his works cover a wide range of themes, including love, morality, justice, enlightenment, and spiritual perfection.
His most famous work is Khamsa (“The Quintet”), a collection of five epic poems, which includes:
Hayrat al-Abrar (“Wonder of the Righteous”) – a moral and philosophical work discussing virtue and the spiritual principles of society.
Farhad and Shirin – an epic devoted to tragic love.
Layli and Majnun – a famous love story symbolizing divine love and spiritual madness.
Sab’ai Sayyar (“Seven Planets”) – a work about enlightenment, justice, and governance.
Saddi Iskandari (“The Wall of Alexander”) – a poem devoted to wisdom, politics, and leadership.
Navoiy’s mastery of language, thought, and genre has ensured that his works remain valued not only in his own era but also today.
3. Sufism and Philosophy: The Foundation of Navoiy’s Worldview
One of the most important aspects of Navoiy’s творчество is Sufi philosophy. Sufism is based on the ideas of spiritual purification, closeness to God, and the cleansing of the soul.
In his work Muhabbatnama (“The Book of Love”), the concept of love is interpreted not only as a feeling between people but also as a spiritual path toward reaching the Creator.
For Navoiy, true love is the path that leads the soul toward perfection.
4. Navoiy and the Uzbek Literary Language
Although Navoiy wrote in two languages—Persian and Turkic (Chagatai)—his greatest contribution was elevating the Turkic language to a high literary level. During a time when Persian dominated literary expression, he deliberately wrote in Turkic and demonstrated its rich expressive possibilities.
By doing so, he laid a strong foundation for Uzbek literature.
5. Navoiy’s Legacy in Modern Literature and Thought
Even today, Alisher Navoiy’s творчество has not lost its relevance. His works have been translated into many languages and are studied worldwide. In Uzbekistan, February 9 is celebrated annually as “Navoiy Day.”
His ideas about justice, compassion, knowledge, and love remain an invaluable spiritual heritage for modern society.
Conclusion
Alisher Navoiy was not only a poet but also a great thinker, statesman, and spiritual leader whose influence has endured for centuries. The poetic beauty, philosophical depth, and spiritual values in his works continue to inspire humanity to reflect and to cultivate self-improvement.
Navoiy’s heritage is an invaluable treasure of the Uzbek people and an integral part of world culture.
References
Navoiy, A. (2013). Khamsa (Five Epics). Tashkent: Akademnashr.
Navoiy, A. (2011). Hayrat al-Abrar. Tashkent: Gafur Ghulom Publishing House.
Navoiy, A. (2012). Lison ut-Tayr. Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Sultonov, B. (2015). Alisher Navoiy and His Sufi Views. Tashkent: National Library of Uzbekistan.
Mahmudov, R. (2020). Alisher Navoiy: His Personality and Literary Heritage. Tashkent: Writers’ Union of Uzbekistan.
Komilov, N. (2001). Sufism. Tashkent: Movarounnahr.
Quronov, D. (2004). Introduction to Literary Studies. Tashkent: Akademnashr.
Ibrohimov, A. (2018). History of Uzbek Classical Literature. Tashkent: Fan and Technology.
Yoldoshev, M. (2016). Artistic Thinking in the Works of Alisher Navoiy. Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing.
Karimov, I. A. (1997). High Spirituality — An Invincible Force. Tashkent: Manaviyat.
This article analyzes the role of reading culture in the spiritual development of individuals, as well as the psychological and social significance of reading. It examines the impact of book reading on reducing stress levels, its contribution to the upbringing of the younger generation, and modern methods of promoting reading among youth. Furthermore, the article provides information about ongoing reforms, initiatives, and presidential decrees in our country aimed at developing reading as an effective means of enhancing spirituality.
Practical recommendations for improving reading efficiency are presented at the conclusion of the article.
One of the greatest miracles discovered in the course of human development is the book. It is not only a source of knowledge, but also a faithful companion that enriches a person’s inner world and gives strength to live and struggle. In today’s information-driven society, the role of books in shaping the spiritual worldview of young people has become more relevant than ever.
A book is humanity’s greatest victory over time and space. It is not merely a source of knowledge, but a spiritual bridge connecting the past and the future.
MAIN PART
1. Spiritual Nourishment and Personal Development
Just as a person needs food to satisfy physical needs, the human soul requires reading. Through books, individuals become acquainted with the cultures of different nations, the lives of historical figures, and the mysteries of the universe. This process broadens one’s worldview and teaches critical and comprehensive thinking.
Unfortunately, many private publications today lack proper standards and criteria. For them, the absence of standards becomes the standard, and the absence of ideas becomes the idea itself. One sometimes wonders whether the authors of immoral and entirely unnational adventures were truly raised in a national cultural environment. Do we not realize that even one bad film or book watched or read by many people can negatively affect their spirituality?
In this regard, our respected mentor Azamat Haydarov states: “Regarding film titles, first there was a movie called ‘The Outsider Groom.’ Later, even the bride became an outsider. There is now a need to reread Abdullah Qahhor’s famous work ‘Tales from the Past.’”
Open book stalls located in busy areas are far more effective than luxurious bookstores situated inside buildings. People who are extremely busy often find it difficult to visit bookstores located in less accessible areas unless they have a specific purpose. However, when book stalls are located along common routes, even casually browsing may inspire someone to purchase two or three books. Additionally, this approach creates employment opportunities, fosters a competitive environment, reduces book prices, and saves the large expenses required for constructing luxurious buildings.
Creating an Open Electronic City Library
If the best and most beneficial books were made freely available on a special platform with open Wi-Fi access for city residents, and if gamification elements were incorporated into the platform, more people would be encouraged to read. Rewarding the most active readers annually and recognizing them as the best readers of the city could serve as motivation and inspire especially young people to read more.
Public Events
A citywide Reading Day marathon could be organized, where people gather outdoors and read books together, similar to a cycling marathon.
A week-long mass book fair could also be held, during which mobile book stalls sell various books in designated parts of the city. During this week, new book presentations could be organized, the best books and readers of the year could be announced, and even carnival parades dedicated to book characters could take place.
Of course, we ourselves are the organizers of such initiatives and public events. As a student of Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, I can confidently say that reading promotion activities are conducted not only nationwide but also in our institute. In particular, our library’s book collection has been significantly enriched, and the material and technical base of the Information Resource Center is excellent.
2. The Psychological Impact of Reading (An Anti-Stress Tool)
Reading is not merely a method of obtaining information; it is also a means of healing and reshaping the human psyche. In psychology, there is even a concept called bibliotherapy (healing through books), which is widely used to improve mental well-being.
Modern medical and psychological research shows that reading has a positive impact on human health. Just 6–10 minutes of reading can normalize heart rate and reduce muscle tension by up to 68 percent. When immersed in the pages of a book, a person forgets daily worries and finds spiritual relaxation in another world.
Throughout all historical periods, reading has been the most effective way of personal development and expanding one’s worldview. Even in today’s era of globalization, it has not lost its importance.
An important fact: Reading helps a person overcome feelings of loneliness. Through “communication” with literary characters, individuals realize that they are not alone in their struggles.
3. Success and Statistics
A common characteristic of all great historical figures is their passionate love for reading. Reading sharpens thinking, enriches vocabulary, and improves fluency of speech.
In recent years, attention to reading in Uzbekistan has been elevated to the level of state policy. As a result of the “Young Reader” competitions, thousands of young people have returned to reading. According to statistics, although the publication of fiction in our country has tripled over the past five years, the time allocated to daily reading still lags behind that of developed countries such as Iceland and Norway.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Reading is not merely a way to spend free time; it is the most beneficial intellectual investment for the future. A personal library and regular reading are the only ways to preserve humanity and overcome spiritual poverty.
Practical Recommendation: If it is difficult to find time for reading, it is advisable to apply the “20-page rule.” By reading just 20 pages per day, a person can complete approximately 25–30 books per year. This is a number capable of completely transforming one’s life.
Recommendations
To further popularize reading in society, it is advisable to establish open electronic city libraries, incorporate gamification elements into specialized platforms, and introduce regular incentive systems for the most active readers. Only a generation that is closely connected with books can build a great future.
Social Reforms and Effectiveness
In Uzbekistan, raising reading culture to the level of state policy — particularly through the “Young Reader” competitions and the threefold increase in fiction publications — is a positive development. However, to reach international indicators such as those of Iceland and Norway, reading must become a daily habit and lifestyle.
In conclusion, reading is not merely a meaningful way to spend free time, but the only path to overcoming spiritual poverty and the most valuable intellectual investment for the future. A person who befriends books is capable of elevating not only their own life but also the spiritual image of society as a whole.
REFERENCES
Mirziyoyev, Sh. M. On the Program of Comprehensive Measures for the Development of the System of Publishing and Distribution of Book Products, Increasing and Promoting Reading Culture. Resolution No. PQ-3271, September 13, 2017.
Karimov, I. A. High Spirituality – An Invincible Force. Tashkent: Manaviyat Publishing House, 2008.
Hoshimov, O. The Book – A Lesson of Life. Collection of Articles. Tashkent: Sharq Publishing House, 2010.
Adler, M. How to Read a Book: A Guide to Intelligent Reading.
She was born on August 31, 2008, in Shahrisabz city, Qashqadaryo region. From an early age, she was curious about learning and had a strong interest in studying languages. Currently, she is a student at Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, majoring in Foreign Language and Literature. In addition, she holds several international certificates and is among the students who are passionate about reading.
The Path of Development of Amir Temur
Abstract
Amir Temur is regarded as one of the greatest figures who left a profound mark on Uzbek and world politics and civilization. Today, we clearly understand the significance of his rich experience in establishing a just system of state governance. This article discusses Amir Temur’s path of development, his state-building policy, and his reforms in the fields of education and the military. It also highlights the importance of The Code of Temur in public administration and its influence on the worldview of modern students. Furthermore, the article reveals Amir Temur’s role as a great statesman and the processes of development achieved through his policies.
Keywords: Amir Temur, political stability, Timurid state, activity, The Code of Temur, military reforms, education system, historical heritage, Babur, Samarkand, justice, rule of law, centralized state.
Main Part
Amir Temur: His Life and Personality
Amir Temur was born on April 9, 1336, in the village of Khoja Ilgor near Kesh. According to legends, he was born holding a clot of red blood in his hand, and his hair was said to be white like that of an elderly man. Such descriptions were even compared to stories about Genghis Khan.
From a young age, he mastered science, military arts, and archery, possessing a sharp memory and strong determination. His father, Amir Muhammad Taraghay, was from the Barlas clan of Turkic origin and was a respected and influential noble in Transoxiana.
In 1370, after defeating Amir Husayn, he ascended the throne in Samarkand as the ruler of all Transoxiana. He organized campaigns to the Golden Horde, the Ottoman Empire, India, and Iran, establishing a vast empire.
Timurid Military Art
The Timurid army was precisely organized in terms of numbers, its battle formations were well-developed, and it was equipped with the advanced weapons and military technology of its time. Military units were distinguished by their uniforms, banners, and standards.
Their strategies included destroying enemy defenses through various methods, launching sudden strikes on major cities, surrounding enemy forces on a large scale, and defeating them step by step.
Amir Temur and his descendants, especially Babur, made significant contributions to the development of world military art. This has been acknowledged by military specialists and commanders. Known as a great military leader and innovative organizer, Sahibqiran succeeded in creating a disciplined army, wisely managing troops during battles, overcoming obstacles with strategic skill, and maintaining high morale among his soldiers.
The Educational Renaissance during the Reign of Amir Temur
During the Timurid period, special attention was given to education, science, and culture as the foundation of a renaissance. Scholars, poets, and craftsmen were supported, and the development of science was elevated to the level of state policy.
In building a powerful state and enlightened society, Amir Temur relied on ancient Turkic statehood traditions and Islamic law. He deeply understood that the foundation of any development lies in a high-quality education system. Therefore, he first focused on properly establishing education and upbringing and raising the social status of educated and enlightened individuals. Educational institutions were established throughout major cities.
Historical sources indicate that there was a tradition of enrolling boys in school at the age of four years, four months, and four days, and primary education covered all cultural regions of the vast empire.
The Code of Temur
During Amir Temur’s lifetime, a special work entitled The Code of Temur was written, describing the principles of state governance. The work consists of two parts and is considered a priceless historical source of the Middle Ages.
It includes biographical information related to Temur’s life events, his views on military art, and descriptions of state structure and governance. The centralized and powerful state created by Amir Temur was established based on the invaluable principles contained in this work.
The main ideas of the book include:
Justice as the main pillar of the state;
Supremacy of law as equal for all;
A disciplined army as the guarantee of a strong state;
Wisdom and consultation as superior to violence;
Loyalty and diligence as the criteria for holding office.
The historical significance of this work lies in the fact that The Code of Temur is an important source for studying the history of statehood in Central Asia. It served as a political guide for many rulers. Even today, it provides valuable ideas about leadership, justice, and order.
Economic and Cultural Development
After establishing a large state, Amir Temur created conditions for the economic and cultural development of his country. Ancient traditions of past eras were revived in a new historical form. As Transoxiana became a center of trade, economy, and culture across the Near and Middle East, cities such as Samarkand, Kesh, Bukhara, Termez, Tashkent, and Merv flourished and were beautified.
Large buildings of mosques, madrasahs, mausoleums, caravanserais, and bathhouses were constructed. It became customary for every victory to be immortalized in architecture. In his construction activities, Amir Temur pursued specific political goals — the structures he built were meant to demonstrate the power and greatness of his empire.
Conclusion
Amir Temur occupies an important place in history not only as a powerful military commander but also as a great statesman who paved the way for development. His path of progress was achieved through the establishment of a strong state, just governance, and reliance on knowledge and enlightenment.
References
Amir Temur – A Great Military Commander and Statesman. Collection of materials from the Republican Scientific-Practical Conference. 2025, 420 pages.
