THE ROLE OF COGNATES IN LINGUISTICS: COGNATES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Khasanova Azizabonu

Uzbek State University of World Languages

Email: xasanovaazizakhon06@gmail.com

Abstract

Cognates play a very crucial role in every language’s linguistics. Therefore, when we want to learn some languages or compare ours to other languages we definitely come across them during our learning journey. The concept of cognates can be found in nearly all languages, since languages are interrelated and, in many instances, words are transferred or adapted from one language to another, resulting in the emergence of cognates.

Keywords: Modern information technologies, interactive learning, e-learning, digital transformation, education quality.

If the history of cognate is discussed, etymology dictionaries trace present-day words to the oldest forms available, establish their primary meanings and give the parent form reconstructed by means of the comparative-historical method. In case of borrowings they point out the immediate source of borrowing, its origin, and parallel forms in cognate languages.

1. Cognate awareness One method of building vocabulary among English-language learners whose language share capitalize on students’ first-language knowledge (August et al.2005). Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Students often can draw on their knowledge of words in their native language to figure out the meanings of cognates in English. Because of their common Latin and Greek roots, as well as the close connections between English and the Romance languages, English and Spanish share a large number of cognate pairs. Not only in Romance or English languages but also in Uzbek we can see some cognates

2. Cognates in English and Uzbek  languages          ENGLISH                UZBEK      EXPLANATION Radio    Radio Same form, same meaning. Taxi     Taxi Similar pronunciation  and meaning. Doctor     Doctor Similar pronunciation and same meaning .Video Video Same pronunciation and same meaning. Virus Virus same form, different pronunciation. Bank Bank Same form, same meaning Hacker Haker Slightly different form, same meaning (loanword from same root) Menu Menyu Different form, same pronunciation and meaning. Mini Mini Same form and meaning. Idea Ideya Different pronunciation, same meaning. Season Sezon Slightly different pronunciation, same meaning Zebra Zebra Same form, same meaning. Cobra Kobra Same form, same meaning. Museum Muzey Different pronunciation, same meaning.

Types of cognates in English language: Actually the main types of cognates are true cognates, near-perfect cognates and false cognates. In true cognates have a identical spelling and similar meaning, but in perfect cognates have slightly different spelling but similar meaning, in false cognates have similar spelling but different meaning. Some classifications also include accidental cognates (which are words that are similar by chance), and partial cognates (which are may share a root not all affixes.

Conclusion To sum up the findings, it is clear that English and Uzbek share many type of cognates that reflect cultural and linguistic exchange. Words such as radio, computer, virus ,taxi demonstrates how global communication and scientific progress have influenced modern vocabulary.

References1.R.S.Ginzburg.A modern course in modern English lexicology.2.Agniezska Otwinowska. Cognate vocabulary in language acquisition and Use. 3. https://semantjournals.org/index.php/AJBP. 4.Cognate in foreign language learning: A cognitive and Linguodidactic perspective  by  Natalia Oberste-Berghaus(2025) 5.uz.wikipedia.uz

Azizabonu Xasanova was born on November 22,2006 in Buloqboshi district, Andijan region. From 2013 to 2024, she studied at School No.43 specialized for English and Mathematics.She has achieved remarkable success in her studies and extracurricular activities. In 2022, she won a competition organized by the Muloqot channel, as a result of which her CEFR exam will be fully funded by the government.As a result, she successfully earned a B2 level certificate with a score of 58 points.

Currently, she is continuing her bachelor’s degree at the Uzbekistan State World Languages of University, majoring in English Philology. She participate in regularly in some projects like University Pride, Kitoblarim Yuzi and others. As a second year student She has successfully transitioned from a self-funded (contract) student to receiving a 50% university grant this year. This achievement not only reflects her academic excellence but also provides her with significant financial support to continue her studies more comfortably.

Azizabonu Xasanova is an enthusiastic student with a deep interest in languages and cultural communication.

Why People Remember Pain More Than Joy

Zamira Moldiyeva Bahodirovna, Student of English Filology Faculty,

UZSWLU.Email:zamiramoldiyeva219@gmail.com

Abstract: Human beings are emotional creatures, shaped not only by logic but also by feelings. Among all emotions, pain seems to stay in memory longer than joy. While moments of happiness are often bright but short-lived, painful experiences leave deep emotional and psychological traces that can last for years. This paper examines the biological, psychological, and social reasons why pain dominates human memory. It also explores how modern technology and lifestyle reinforce this tendency, and suggests ways to help people cultivate stronger, more lasting positive memories. Understanding this pattern is essential for improving emotional well-being and developing a more balanced perception of life.

Keywords: Pain, Joy, Human Memory, Psychology, Emotion, Neuroscience, Well-being

Introduction Every human being has both happy and painful memories. Yet, when we try to recall the past, painful experiences often appear sharper and more vivid than joyful ones. A simple question arises: why do we remember pain more than joy? Scientists, psychologists, and philosophers have long been interested in this phenomenon. From an evolutionary standpoint, pain plays an important survival role — it teaches us what to avoid.

For example, a person remembers the pain of touching a hot stove much longer than the pleasure of a warm meal. Psychologically, negative experiences create stronger emotional responses, which strengthen memory. Socially and emotionally, pain connects people through empathy and shared struggles, while happiness is often seen as personal and fleeting. This paper aims to discuss these aspects in detail — the biological reasons behind emotional memory, the emotional and social dimensions of pain, and the influence of modern society on how we remember and process our experiences.

Discussion 1. The Psychological and Biological Factors From a psychological perspective, the brain treats pain as a warning signal. According to research by Baumeister and colleagues (2001), negative experiences have a stronger impact on the brain because they trigger survival mechanisms. When a person experiences pain, the amygdala — the part of the brain that handles emotional processing — sends a powerful signal to the hippocampus, which then stores the memory more deeply. This means that even a single painful moment can form a permanent memory, while joy, which does not involve threat or fear, is stored more lightly. Furthermore, emotional pain and physical pain activate similar areas of the brain. When people recall a painful breakup or failure, the same brain regions that respond to physical injury become active. This overlap explains why emotional suffering feels so intense and long-lasting. Positive emotions, on the other hand, are often short and less urgent; the brain does not treat them as critical for survival.

2. The Emotional and Social Dimensions Pain also has a deep emotional and social meaning. When people experience loss, rejection, or failure, they often reflect deeply on it — trying to understand why it happened. This reflection leads to emotional learning but also strengthens the painful memory. Joy, however, is rarely examined with the same intensity. We celebrate, smile, and move on. Because we replay pain more often in our minds, it becomes stronger and more permanent. From a social perspective, pain can even create unity. People connect more easily over shared struggles than over shared happiness. Comforting someone, expressing empathy, or discussing hardships make emotional bonds deeper. Happiness, in contrast, is individual and temporary — it is felt but not always shared in depth. This difference also influences which memories our brains choose to preserve.

3. The Influence of Modern Life In today’s fast-paced, competitive, and digital world, our attention is constantly pulled toward negative information. Social media, for example, emphasizes perfection and comparison, which often increases feelings of inadequacy and emotional stress. News outlets focus on tragedies more than positive stories, training our minds to pay attention to pain. As a result, many people unconsciously strengthen their negative memories. When we constantly compare ourselves to others or worry about the future, we relive emotional pain again and again. Over time, this makes painful experiences even more powerful in memory. However, the human brain is flexible. Positive experiences can also become long-lasting if we learn to pay attention to them. Practicing gratitude, keeping a “happiness journal,” and focusing on the present moment can train the brain to store joyful experiences more deeply. Mindfulness and reflection can balance the emotional weight between pain and joy.

4. A Balanced View of Memory Remembering pain is not a weakness — it is part of being human. Pain teaches us caution, wisdom, and empathy. Yet, focusing only on painful memories can distort our perception of life. The healthiest approach is to remember both pain and joy equally. Pain shows where we have been, while joy shows where we can go. By consciously practicing positive recall — such as recalling moments of success, gratitude, and love — people can reshape their emotional memory.

Conclusion Pain remains stronger in memory because it protects us and helps us learn, while joy fades quickly because it poses no threat to our survival. Still, this natural imbalance can be corrected. Humans have the power to train their minds to remember positive emotions with equal strength. Cultivating gratitude, engaging in positive reflection, and surrounding oneself with uplifting people can all help in creating a more emotionally balanced memory. In essence, remembering pain more than joy is a sign of growth and awareness — but true wisdom lies in giving both emotions their place. Pain teaches us lessons, but joy gives us reasons to live them.

References:1. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323–370.2. LeDoux, J. (2012). The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Simon & Schuster.3. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.4. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Crown Publishers.5. Schacter, D. L. (1999). The seven sins of memory: Insights from psychology and cognitive neuroscience. American Psychologist, 54(3), 182–203.6. Siegel, D. J. (2012). The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. Guilford Press.7. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.

THE ROLE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION: ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES

Hoshimova Sevinch Uzbek State University of World Languages Email: sevinchh081@gmail.com

Abstract In the digital era, modern information technologies (MIT) have significantly transformed the education system. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of integrating MIT into education, analyzing its advantages and challenges. The study reviews existing literature and highlights key aspects such as interactive learning, global access to education, and innovative teaching methods. While MIT enhances student engagement and facilitates global collaboration, it also presents challenges such as reduced face-to-face interaction, information overload, and digital dependence. The paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing the use of MIT in education.

Keywords

Modern information technologies, interactive learning, e-learning, digital transformation, education quality.

The rapid development of modern information technologies (MIT) has profoundly influenced various sectors, including education. Digital tools, such as e-learning platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtual classrooms, have reshaped traditional learning methods. The implementation of these technologies in higher education aims to improve accessibility, engagement, and efficiency in the learning process. However, the increasing reliance on MIT also raises concerns regarding digital literacy, student motivation, and potential drawbacks such as screen dependency and misinformation. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of MIT’s role in education, evaluating both its benefits and challenges.

1. Theoretical Foundations of Modern Information Technologies in Education MIT encompasses various tools, including online learning platforms, multimedia content, and AI-based educational assistants. The integration of these technologies is grounded in several educational theories: Constructivist Learning Theory According to Vygotsky’s constructivist theory, learning is most effective when students actively construct knowledge through interaction. MIT facilitates this through interactive simulations, gamification, and real-time collaboration tools.

Connectivism Siemens introduced the connectivist learning model, which emphasizes the role of technology in knowledge acquisition. This theory suggests that learning occurs through networks, digital interactions, and global collaboration, making MIT an essential component of modern education. 

Cognitive Load Theory Sweller’s cognitive load theory highlights the importance of managing information processing capacity in learning. While MIT can enhance comprehension through multimedia and visualization, excessive digital content may lead to cognitive overload.2. Advantages of Modern Information Technologies in Education MIT provides various benefits in education, including: Enhanced Interactivity and Engagement Digital tools, such as augmented reality (AR) and AI-driven personalized learning, make the learning process more engaging. Studies show that multimedia-based instruction improves student retention rates.

Global Access to Education MIT enables access to quality education worldwide. Platforms like Coursera and edX provide free educational resources to students in remote areas, bridging the gap between developed and developing regions. Personalized Learning Paths Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms can tailor educational content based on individual student progress, making learning more effective. Efficient Assessment and Feedback Automated grading systems and real-time feedback tools help educators assess student performance more efficiently, reducing workload and improving educational quality.

3. Challenges and Limitations of Modern Information Technologies in Education Despite its advantages, MIT also presents several challenges: Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction The shift to online education may decrease personal communication between teachers and students, potentially affecting student engagement and motivation. Digital Divide and Inequality Not all students have equal access to digital resources. A lack of internet connectivity and technological infrastructure can widen educational disparities. Information Overload and Misinformation With vast amounts of online content, students may struggle to identify reliable information. Critical thinking and digital literacy skills are essential to navigate this challenge. Health Concerns and Screen Dependency Prolonged screen exposure can lead to health issues such as eye strain, mental fatigue, and decreased attention spans. Educators need to balance digital and traditional learning methods.

Conclusion Modern information technologies have revolutionized education by improving accessibility, engagement, and learning efficiency. However, their implementation also presents challenges that must be addressed through balanced digital strategies, digital literacy training, and a hybrid learning approach. Future research should focus on optimizing MIT’s role in personalized learning while minimizing its negative impacts on students’ cognitive and social development.

References 1.Selwyn, N. (2020). Education and technology: Key issues and debates. Bloomsbury Publishing.2.Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning.3.Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.4.Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem-solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science5.www.tuit.uz6. uz.wikipedia.uz

Sevinch Hoshimova Future Linguist | Project Coordinator | SMM Specialist

Sevinch Hoshimova is a motivated and creative student currently pursuing her bachelor’s degree at the Uzbek State University of World Languages, majoring in English Philology. As a second-year student, she actively combines her academic studies with social, educational, and leadership initiatives. She graduated from School No. 9 in Andijan district with an honorary gold medal for her outstanding academic performance.

Throughout her school and university life, Sevinch has been deeply involved in various projects as a coordinator, demonstrating strong organizational, teamwork, and communication skills. She has successfully completed an SMM (Social Media Marketing) course and earned a professional certificate, which has helped her manage and promote educational and youth-oriented projects effectively. Currently, Sevinch serves as a Coordinator of the “Qizlarjonlar” Club at her university, where she empowers young women through education, creativity, and leadership activities.

She is also an active member of the Youth Parliament Activity Team under the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) of Uzbekistan, contributing to youth development programs and civic initiatives. With a deep passion for language learning, education, and youth empowerment, Sevinch strives to become a linguist and social leader who promotes reading culture, innovation, and active citizenship among young people in Uzbekistan.

Children Without Parents

New houses, rows of luxury cars — at first glance, everything seems perfect. The family looks happy, birds are singing joyfully, as if thanking life itself. Inside one of these grand houses lived two children. To their friends, they seemed like the happiest kids in the world. After all, when your parents work in powerful state companies, when you live in mansions with servants who cook and wait for you after school — isn’t that happiness?

Their friends were still too young to understand that wealth, position, and luxury don’t define happiness. Maybe they just believed the lies those rich children told them. It was said that the family often dined together, played games, and went on trips every week. “Really?” thought their neighbor Khadicha, who knew the truth. The children could hardly remember the last time they saw their parents or ate together. Every morning at five, Ali and Lola woke up hoping to see their parents — but their father was away on another business trip, and their mother had gone out to meet friends or organize new events.

Even when she was home, she would tell the servants,> “If the kids ask, tell them I’m at work. I want to sleep in peace today — I have no time for their endless chatter.” The servants were shocked — so many people yearn for children, while these parents can’t spare even five minutes for theirs. Last Monday, the situation worsened. Ali won first place in the national stage of the “Young Reader” competition and even received a Chevrolet Cobalt as a prize. He wanted to gift it to his father and stayed up until 2 a.m. waiting. But his father never came.

When he finally returned in the morning, the driver excitedly told him the news. The father just smirked:> “A Cobalt? I could buy a thousand of them along with that silly contest. They chose him because of my wealth and influence.” The driver snapped:> “No, sir. They chose him for his knowledge and intellect — even officials’ children couldn’t win.” But the boss had already gone to bed, tired from his trip to Turkey. The driver was disgusted.

Those parents traveled the world, while their children were forgotten — no relatives visited, no love from their own parents. Only kind neighbor Khadicha sometimes took them to the park so they wouldn’t feel so lonely. In their parents’ eyes, the children were nothing but a burden. Life is cruel — some people long for children, while others take them for granted.> “If only kids could choose their parents…” thought the driver sadly.“

When we fail to appreciate God’s blessings, He can take them back.” He sighed, hoping:> “May this story end well.” But the truth remains — real wealth is peace, love, and family unity. When there is harmony at home, everything else can be earned later. No child should grow up deprived of love, forced to mature without ever feeling what childhood truly means.

____________________________________________________________________

Do All Stories End Well?

Since childhood, I loved one fairy tale my mother used to tell —> “There once lived a snake and a cat. The brave cat always fought the snake, but in the end, the snake devoured the cat.”

Every night, I asked my mother to tell it again, hoping that one day the ending would change — that the cat would win. But it never did.

That’s when I realized — not every story ends happily. Life is like an exam: the more you fall, the higher you can rise. One of my teachers once said:> “Life is like boiling water. Whether you want it or not, you’re thrown into it every day. If you don’t endure and trust the process, you’ll face even harder trials. Those hardships are gifts — they wash away your sins and test your patience. The more patient you are, the sweeter the reward.”

I understood — like gold purified by fire, humans too are refined through challenges. Gold must be heated thousands of degrees before it becomes beautiful jewelry — and we must face pain to become stronger. When I was younger, I couldn’t understand why adults got upset over small things. Now that I’m older, I finally do. Life is temporary, and stress causes most of our illnesses. Even our physical pain often begins with emotional pain. The human body is a miracle — everything inside is connected like clockwork.

A few years ago, I underwent laser eye surgery. After years of studying day and night for exams, I had strained my eyes and partially lost vision. When the surgery succeeded, and I saw the world clearly again — distant trees looked like they were right before me — I realized how little we value our blessings until we lose them. Whenever I feel sad, I remind myself:> “I can see, I can walk, I am healthy — I should be grateful.” Even hardships can be blessings in disguise. When something doesn’t go as planned, maybe it’s because something better awaits. We just don’t see it yet.

For example, when I was trying to get my driver’s license, I failed twice during the practical test. After months of preparation and money spent, I almost gave up. But on the third attempt, I passed. That’s when I learned — what’s truly yours will find its way to you, no matter how long it takes. In conclusion — every person faces such tests. What matters is not what we get from society, but what we give back to it. The key is to value what we already have — because if we don’t, it can be taken away.

And as for that childhood fairy tale —Not every story ends happily, because sometimes failure itself is the happiest ending — it’s what helps us grow. If you fall, rise again — stronger than before.

A LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

Davlatova Maftuna Sadriddin qizi

Andijan Regional Institute of Economics and Pedagogy 2nd-year student of Primary Education

ANNOTATION

The article focuses on the efforts made to develop tourism in Uzbekistan. It explains the stages of tourism development and emphasizes that the main progress was achieved during the first years of independence.

Keywords: tourism, development, practice, foundations, political and socio-economic importance, people, economy, industries, sphere of influence, the Great Silk Road

INTRODUCTION

At present, Uzbekistan is in the process of forming a national model of tourism. According to this model, the tourism market being developed in the country, like any other market, influences the socio-political and economic situation of the state. It also plays a crucial role in strengthening cooperation between countries and attracting investment and capital flows.

In countries with developed market economies, private and commercial companies mainly provide services to tourists. However, tourism can only develop if the state creates an optimal economic and legal foundation. If the state does not address issues such as professional training, environmental and cultural preservation, information promotion, and simplification of formalities, tourism cannot reach the desired level of development.

Therefore, the state’s role is vital in developing tourism, forming a tourism services market, reforming economic regulation mechanisms, improving organizational management structures, increasing export potential, and, most importantly, attracting foreign investment.

MAIN PART

The foundation of tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan was laid during the Soviet era. However, the distribution of income from this sector was controlled by the central government. From 1985 to 1989, the number of local and regional tourists was around 1.4–1.6 million, while foreign visitors numbered only 130–180 thousand.

By comparison, in 1985 Turkey received 1.5 million tourists, in 1992 — 7 million, and by 2003 — about 11 million. Hungary hosted 14.2 million tourists in 1981, and by 1991 this number increased to 19.1 million. In 1992, Uzbekistan offered only 27 types of tourism services to foreign visitors, while by 2003 this number rose to over 50. In contrast, countries like Turkey, Italy, and Spain offered 250–400 types of services.

After gaining independence, Uzbekistan made tourism development a national priority under the direct initiative of the President. The development of the tourism infrastructure can be divided into five stages: Stage 1 (1992)The establishment of the national company “Uzbektourism” marked the beginning of national tourism development.

Stage 2 (1993–1995)A national tourism development model was created. During this phase, new destinations were introduced, service quality improved, and the material-technical base expanded. “Uzbektourism” opened representative offices in Frankfurt (Germany), London (UK), New York (USA), Sharjah (UAE), and Moscow (Russia).

Stage 3 (1995–1997) Privatization began in the tourism sector. By early 1996, nearly 90% of facilities under “Uzbektourism” were privatized.

Stage 4 (1998)This period aimed to increase export capacity, stabilize currency flow, and align national tourism with international standards. Border, customs, and airport services were restructured to improve tourism infrastructure.

Stage 5 (1999–Present)The Presidential Decree “On the State Program for Tourism Development” laid a solid political and economic foundation for tourism. Tax incentives were granted to tourism companies, and a “Law on Tourism” was adopted, strengthening the legal framework of the industry.

RESULTS

Uzbekistan is currently divided into four main tourism regions: 1. Fergana region – archaeological sites, architectural monuments, traditional crafts, and industry. 2. Samarkand–Bukhara region – cultural and historical tourism centers.3. Tashkent region – business and international tourism hub. 4. Khorezm region – ancient historical heritage and eco-tourism.

The state plays a central role in improving the legal and economic foundations of tourism, simplifying the visa system, encouraging traditional goods production, and training professional personnel.

DISCUSSION

Today, tourism is one of the fastest-growing non-production sectors in the world, including in Uzbekistan. People increasingly seek to spend their leisure time effectively, restore their health, and learn about other nations’ traditions and values.

Since ancient times, the Great Silk Road has linked Asia and Europe, facilitating trade, knowledge, and cultural exchange. Even now, its historical significance continues through modern transportation and information networks. The “TRACECA” project and the revival of the Silk Road aim to establish trans-Asian transport routes connecting Japan, China, India, Uzbekistan, and Europe. This initiative enhances cooperation and creates new opportunities for tourism and economic growth.

Uzbekistan’s participation in the “Great Silk Road” tourism initiative, supported by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), contributes to international recognition and economic progress.

CONCLUSION

Ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan’s tourism infrastructure are yielding positive results. However, due to transitional economic challenges, some issues still remain. These will be addressed in future studies.

REFERENCES

1. Ibroimov, S. I., & Mirzarahimova, S. Z. (2021). Geographical Naming and Transcription. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 2(1), 789–798.2. Ibroimov, S. I. (2020). Methods of Assessing Students’ Knowledge in Geography Lessons. Academic Research in Educational Sciences, (4), 412–417.3. Rajabov, F. T., & Olimova, A. A. (2020). The Role of the Innovation Cluster in Solving Educational Problems (Based on Geography Teaching). Academic Research in Educational Sciences, (3), 697–702.4. Ibroimov, S. I., & Yusupova, G. K. (2021). Features of Organizing the Educational Process in Primary Classes (Example of Natural Science). Academic Research in Educational Sciences, 2(Special Issue 1), 370–378.5. Abdimurotov, O. U. (2021). Using the “Case Study” Method in Teaching the Eurasian Continent.

Maftuna Davlatova was born on January 24, 1997, in Andijan region. Currently, she is a bachelor’s student in the Primary Education Department at the Andijan Regional University of Economics and Pedagogy. During her studies, she has been paying special attention to continuous self-development and improving her knowledge and skills.

So far, she has been the winner of several national and international grants. Her research mainly focuses on desertification processes and climate change. Through her studies, she aims to highlight the importance of education and youth awareness in solving ecological problems. Her main future goal is to contribute to the development of a sustainable educational environment, the enhancement of ecological culture, and guiding the younger generation to adapt properly to climate change.

Shortcomings of Service Quality in Uzbekistan’s Tourism Sector

Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Master’s Degree, 2nd Year, Solijonova Dildorakhon Shakhobiddin girl

Introduction

In today’s era of globalization, the tourism sector plays a vital role in the economic and cultural life of countries around the world. Uzbekistan, being one of the countries with great potential in this sphere, has identified tourism development as one of its priority directions. The government has adopted a number of laws and decrees to create favorable conditions for tourists. However, a number of shortcomings related to the quality of services still hinder the full realization of the country’s tourism potential.

Main Part

1. Lack of qualified service personnel In many tourist zones of Uzbekistan, service providers — including guides, hotel, and restaurant staff — are not sufficiently trained to meet modern standards. In particular, the lack of foreign language knowledge and poor service ethics leave a negative impression on tourists. Consequently, this reduces the desire of foreign visitors to return to the country.

2. Underdeveloped infrastructure Tourism infrastructure includes hotels, transportation, communication systems, the internet, and banking services. Unfortunately, in some regions of Uzbekistan — especially in remote areas — this infrastructure is not yet fully developed. Poor road conditions and the absence of clear signposts cause inconvenience for tourists traveling to these destinations.

3. Weak service culture One of the most important aspects of tourism is service culture. Proper communication, polite behavior, discipline, and hygiene are among the main factors determining service quality. Unfortunately, in some places, this culture has not been properly formed or remains at a low level.

4. Imbalance between price and quality In many tourist services, prices are relatively high while quality remains low. This is especially evident in hotels and catering establishments, where there is a noticeable mismatch between cost and quality. Such a situation causes dissatisfaction among tourists and reduces competitiveness.

5. Limited use of digitalization and modern technologies In today’s digital age, tourism services must also be provided through internet and mobile technologies. However, many services are still offered in traditional ways. Online booking, virtual guiding, and electronic payment systems have not been fully introduced in most areas, which prevents meeting the needs of modern travelers.

Conclusion

Service quality is a key factor in ensuring the long-term success of Uzbekistan’s tourism sector. If the problems mentioned above are systematically addressed, the number of tourists will increase, and the country’s economy will significantly strengthen.

To achieve this, it is essential to implement the following measures: Improve the system of training and preparing service personnel; Modernize tourism infrastructure; Introduce digital services and technologies; Raise awareness of service culture among the local population.

Solutions and Required Skills for Improving Service

Quality

1. Enhancing staff qualification Solutions: Introduce practice-oriented programs in tourism colleges and universities; Organize foreign language courses (English, Russian, Chinese);Conduct training sessions on service ethics. Skills required: Knowledge of foreign languages; Communication skills; Hospitality and patience.2. Improving service culture

Solutions

Develop certified courses on “Service Culture” for tourism employees; Conduct trainings on customer communication and conflict-free service. Skills required: Courtesy and politeness; Effective communication; Problem-solving ability. Developing infrastructure

Solutions

Renovate roads, transport, toilets, and information centers in tourist areas; Provide access to Wi-Fi, ATMs, and terminals. Managerial skills required: Planning and project management; Collaboration with local authorities and the private sector. Implementing digital technologies

Solutions

Offer services via online booking, digital payments, and mobile applications; Create virtual guides and digital tourist maps. Skills required: Digital literacy; IT proficiency; Content creation (photo/video, blogs, mobile apps).

Ensuring price–quality balance

Solutions

Introduce transparent pricing and rating systems for service providers; Strengthen standardization and certification procedures. Skills required: Pricing and service planning

Quality control Engaging the local population Solutions: Encourage local participation in agro-tourism, eco-tourism, and homestay projects; Promote local culture and traditions as tourism products. Skills required: Cooperation and teamwork; Product development and promotion.

Final Conclusion

By implementing the above-mentioned solutions and skills in practice, it is possible to significantly improve the level of service quality in Uzbekistan’s tourism sector. This will not only enhance tourist satisfaction but also ensure sustainable economic growth through tourism.

References

1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Additional Measures for the Rapid Development of the Tourism Sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan” (PQ–4095, January 5, 2019).2. Official website of the State Committee for Tourism Development of Uzbekistan – https://uzbektourism.uz3.

Khodjayev, N. (2020). Issues of Developing Tourism Infrastructure in Uzbekistan. Journal of Economics and Innovative Technologies, No. 2.4. Karimova, S. (2021). The Role of Personnel Potential in Improving the Quality of Tourism Services. Tourism and Cultural Heritage Journal, No. 4.5. Turaev, B., & Jurayev, M. (2022). Use of Digital Technologies in Uzbekistan’s Tourism Services. Journal of Innovative Economy and Information Technologies, No. 3.6. WTO (World Tourism Organization). (2020). International Tourism Highlights. UNWTO Publications.7. Rustamov, D. (2019). Ways to Improve Service Quality. Socio-Economic Research Journal, No. 1.

By Zikrillo Latipov

9th-grade student, Qo‘shtepa district, Fergana region

It was a summer evening in the year 2050 when I first visited the Bank of the Future.

In place of the old bank buildings now stood tall glass towers, glowing with soft light and energy.

As soon as I stepped inside, a small flying robot approached me with a cheerful tone:

— Hello! I’m your personal assistant. How can I help you today?

I was so amazed that I stood silent for a moment.

In the past, people had to wait in long queues and fill out piles of forms at the bank.

But here, all I had to do was place my finger on a scanner — and immediately, my personal cabin opened before me.

Inside, a transparent screen displayed all my accounts, savings, and even the loans I could receive in the future.

The robot spoke again:

— Your money is not only safe here; it is also being used to support clean energy projects and children’s education.

I felt as if I had stepped into a fairy-tale world. Money was no longer just numbers — it had become a force for good, a tool to make society better.

What fascinated me most was that without even leaving the bank, I could enter a virtual world to manage my finances or instantly send money to my friends in other countries.

When I left the bank and looked up at the sky, a thought crossed my mind:

> “So, the banks of the future are not just about money — they are bridges that turn human dreams into reality.”