National and Cultural Features of Phraseological Units in the Uzbek Language

Kokand University, Andijan Branch
Faculty of Philology and Language Teaching
Uzbek Language, Group 25-07, 1st Year Student
Habibullayeva Laylokhon Zarifjon kizi

Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilidagi frazeologizmlarning milliy-madaniy xususiyatlari, ularning xalq tafakkuri, qadriyatlari va turmush tarzi bilan uzviy bog‘liqligi tahlil etiladi. Frazeologik birliklarning mazmunida xalqning mentaliteti, tarixiy tajribasi, urf-odat va an’analari aks etgani ilmiy asosda yoritiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada o‘zbek tilidagi barqaror iboralarning badiiy-estetik va ma’naviy yuklamasi, ularning xalq og‘zaki ijodi hamda milliy o‘zlikni ifodalashdagi o‘rni misollar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, frazeologizmlar o‘zbek xalqining dunyoqarashi, axloqiy mezonlari va madaniy boyligini namoyon etuvchi muhim til birliklari sifatida baholanadi.

Kalit so‘zlar: frazeologizm, milliy madaniyat, xalq tafakkuri, qadriyat, mentalitet, an’ana, o‘zlik, til, badiiy ifoda.

Annotation:
This article analyzes the national and cultural features of phraseologisms in the Uzbek language and their close connection with the people’s mentality, values, and way of life. It is scientifically substantiated that the meanings of phraseological units reflect the historical experience, traditions, and worldview of the Uzbek people. The article also examines the artistic, aesthetic, and spiritual significance of stable expressions in Uzbek, illustrating their role in folk creativity and in expressing national identity. The research concludes that phraseologisms are important linguistic units that represent the worldview, moral principles, and cultural richness of the Uzbek nation.

Keywords: phraseologism, national culture, folk mentality, values, mentality, tradition, identity, language, artistic expression.

Аннотация:
В данной статье анализируются национально-культурные особенности фразеологизмов в узбекском языке, их тесная связь с народным менталитетом, ценностями и образом жизни. Научно обосновано, что в значении фразеологических единиц отражаются исторический опыт, традиции и мировоззрение узбекского народа. В статье рассматриваются художественно-эстетическая и духовная значимость устойчивых выражений, их роль в устном народном творчестве и выражении национальной самобытности. В результате исследования установлено, что фразеологизмы являются важными языковыми единицами, отражающими мировоззрение, моральные принципы и культурное богатство узбекского народа.
Ключевые слова: фразеологизм, национальная культура, народное мышление, ценности, менталитет, традиции, самобытность, язык, художественное выражение.

INTRODUCTION
The language of every nation is its spiritual wealth and an expression of its mentality. Through language, a nation reflects its worldview, traditions, and historical lifestyle. In this regard, phraseology is considered one of the brightest examples of national thinking and culture. Phraseological units in the Uzbek language also deeply reflect the lifestyle, values, and psychology of the Uzbek people. Expressing a simple idea through phraseology gives speech imagery and expressiveness. Nowadays, their usage has become common in social networks, memes, and advertisements. For example, the phrase “to disconnect from the Internet” is understood as being left behind from news or trends.

Many linguists have thoroughly studied Uzbek phraseology. For instance, Sh. Rahmatullayev is one of the founders of Uzbek phraseology. He compiled the Explanatory Dictionary of Uzbek Phraseological Units and developed the theoretical foundations of phraseology. N. Mahmudov conducted research on the role of phraseological units in literary language and their national-cultural aspects.

Phraseological units of the Uzbek language are linguistic elements that reflect the nation’s history and way of life. The contribution of the above-mentioned scholars is invaluable in the scientific study of these expressions.
The main purpose of this article is to study the national-cultural features of Uzbek phraseological units and analyze their usage on artificial intelligence platforms.

MAIN PART
At the beginning of the 20th century, phraseological units began to be studied as a separate field of linguistics. The general theoretical issues of phraseology were first investigated by the French linguist Charles Bally. In his works, Charles Bally systematized word combinations and, based on their meanings and syntactic features, referred to the stable combinations used as a whole as phraseological units.¹ According to Sh. Rahmatullayev, many expressions originate from ancient Turkic languages and have preserved their meanings to this day. In the studies of E. Begmatov and M. Mirtojiyev, the lifestyle, values, traditions, and mentality of the Uzbek people are revealed through phraseological units. Phraseological units are closely connected with the life, values, and national-cultural characteristics of the people. They enrich the artistic expressive possibilities of the language and add expressiveness, imagery, and national spirit to speech.

Review of sources used
During the preparation of this article, several scientific sources related to issues of phraseology were utilized. In her research, M. Asqarova provides detailed information about the lexical-semantic features of Uzbek phraseological units, their structural types, and their role in the language. The scholar’s views served as an important source in shaping the theoretical foundations of phraseology. Based on her scientific views, phraseological units represent the richest layer of the people’s language and culture, embodying their spiritual world, lifestyle, and national-cultural characteristics.

As a result of the works of A. Madlayeva and A. Hojiyev, phraseology has been recognized as a separate branch of Uzbek linguistics. The structure, meaning, types, and grammatical features of phraseological units have been clearly defined.
Use of Phraseological Units on Artificial Intelligence Platforms
In today’s era of globalization, artificial intelligence and digital technologies are creating new interpretations of linguistic units. Platforms such as ChatGPT, Google, and DeepL work with phraseological units during translation, processing, and text analysis. However, the national color of language is most vividly expressed through phraseology itself. Artificial intelligence often translates phraseological units literally or interprets them incorrectly. Therefore, deep linguistic knowledge is required to correctly identify and contextually translate phraseological expressions.

For example, phraseological units such as “miyasi qotmoq” (to be confused), “kallasiga keltirmoq” (to realize), “tishi o’tmoq” (to become experienced) may be translated by AI literally as “freeze of brain”, “bring to head”, or “tooth becomes sharp”. This leads to distortion of meaning.
That is why, in the process of integrating phraseological units into AI platforms, the following aspects must be taken into account:
historical formation of the expression connection with national mentality semantic field usage contexts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, phraseological units are the richest layer of a nation’s worldview, cultural memory, and mentality. They create imagery in language, give speech a national spirit, and express meaning more strongly. Since the 20th century, phraseology has developed as an independent scientific field in Uzbek linguistics and continues to develop consistently even today. In the modern digital era, the correct application of phraseological units on artificial intelligence platforms is becoming increasingly relevant. This process plays an important scientific and practical role in correctly integrating the richness of the Uzbek language into the global information space, preserving the national linguistic heritage, and transferring the cultural spirit of the people to future generations.

References
Shirvonova, Z. A. (2023). Dissertation. Termiz.
Rahmatullayev, Sh. (1978). Modern Uzbek Literary Language. Tashkent: O‘quvchi.
Ma’rufov, Z. M. (1981). Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language. Moscow: Russian Language Publishing.
Khodjaeva, Sh. R. Article.
Rahmatullayev, Sh. (2006). Modern Uzbek Language. Tashkent: University Publishing.
Abdurahmonov, G. On the Modern Uzbek Language. Tashkent.

MODERN DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN EDUCATION

Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and.                      Pedagogica Faculty of Philology
Philology and Teaching Languages:                               Uzbek Language   1st-year student
Rashidova Shohsanam 
sohsanam719@gmail.com 

Abstract: This article discusses the modern development processes of the Uzbek language, the internal and external factors influencing its evolution, and the role of the language in the educational system. The study analyzes how the digital age affects linguistic changes, innovations in youth speech, and modern approaches applied in teaching Uzbek. The article also examines the importance of the Uzbek language in the development of society and highlights urgent issues related to its preservation and improvement.

Keywords: Uzbek language, education, language development, modern approaches, digital era, linguistic culture.

The spiritual world of a nation, its worldview, and historical memory are reflected, first of all, in its language. The Uzbek language, with its ancient history and rich lexical and grammatical system, is one of the most valuable cultural assets of our people. In today’s era of globalization and rapid technological progress, the development of language is accelerating, acquiring new forms and content.

Particularly, changes in youth communication, the influence of digital technologies, and modernization in the education system show that the Uzbek language is entering a new stage of development.
For students specializing in philology, it is essential to understand these processes thoroughly, analyze them scientifically, and convey accurate knowledge of the language to future generations. Therefore, this topic is highly relevant today.

Main Part

Modern Development Tendencies of the Uzbek Language
Throughout its history, the Uzbek language has undergone several evolutionary phases, with unique changes in each period. In the current age of globalization, the transformation of the language has become more dynamic.

Recent years show the following noticeable trends:

Expansion of the Lexicon

Technological, economic, and educational innovations are enriching the Uzbek vocabulary. Examples include digital sphere: online, mobile app, scanner, platform economics: startup, investment, competitiveness education: media literacy, interactive methods, credit-module system. These changes demonstrate the language’s adaptability to modern life.

Growth of Internet-based Vocabulary
Young people actively use social media and online terminology, leading to the widespread usage of words such as: like, trend, repost, channel, content, etc. While natural, this trend increases the need to preserve linguistic norms and cultural correctness.

Simplification in pronunciation and grammar
In spoken speech, many words are pronounced in shortened or simplified forms, for example:
“bo‘lyapti → boptimi”,“borayapsan → borvossan”.Linguists consider this part of the dynamic development of speech.

The Role of the Uzbek Language in Education

Teaching the Uzbek language goes beyond grammar; it shapes students’ thinking, communication skills, and cultural awareness. The educational process faces several important tasks:
Applying modern pedagogical technologies Today’s education effectively uses multimedia tools, electronic resources, and online platforms. These help to: increase student engagement, develop independent thinking, make learning more interesting.

Developing speech culture

Knowing the language is not enough; one must use it correctly and elegantly. Therefore, the following aspects require attention: correct pronunciation, expanding vocabulary, mastering literary norms, reducing unnecessary slang in speech.

National values and language

The Uzbek language reflects national identity, traditions, and the wisdom of ancestors. Literary works, folklore, and historical sources form an inseparable part of language education. Thus, connecting language classes with national values is essential.

New Opportunities in Teaching Uzbek in the Digital Era

Digital tools significantly increase the effectiveness of language learning. For example: audio and video materials improve pronunciation, interactive tests boost student participation,
online dictionaries enrich vocabulary, applications make lessons more engaging. For teachers, digital tools also provide advantages such as electronic lesson plans, online assessments, and multimedia-supported teaching.

Conclusion

The Uzbek language today is developing rapidly, synthesizing ancient traditions with modern innovations. While digital technologies enrich the language with new expressions and opportunities, protecting its literary norms and national essence remains a crucial task. Improving the methodology of teaching Uzbek, applying new pedagogical technologies, and cultivating students’ speech culture are among the most important objectives of modern education.
Language is the spirit of the nation. Preserving and developing it is the responsibility of each of us.

                  References

1. Karimov N. Issues of Uzbek Language Development. Tashkent: Fan, 2020.
2. Yuldoshev A. Introduction to Linguistics. Tashkent, 2019.
3. Qodirova D. Methodology of Teaching the Uzbek Language. Tashkent, 2021.
4. Mamajonov M. Digital Era and Language Culture. Samarkand, 2022.
5. Kholmatov O. Foundations of Modern Linguistics. Tashkent, 2020.

Gratitude


under the bright tree

in its shadow we sip wine

listening to birdsongs 



not for the presents 

but for the muffled quiet

of fresh fallen snow



I set an extra plate 

the candlelight flickers twice

her presence or draft



grilled eel feast

the stray cat licks 

its empty bowl 



second helping 

on the plate

summer cuisine

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING THE RIGHT CAREER

Dilnoza Bekmurodova Navruzbekovna
Student of the Presidential School in Karshi, Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan
Email address: dilnozabekmurodova89@gramil.com

Abstract
This article discusses the importance of choosing the right career in human life. It focuses on the social, psychological, and personal factors that influence career choice and highlights why this decision is crucial for young people. The article emphasizes the significance of aligning one’s interests and abilities to find a meaningful path, analyzes the consequences of poor career decisions, and explores how the right career choice leads to success and personal fulfillment. In the modern world, career choice has become one of the most decisive factors not only for individual happiness but also for
social and economic development.

Keywords
Career, choice, ability, goal, interest, success, motivation, decision-making, future, artificial intelligence, responsibility, life path, self-development, society, opportunity, independent thinking.

Introduction
One of the most important decisions in a person’s life is choosing a career. Every individual defines their future, social standing, and success through their professional path. Therefore, the right career choice plays a crucial role not only in one’s personal life but also in the development of society as a whole. Today, with the rapid
advancement of technology, the digital economy, and artificial intelligence, the global labor market is changing dramatically. New professions are emerging, while many traditional ones are gradually disappearing. In this context, it is vital for young people to
choose careers that align with both modern demands and their own interests.

Thus, making the right career choice means consciously building one’s future, realizing personal potential, and taking responsibility for one’s own life. A career is not only a means of earning a living but also a way of self-discovery, achieving dreams, and contributing to social progress.

Main Body
Research shows that the number of people dissatisfied with their professions or working in fields that do not match their abilities is increasing worldwide. Statistical data indicates that about 66% of workers have career regrets — mostly due to poor career
choices, lack of motivation, and job dissatisfaction — which often lead to stress, burnout, and decreased productivity. Many people make incorrect career decisions early in life and end up working in areas that do not bring them fulfillment. Therefore, proper career selection has become not only a personal necessity but also a social priority.

Studies also suggest that individuals who choose careers aligned with their interests and strengths are 70% more satisfied with their jobs and demonstrate up to 1.5 times higher productivity. This shows that self-awareness is the key factor in successful career
planning. A person must understand their talents, passions, and values to evaluate which professional path best fits them. For instance, creative individuals often thrive in art, design, or media fields, while analytical thinkers may excel in technology or scientific
research.

Labor market demand also plays a critical role. According to the Future of Jobs Report 2025, the most in-demand professions in the coming years will include artificial intelligence and data analysis experts, software developers, environmental specialists, cybersecurity professionals, and healthcare workers. Meanwhile, automation is leading to the gradual decline of roles such as cashiers, clerical staff, and data entry operators. This transformation highlights the necessity for individuals to adapt, reskill, and continuously develop new competencies to remain competitive.

Gender-based differences also remain a major issue in the global job market. Current data reveals that 72% of men participate in the workforce, compared to only 47% of women. This gap underscores the need to ensure equal opportunities and promote women’s education and professional development. Research shows that when women’s participation in the workforce increases, a country’s GDP and overall economic growth also rise significantly.

To choose the right career, individuals should follow several essential steps. First, self- assessment is necessary to identify personal strengths, values, and areas of interest. Second, one should research current and future labor market trends to understand which
professions offer stability and growth. Gaining practical experience through internships, volunteer work, and mentorship programs is also vital to test one’s abilities in real-world settings. Moreover, consulting career counselors and taking personality or career aptitude tests (such as Holland’s or MBTI) can help make informed decisions.

In today’s world, success depends on continuous learning, flexibility, and adaptability. As new technologies reshape industries, traditional professions are disappearing while new ones emerge. Therefore, individuals must choose careers not only for today but also for the future. When personal interests, social needs, and market demands intersect, a person achieves both material success and emotional fulfillment.

Conclusion
In conclusion, choosing the right career is one of the most important and responsible decisions in life. A well-chosen profession leads to psychological stability, financial independence, and overall life satisfaction. Conversely, a poor career choice can result
in unemployment, stress, and dissatisfaction. Therefore, career decisions should be made thoughtfully—through self-reflection, experience, and awareness of future opportunities.

In the modern world, the greatest wealth is adaptability and lifelong learning. When individuals find their true path, they not only shape their own destiny but also contribute to the prosperity and progress of society.

Dilnoza Bekmurodova Navroʻzbekovna – 13 years old, born on January 31, 2012. Currently, she is a 7th grade student at the Presidential School in Karshi, Kashkadarya region, Republic of Uzbekistan. Dilnoza is interested in writing poetry, reading books, drawing, and making things. She has been interested in creativity since the age of seven, and has been writing poems and various creative works. Currently, her creative works have been published in several international magazines. One of her biggest dreams for the future is to open her own educational center, travel to many countries, and publish her author’s works. She is very interested in learning languages, and currently knows two more languages.

References

1. Coursera. (2025). The 10 Most Popular College Majors. Retrieved from https://www.coursera.org/articles/most-popular-college-majors
2. BestColleges. (2025). The 10 Most Popular College Majors. Retrieved from https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/most-popular-college-majors
3. World Economic Forum. (2025). Future of Jobs Report 2025: Jobs of the Future and Skills You Need to Get Them. Retrieved from
   https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/future-of-jobs-report-2025
4. International Labour Organization (ILO). The Gender Gap in Employment: What’s Holding Women Back? Retrieved from https://webapps.ilo.org/infostories/en- gb/stories/employment/barriers-women
5. OECD. (2025). Retaining Talent at All Ages. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org
6. UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). (2025). Data for Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from https://uis.unesco.org
7. Forbes. (2025). 66% of Workers Have Career Regrets—How to Avoid Being One of Them. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com
8. Harvard Business Review (HBR). (2025). The Key to Choosing the Right Career. Retrieved from https://www.hbr.org
9. Inc. Magazine. (2025). Why 99 Percent of People Choose the Wrong Career Path. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com
10. Debra Smouse. (2025). Career Selection Simplified: How to Choose the Right Profession. Retrieved from https://www.debrasmouse.com
11. Kun.uz. (2025). Trends in Career Choice among Uzbek Youth. Retrieved from https://kun.uz
12. Jizzakh State University (JDU). (2025). Scientific Analyses on Career Choice.
13. Bukhara State University (BuxDU). (2025). Modern Approaches to Professional Orientation.

Sidewalk 

Jerome Berglund (italic) 

Christina Chin (plain) 

sandpipers—

season it

by eye

hamaguri clam 

with a pinch of salt 

adorable,

wish were ours…

pink flowers

the seabreeze lulls

a hammock dream

catching sun’s rays

teabag on bank

of the curb

hidden in twilight

a little cuckoo

—————————————————————-

hit and run

i remember when my father

told the sheriff’s deputy that

i was driving his ford bronco

that just had the hit and run

accident

that’s why i was in the bathroom

shaving, trying to hide my identity

little did that dumb fuck know

i knew the deputy

she asked me one question

where does your father usually

hang his coat

i told her usually by the door

but this time he took it to his room

she said thank you and then went

and arrested my father

i called my mother, who was at

a nursing conference an hour away

and told her that her oldest child

is going to jail

she asked what did i do

i told her not me, the dumb fuck

you are married to

i’m pretty sure i only talked

to my father once after that

that was more than enough

————————————————————-

these lonely streets (for jeff buckley)

drowning in tears

joy, pain, there’s

not that much of

a difference

anymore

a moment of silence

for all the lost souls

that still ramble these

lonely streets

just another old man

still clutching to the

faint brilliance of

the past

slowly dying under the

pressure of tomorrow

freedom

the ability to die

as you wish

her eyes glisten

as she knows there

won’t be many more

nights like this

offer apologies

buy never say

never

let the silence haunt

every last memory

——————————————————–

they all want to save you

it starts as a dull ache

a temptation for the

shotgun in the corner

a dirty old floor at

the farm you should

have died on

stuck in the suburbs

wondering which

wrong turn left

you here

and they all want

to save you just

on their terms

not in the time

frame that you

have left

people don’t like

talking about death

you put too much

into the universe

you know what

happens

yeah

wake, piss, eat, drink,

rinse, repeat day after

fucking day

always respected

the ones that never

wanted to live past

their expiration date

none of us ever

should

———————————————————

domestic bliss

a dirty pair

of underwear

hanging off

a branch of

a tree

tornado?

or did someone

cheat on their

wife?

again?

welcome to

the midwest

———————————————————–

must be the holidays

the merchants of death

are at it again

must be the holidays

as much as i can feel

every part of my body

breaking down

the spirit is what

i’m worried about

that will to live

the last flame before

death takes over the

body

there’s a faint whisper

in the back of my head

telling me to hang on

there’s a light at the

end of the tunnel

insert train joke here

and i know i am better

off than most of the world

but that isn’t some great

achievement in my eyes

swimming in debt

fighting off sharks

not exactly how i thought

the glory years would go

now the words want

to play hide and seek

and people wonder why

so many take their own

lives

J.J. Campbell (1976 – ?) is an old soul that still scrapes by each day. He’s a 3 time Best of The Net nominee and a two time Pushcart Prize nominee. He’s been published for 30 years now, most recently at Disturb the Universe Magazine, The Beatnik Cowboy, Crossroads Magazine, The Rye Whiskey Review and Misfit Magazine. He spends most of his time taking care of his disabled mother. In any seconds of free time, he’s probably placing a bet on some soccer game overseas. He still has a blog, although he rarely has time to write on it. (https://evildelights.blogspot.com)

My immortal melody 

When they ask me

I might take shelter in silence.

I might shed a tear

I might clink my glass to get everyone’s attention 

And yet…. 

I would say, he was a wider-than-life dream.

His dream spanned realms beyond sight,

yet the gravest disappointments assailed his heart.

Neither his scrawny horse is strong enough. 

Nor does his wooden sword do any good.

The songs of enthusiasm, too.

have fallen silent, for it is useless.

I would say that the wind has defeated his resolution,

As swayed by his whims.

His ship is lost

And the sea, so they say, is treacherous.

Who can foretell his death?

And the shark is open-mouthed

I will say, the vast wilds still bear 

the traces of his footsteps.

Planting false hope.

Here, a banner.

There, a surreal painting

Even on the mirage 

Hummed the murmur of the water

I’d say he was a mythical being.

Perhaps only in the imagination.