Aren’t his graying hairs proof enough of his toll?
So we lack nothing, he gives all he can,
His hands are worn, scarred, and bruised.
Without pause he runs, a tireless man,
Yet never complains — his pure heart’s not abused.
Oh life, and what about my mother dear,
Why bring sorrow to her gentle soul?
She worked hard, shared her wisdom clear,
Surely joy is her rightful goal?
Oh life, just look at my parents both,
They fulfilled every wish I ever spoke.
If I wanted fancy clothes, they’d say “yes”,
While they themselves wore old, torn cloaks.
So that I wouldn’t lack, when I had asked,
You gave more than enough — my shield, my dad.
“Protect your honor, know your worth,” you’d say,
With teary eyes, my mother would guide my way.
If I were a man, I’d help with the chores,
Even if not much, I’d do something more.
But now — I only ask, this and that,
My troubles I tell you in an endless chat.
In this world, I’m truly in your debt,
May God grant you a long life yet.
Your service to me — I can never repay,
Even if I walked you to Hajj all the way.
My shield, dear father, purest mother mine,
This debt I owe — I know I’ll never unwind.
But if God wills it, in the life to come,
All my blessings I’ll give you — every one!
Elbekova Shohsanam Ne’matjon qizi. Born on July 31, 2002 in the Namangan district of the Namangan region. She graduated from secondary school No. 22 in the district, then from the Uzbek language department of Namangan State University. Currently, she is a 1st-year master’s student at the Namangan State Pedagogical Institute. She has been familiar with poetry and literature since childhood. To date, her poetry collections “Nurli manzil”, “Ayol madhi” have been published. Her poems and articles on various topics are regularly covered in the media. Shohsanam’s goal is to become an accomplished specialist in her profession and share her useful knowledge with the future generation.
UROLOGICAL DISEASES AND THEIR MEDICAL TREATMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE SCIENTIFIC REVIEW
Anorov Sirojiddin Nozimjon o’g’li
A student of the Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University
Abstract: This comprehensive review explores common urological conditions—urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), kidney stones, neurogenic bladder, and urological fibrosis syndromes—and their evidence-based medical and minimally invasive treatments. We summarize current pharmacological therapies, endo-urologic procedures, and emerging interventions while highlighting prevention strategies and future research directions.
Introduction: Urological diseases significantly impact global health, affecting over 26 million individuals annually and causing more than \$11 billion in healthcare expenditures.Effective management of these conditions is critical to improving patient quality of life and reducing the burden on health systems.
COMMON UROLOGICAL DISEASES & THEIR MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
UTIs remain one of the most common infections in primary and hospital care, especially in women
Antibiotic therapy: remains first-line but contributes to increasing antimicrobial resistance
Non-antibiotic adjuncts(cranberry products, D-mannose, probiotics, NSAIDs, estrogens, immunotherapy) show promise but evidence lacks to fully replace antibiotics
Probiotics: with anti-inflammatory and microbiome-modulating effects, are gaining attention for UTI prevention and recurrence reduction .
Urinary Incontinence: Urinary incontinence (UI) encompasses stress, urge, overflow, and functional types and significantly impairs quality of life.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): BPH affects >60% of men over 50 and causes lower urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, weak flow, and nocturia.
α1-blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) and 5α-reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) are first-line therapies.
Minimally invasive procedures: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) offers symptomatic relief with fewer complications, though with higher retreatment rates than TURP.
Surgical gold standard: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is highly effective, albeit with risks.
Kidney stones are commonly managed with non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches:
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the standard therapy for stones <20 mm, achieving 80–85% success, with risks of renal hematoma and trauma.
Adjunct α-blockers post-ESWL enhance stone passage.
Endoscopic and percutaneous options** include ureteroscopy, laser lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy .
Neurogenic Bladder
Neurogenic bladder arises from neurological disorders (spinal injury, MS, Parkinson’s) and causes retention, incontinence, recurrent UTIs, stones, and renal damag .
Management involves clean intermittent catheterization, behavioral interventions, botulinum toxin injections, antimuscarinics, and surgical reconstruction for refractory cases .
Urological Fibrosis Disorders: Conditions such as Peyronie’s disease and urethral strictures involve fibrotic scarring.
Antifibrotic agents (collagenase injections, mitomycin C, verapamil, interferon) reduce fibrosis and recurrence, with collagenase (CCH) approved for Peyronie’s disease.
CONCLUSION: Urological disorders span infections, functional dysfunction, obstructive, calculi, neurogenic, and fibrotic etiologies. Treatment strategies range from lifestyle modification and antibiotics to pharmacotherapy, minimally invasive procedures, advanced surgeries, and emerging therapies like robotics and tissue engineering. A multidisciplinary, evidence-based, patient‑centered approach is essential to optimize outcomes, enhance quality of life, and reduce health-care costs.
REFERENCES:
1. Das et al. Probiotics in common urological conditions: narrative review.
2. Systematic review on antifibrotics in urology. *PubMed*
3. Non-antibiotic UTI prevention.
4. Leite G. Multidisciplinary treatment of urological syndromes.
5. Kidney stone disease – ESWL overview.
6. Endo-urology and stone management. *Urology PMC*
7. Urinary incontinence management.
8. Urological health in women – prevention. *J Womens Health PMC*
IRMA KURTI is an Albanian poet, writer, lyricist, journalist, and translator and has been writing since she was a child. She is a naturalized Italian and lives in Bergamo, Italy. Kurti has won numerous literary prizes and awards in Albania, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, USA, Philippines, Lebanon and China. She was awarded the Universum Donna International Prize IX Edition 2013 for Literature and received a lifetime nomination as an Ambassador of Peace by the University of Peace, Italian Switzerland. In 2020, she became the honorary president of WikiPoesia, the encyclopedia of poetry. In 2021, she was awarded the title of Liria (Freedom) by the Italian-Albanian community in Italy. She received the Leonardo da Vinci and Giacomo Leopardi prizes from the Chimera Arte Contemporanea Cultural Association of Lecce. The same association also honored her with the European Ambassador Award and named her the Best Poet of the Year in 2022.
She received the Grazia Deledda medal and diploma of merit from the National Committee of WikiPoesia on the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great Italian poet. In 2023 she was awarded a Career Award from the Universum Academy Switzerland.
Irma Kurti is a member of the jury for several literary competitions in Italy. She is also a translator for the Ithaca Foundation in Spain.
Irma Kurti has published more than 100 works, including books of poetry, fiction and translations. She is one of the most translated and published Albanian poets. Her books have been translated and published in 21 countries.
Why Are Study Abroad Semesters Valuable for Students?
Meaning of These Programs – What Are They?
A study abroad semester is a life-changing experience – but how exactly?
Costs, Challenges, and Requirements
Nowadays, there are many foreign citizens in my country. Are they just tourists? Not quite. Today we see young people coming from abroad to various parts of our country. The reason is the global student exchange program. This program has a long history and began to develop in the 20th century. It was created to promote cultural and scientific cooperation between countries. A student exchange program allows students to temporarily study at a different university abroad. Through it, students gain knowledge and experience.
Historically, the United States was one of the first countries where such programs became popular, beginning with the Fulbright Program. One of the most well-known is the ERASMUS program – the oldest student exchange program in Europe, launched in 1987. Germany later developed its own version, with the DAAD program starting in 1925. These programs are highly popular among young people.
Experiences of Students:
Many students report positive experiences with exchange programs. Jabboraliev O., who studies at Kuala Lumpur University in Malaysia, said: “I expanded my professional experience through the exchange program. That’s why I’ve worked in many areas of my field.” This shows that exchange programs offer career benefits too.
Dilafruz, a student who studied in Japan, said: “My verbal communication improved significantly.” In particular, her ability to express herself in Japanese grew. This proves students can also benefit linguistically from exchange programs.
Advantages of Student Exchange Programs:
Exchange programs offer many benefits. Students gain new knowledge and boost their academic progress. But that’s not all. Studying abroad helps develop important personal skills, such as:
– Intercultural Competence: Students learn to understand and respect cultural differences by engaging directly with people from diverse backgrounds.
– Independence: Living in a foreign country forces students to organize daily life independently – from housing to daily routines.
– Language Skills: Constant exposure to a foreign language helps students improve their language proficiency.
– Better Career Opportunities: Employers value international experience, which signals flexibility and adaptability.
Challenges:
Of course, there are also difficulties. Many students face the following challenges when moving abroad:
– Financial Issues: Living abroad can be expensive. Students often need scholarships or part-time jobs.
– Different Education Systems: Learning methods may differ from those in the home country, requiring students to adapt.
– Cultural Differences: Adapting to new customs and traditions can be tough in a foreign country.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, student exchange programs are an excellent opportunity for young people to gain international experience, explore other cultures, and improve both academically and professionally. They help students adjust to new environments and foster mutual understanding between cultures.
During the program, students learn how to navigate life in a foreign country, speak new languages, and enhance communication skills. These experiences are valuable in today’s world and can improve future career prospects. Additionally, students form international connections that may benefit them later.
Despite the challenges, such as financial burdens, housing issues, or differences in education systems, these very obstacles help students become more independent and adaptable.
Overall, exchange programs are a key component of global education. They not only help young people expand their knowledge but also support personal growth. International exchange strengthens relationships between countries and universities. Therefore, such programs should continue to be supported so more students can benefit.
Oyatillo Jabboraliev was born in Fergana region. He is a student at Xiamen University in Malaysia.
Konstantinos FaHs has another article published following up on his Synchronized Chaos pieces about ancient Greek myths and their continuing role in modern Hellenic culture. He’d like to share his piece in The Rhythm of Vietnam,which is a Vietnamese magazine with a mission that seems similar to our own.
Also, disabled contributor, lyric essayist, and ALS activist Katrina Byrd suffered hurricane damage to her home and seeks support to rebuild and make ends meet while she’s getting ready to move. Whatever folks can contribute will make a real difference.
Now, for our new issue: Chaos Does Not Exclude Love. The reverse of a phrase from a review of Elwin Cotman’s urban fantasy collection discussing how Cotman’s work was from a loving place yet made room for the complexity of the world. At Synchronized Chaos, we are intimately acquainted with the world’s nuance and chaos, yet we see and find room for empathy and connection.
Neven Duzevic reflects on travel memories and reconnecting with an old friend. Dr. Perwaiz Shaharyar speaks to the awesome and transformative power of romantic love. Dr. Prasanna Kumar Dalai reflects upon the intensity of romantic feelings. Duane Vorhees speaks to loneliness and heartbreak and sensuality and various forms of human-ness. Kristy Raines speaks to the beauty of love and the tragedy of heartbreak.
Harper Chan reflects on his bravado and the reality of his feelings in the past year. Mickey Corrigan’s poetry shows how psychological and cultural shifts and traumas can manifest in our bodies. Abigail George speaks to how support from friends and family and a commitment to live in the present rather than reliving old traumas can help those addicted to drugs. Alan Catlin mixes cultural memories and touchstones with personal and societal losses.
Vo Thi Nhu Mai offers up a poetic tribute to the international vision of fellow poet Eva Petropolou Lianou. Greek poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou interviews Bangladeshi poet S. Afrose on how she hopes poetry and joint exploration through literary sci-fi will obliterate the need for war. Dr. Jernail Singh laments that morality and compassion have become passe to a generation obsessed with modernity and personal success. Priyanka Neogi speaks to the beauty of carrying oneself with noble character. Maria Koulovou Roumelioti urges us to remember the world’s children and create love and peace as Anwar Rahim reminds us to live with kindness and courage.
Mykyta Ryzhykh speculates on whether love can continue to exist amidst war. Haroon Rashid pays tribute to Indian political leader Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who loved peace but led through strength. Christine Poythress reflects on how easy it is for a once-proud and free nation to slide into fascism simply by admiring the fascist aesthetic and its seductive power. Ahmed Miqdad renders a global tragedy in simple terms: he’s too scared to go back to his home in Gaza to water his cactus plant.
Lili Lang probes the meaning behind things that seem simple: the work of a hairdresser, a family packing up the belongings of a recently deceased grandmother.
Mahmudova Sohibaxon offers up a tribute to dependable and caring fathers. J.J. Campbell writes of the visceral love and physical work of aging and caregiving, of inhabiting an elderly and a middle-aged body. Taylor Dibbert’s poetic speaker embraces age with joy, thrilled to still be alive. Bill Tope crafts an expansive and welcoming vision of perfection that can welcome more types of people and bodies as Ambrose George urges the world to maintain an open mind towards gender roles and identities.
Leslie Lisbona pays tribute to her deceased mother by writing a letter catching her up on family news. Stephen Jarrell Williams considers endings and beginnings and the possibility of renewal. Asma’u Sulaiman speaks to being lost and then found in life. Cheng Yong’s poetry addresses ways we hide from each other and ourselves, physically and psychologically. Mahbub Alam wishes for a romantic connection that can extend and endure beyond Earth. Dibyangana’s poetry touches on love, grief, and personal metamorphosis. Mely Ratkovic writes of spiritual contemplation and the nature of good and evil. Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa describes souls who turn away from greed and evil and heal, in smaller and larger ways. Christopher Bernard suggests that creativity and storytelling might play a part in what makes life worth enduring.
Brian Barbeito speculates about intention and communication with the universe. Svetlana Rostova speculates on what spirituality might mean in the face of a seemingly indifferent world. Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumnova’s piece conveys spiritual ecstasy, love, and beauty.
Sandro Piedrahita’s story highlights the power of enduring and sacrificial spiritual devotion in the midst of our human-ness.
Paul Durand reflects on teaching first-grade music in a time of hatred and divisiveness. Su Yun collects the thoughts and observations of a whole selection of schoolchildren in China about nature and their world.
Jibril Mohammed Usman shares a photograph of a person looking into nature, at one with and part of his world, altered in the same way as the trees and house. Mark Young’s geographies play with and explore Australia from new angles, turning maps into works of art.
Odina Bahodirova argues for the relevance of philology as an academic discipline because of its role in preserving cultural wisdom encoded in language and the ability of students to understand and think critically about language. Sevinch Shukurova explores the role of code-switching as a pedagogical tool in language learning. Surayo Nosirova shares the power of an educator giving a struggling student tutoring and a second chance. Nozima Zioydilloyeva celebrates Uzbekistan’s cultural accomplishments and women’s education within her home country. Marjona Mardonova honors the history of the learned Jadid Uzbek modernizers.
Nazeem Aziz recollects Bangladeshi history and celebrates their fights for freedom and national identity. Poet Hua Ai speaks to people’s basic longings to live, to be seen and heard. Leif Ingram-Bunn speaks to hypocrisy and self-righteousness on behalf of those who would silence him, and self-assertion on his part as a wounded but brave, worthy child of God.
Z.I. Mahmud traces the mythic and the heroic from Tolkien to Harry Potter. Poet Hua Ai, interviewed by editor Cristina Deptula, also wonders about the stories we tell ourselves. She speculates through her work about what in the human condition is mandatory for survival and what is learned behavior that could be unlearned with changing times.
Synchronized Chaos contains many of the stories we tell ourselves about ourselves and our world. We hope you enjoy and learn from the narrative!
Bemoaned
The dripping drizzle of first summer dawn
The leftover pansies bloomed to its core
I sang my morning symphonies
Under the Greenberg oak
The saddle of lost promised land
The beaded sanctuary
Waiting to be engulfed
A waning stormy moon
To questions and narrated agonies
A sea storm rained over
Purging silhouettes under it's dark cavern
It bemoaned a devilish streak
As if hanging under the churches of revelation
The green oaked smile
Spoke to me
Its hands are gripping wet a cement of laugh
A lull under the southern choir.
