Observation of Blood (previously published in The Lake)
Today, the museum closes its doors early, waiting; how much of the night’s bleakness seeps into it, enjoying the dark corridors. The Indian tents with pointed frames, like spears of bone, stand pierced in the empty lobby, lonely, waiting; how the winter wind cuts through it. As the cold artifacts of the museum catch the outside glow, the carnivalesque slaughter brings laughter to civilization.
Denver’s rain is absent and dry, the natives of the Arapaho meditate on the sacred mountain when the invaders come. I watch how blood spreads— past and present—and death favors their flesh, buried under black moonlight by fire and sword. Left with sword marks, they dye the river bend with blood, winding like red silk; now it leaves collections lying in the museum of darkness. Their bones cannot be read, as their residues are covered under the ash of death.
Inside or out, there is no sweetness— only the salty taste of blood. The truth sinks and vanishes; as for the sleeping city folks, the moon is clear tonight.
They Came （It was published Cathexis Northwest Press）
Tuol Sleng like a poisonous flower exhaling a piercing venom.
The palm trees swayed beneath the faltering shadow, a procession of bones
—the dead— labeled as intellectuals.
They came like a gust of wind, They came like a herd of wild beasts. They came slaughter upon slaughter, cursing Tuol Sleng, damning its streets and rivers.
They regarded themselves as fanatical idealists, But never, made the place a paradise. Passion torched it into a fiery hell.
They came with frantic lusts. They came to Cambodia— its flesh drenched in rouge.
When Tuol Sleng opened, Moonlight buried people in a sunken pit of earth.
None to cry those words: “ They came!”
Yucheng Tao is an international student from China, currently studying songwriting in Los Angeles. His work has been featured in Wild Court (UK), The Lake (UK), Red Ogre Review (UK), Cathexis Northwest Press, and NonBinary Review (which includes an interview). His poems have passed into the semifinalist round of the Winds of Asia Award by Kinsman Quarterly, and many poems and fiction have been published in Yellow Mama, Apocalypse Confidential, Waymark Literary Magazine, Ink Nest, The Arcanist, Synchronized Chaos, Down in the Dirt, Academy of the Heart and Mind, and others.
Problems and Analysis Methods of Translation Practice in the Exercise
Andijan Davlar Institute of Foreign Languages
4th Printing Student: Gafurova Mahbuba
mahbubaalisherovna@gmail.com
+998946812826
Supervisor: Kadirova Nargiza
Annotation. This article discusses in detail a wide range of problems in translation practice, the reasons for their origin and methods of analysis. In particular, the grammatical, lexical, stylistic and cultural differences between the Uzbek and German languages affect the translation process, and what scientific methods should be used to overcome these differences. On the basis of the leading ideas of translation theory, practical and theoretical approaches are analyzed, the qualifications, skills and strategies necessary for the translator are discussed.
Keywords. Translation practice, translation theory, German language, Uzbek language, methods of analysis, grammatical differences, lexical differences, cultural differences, pragmatic differences, linguistic approach, cultural approach, functional equivalence, transcription.
Translation has been one of the most important tools of intercultural communication throughout human history. Today, the role of translation is becoming more and more important as global connections in science, technology, literature, politics, and other fields increase. Translation has become not only a means of transferring information between languages, but also of transferring spiritual and social values from one culture to another. The structure of the Uzbek language and the German language, the style of expression, and the cultural basis differ significantly. These differences create many difficulties in the translation process. A translator must translate not only literally, but also correctly convey its meaning, style, cultural context, communicative purpose. The article comprehensively analyzes the problems encountered in translation practice and proposes solutions based on modern scientific methods.
The main problems of translation practice. Lexical problems. There are significant differences between the vocabulary and lexical structures of the Uzbek and German languages. Whereas in Uzbek a word often has many meanings, in German there is a specific expression for each meaning. For example, the Uzbek verb “to see” denotes a general action and is used in different contexts: to see (with an eye), to see (to experiment), to see (to meet). In German, various verbs are used for these cases, such as sehen (to see with the eye), erleben (to experiment), sich treffen (to meet). The translator should analyze the context in depth and choose the appropriate option. Problems are also common in the translation of phraseological units. Phraseologisms often have a cultural basis in German and appear strange or incomprehensible in German when translated directly. For example, expressions such as “Heartbreak” should be conveyed in translation with an appropriate equivalent or annotation.
Grammar problems. Differences in grammatical systems create many problems in the translation process. Uzbek language is an agglutinatable language, and grammatical meanings are expressed by suffixes. In German, there are genders of nouns (masculine, feminine, neutral) and are designated by the articles. In Uzbek, the basic structure of a sentence is simple (I went to school), whereas in German the word order is based on a strict rule (Ich bin zur Schule gegangen). Secondary verbs and auxiliary verbs are used a lot in the sentence. In German, the form of nouns and articles change (der Tisch – den Tisch, dem Tisch and so on) if more pronouncements are indicated in Uzbek.
Such discrepancies require structural adaptations and grammatical transformations in translation.
Stylistic problems. Uzbek literary style is characterized by softer, more emotionally rich expressions. In German, on the other hand, the emphasis is on expressing clearly, concisely, and logically. It takes great skill to find their functional equivalent when translating into German poetic metaphors, exaggerations, means of expression, which are often used in Uzbek literature or in everyday speech. Otherwise, the translation may look dry and artificial. Also, many expressions used in the Uzbek language as part of respect and manners are divided into formal or informal forms in German (via the forms Sie and du). Choosing the right level will ensure the accuracy of the translation and its appropriateness to the context.
Cultural and pragmatic issues. Fundamental differences between Uzbek and German cultures are often noticed in the translation process. For example, in Uzbek culture special respect is given to adults and requires a lot of care in speech. In German society, however, the principle of equality is stronger, and this is also noticeable in the tone of speech. Since religious and national realities (for example, “iftor”, “savob”, “Sufi”) often found in Uzbek are not exactly equivalent in German culture, the translator must interpret these concepts or translate them with cultural adaptation. Pragmatically, what is acceptable and acceptable in one culture may have negative connotations in another. In such situations, the translator should use the method of adaptation (localization), taking into account the purpose of the text and the audience.
Translation Analysis Methods. Linguistic analysis. Linguistic analysis is a method of in-depth study of the interaction of language systems and elements in the translation process. It is carried out at the level of grammatical structures, syntax, morphology and phonetics. For example, differences such as the adaptation of the free speech order in Uzbek to the strict order of free speech in German, or the manner in which tenses are expressed (in Uzbek language the most accurate tense is clearly defined, then in German tenses are often understood in context) are determined by linguistic analysis. Cultural analysis. Cultural analysis involves the analysis of the cultural codes, values, traditions of the translated text. The translator identifies the differences between the source culture and the receiving culture and develops adapted options. Cultural analysis is especially important in translating national concepts, holidays, religious terms, and everyday customs. Functional Analysis. Functional analysis is a translation technique that takes into account the communicative purpose, audience, and context of a text. In this way, the translation is done not only verbatim but also while maintaining the overall effect of the text. For example, when translating ad text, you need to remember that its goal is to sell the product, so it will be more important to maintain an impactful focus on your audience, rather than translating the words correctly.
The practice of translation is not a simple language change, but a complex cultural and stylistic process of transfer. Translation work between Uzbek and German should study in depth the grammatical, lexical, stylistic, and cultural differences and apply the appropriate analysis techniques to each gap. The use of a harmonious combination of linguistic, cultural and functional analysis methods in overcoming translation problems is a key factor for improving the quality and effectiveness of translation. A translator should always expand his language skills, cultural knowledge and be aware of modern translation methodology. Translation is a process that requires not only knowledge, but also art, patience, experience and a creative approach.
References
1. Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge, 2018.
2. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall, 1988.
3. House, Juliane. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. Routledge, 2015.
4. Hatim, Basil; Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Routledge, 1990.
5. Nord, Christiane. Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application. Rodopi, 2005.
6. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge, 1995.
7. Kadyrova, M. Comparative grammar of Uzbek and German languages. Tashkent, 2015.
8. Shukurov, B. Fundamentals of translation theory. Tashkent, 2010.
9. Snell-Hornby, Mary. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. John Benjamins, 1995.
10. Schäffner, Christina. Translation and Intercultural Communication. Routledge, 2012.
Japanese and Uzbek Idioms: Shared Wisdom, Shared Mentality
Abstract:
This article presents a scientific analysis of the similarities between Japanese and Uzbek idioms. Through examples, the shared aspects of both nations’ worldviews are revealed. The meanings of the idioms and their cultural significance are examined, as well as their importance in translation and language learning.
Keywords: Japanese language, Uzbek language, idioms, proverbs, mentality, culture, translation, semantic similarity, language teaching, translation practice.
Every nation’s mentality and culture are reflected through its language. Idioms and proverbs, in particular, embody the accumulated experiences, values, and perspectives of a people over centuries.
Although the Japanese and Uzbek peoples are geographically and linguistically distant, the similarities in their idioms reflect shared patterns in thought and worldview.
This article analyzes the similarities of idioms in Japanese and Uzbek based on scholarly sources.
1. Shared Mentality Reflected in Idioms
Idioms in both Japanese and Uzbek are often rooted in life experience, wisdom, and ancient proverbs. The following examples clearly demonstrate this:
In both cultures, this phrase expresses resilience and determination in the face of hardship.
猿も木から落ちる (Saru mo ki kara ochiru) – “Even monkeys fall from trees.”
This aligns with the Uzbek expressions .
It means that even experienced individuals can make mistakes.
蓼食う虫も好き好き (Tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki) – “Some insects even enjoy eating bitter herbs.”
This idiom corresponds with the Uzbek saying (“Everyone has different tastes”).
It highlights that personal preferences vary from person to person.
2. The Role of Idioms in National Mentality
Through idioms, nations express their life experiences, values, and psychological characteristics.
Japanese idioms tend to emphasize patience, calmness, and aesthetic values, while Uzbek idioms highlight friendship, devotion, and perseverance.
3. The Importance of Idioms in Translation and Language Learning
For translators and language learners, idioms hold particular significance.
A translator must prioritize the semantic and contextual equivalents of idioms rather than their literal meanings. This ensures that the translation feels natural and culturally appropriate.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Japanese and Uzbek idioms show many similarities, reflecting shared aspects of the two peoples’ life philosophies.
Analyzing idioms reveals the interconnection of mentalities and cultural values. In translation and language teaching, the accurate and natural rendering of idioms is of great importance.
References:
Ikegami, Y. (2005). Japanese Proverbs and Sayings. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Toshmurodova, G. (2018). Idioms in Uzbek: Concept, Classification, Interpretation. Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Natsume, S. (2020). Understanding Japanese Culture through Idioms. Kyoto University Press.
Komatsu, H. (2016). Japanese Idioms: Cultural Insight through Language. Osaka: Nihon Bunka Kenkyūsha.
Nazarova, G. (2019). The Role of Idioms in Translation and Their Equivalent Matches. Journal of Philological Issues, No. 2, pp. 45–49.
Khudoyberganov, Q. (2017). Theory and Practice of Translation. Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi.
Oblaqulova Gulshoda was born in Bakhmal district, Jizzakh region.
She is a first-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of Eastern Philology, majoring in Japanese Language.
The Role and Future of Journalism in the Digital Age
Journalism has always been an inseparable part of society. It serves the purpose of informing people, uncovering the truth, and delivering unbiased information about significant events. However, with the development of digital technologies, journalism has undergone significant changes. The widespread use of the internet and social media has forced traditional media outlets to transform their formats. In this article, we will discuss the importance, opportunities, and future of digital journalism.
The Importance of Digital Journalism
Digital journalism is much faster and more comprehensive than traditional media, making it the most modern method of delivering information to the public. People can now access news not only through newspapers or television but also through websites, blogs, podcasts, and social media. Moreover, thanks to mobile technologies, news can be read at any time and place.
Additionally, digital journalism stands out for its interactivity. People have the opportunity to comment, share their opinions, and directly engage with journalists. This helps strengthen the connection between journalists and their audience and allows them to better understand the audience’s needs. Journalists can also monitor public opinion in real-time and use it to create news stories.
Opportunities in Digital Journalism
Digital journalism opens the door to new opportunities. Firstly, collecting and analyzing information has become much easier. Artificial intelligence and big data processing technologies allow journalists to explore pressing issues in more depth.
Secondly, new platforms allow independent journalists to amplify their voices. Through blogs, YouTube channels, and social media pages, anyone can gather an audience and spread their news. This has led to the emergence of diverse opinions in the media sector, increasing the diversity of information sources.
Thirdly, the importance of visual content is growing. People are more likely to engage with infographics, videos, and podcasts rather than text-based news. Therefore, journalists need to make their content visually appealing. Furthermore, technologies like artificial intelligence, such as automated news reading or text-to-video conversion tools, are also developing.
Future Developments in Journalism
In the future, journalism is likely to become even more digital. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, automated news-writing systems may emerge. At the same time, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will allow news to be presented in a visual and interactive format. These technologies will make journalism even more engaging and realistic.
However, this development also comes with challenges. The increase in fake news and disinformation, the security of personal data, and the financial stability of independent journalism are major concerns for journalists. Therefore, in the future, journalists will need to develop new strategies and use technology appropriately to deliver trustworthy and unbiased information.
Moreover, improving media literacy is crucial. People should not trust every piece of information they find on the internet and should develop the habit of verifying sources. Journalists, in turn, must deliver reliable and fact-based content to gain the trust of their audience.
Conclusion
Digital-age journalism has transformed traditional journalism and created new opportunities. The speed of information delivery has increased, interactive communication with audiences has developed, and new possibilities for independent journalists have emerged.
Davronova Asilabonu Jo’rabek qizi was born on October 6, 2007, in the Jarqo’rg’on district of Surxondaryo region, Uzbekistan. She is currently studying in the 11th grade at School No. 5. Asilabonu has achieved numerous international accomplishments in various fields, showcasing her dedication and talent. Known for her academic excellence and active participation in global competitions, she is a rising star and continues to pursue her goals with determination and passion.
The past is easy in my breath without you, My day turned into a dark night. Longing roamed the garden of the heart, My night is passing without finding you.
Writing poetry, searching the heart, Let’s remember the past. He wears the lamp of regret, crying is stupid.
I will pour my heart out to you and empty the sack, Don’t let my feelings go to waste. I smile, like a mountain next to me You – be my root, let me live.
*** Comfort the beloved heart, Deceive that you will come. I’ll just stick to it We will also go to the tulip field.
The heavens know that I miss you, Rain falls from his forehead. Patience tested on my shoulder A vein is shooting deep..
My heart goes out to you, Get over the longings. Maybe today, maybe tomorrow Break the barriers.
*** You are my eyes in love I saw my love in your eyes. Do not drown in my tears I will reach out to you
My smiling faces It was like a desert without water. Every minute without you It looked like distant Venus.
My heart is broken, my heart is sick I look for you in myself, wow! Give me your identity My heart is beating, I hear it!
I’m leaving
Let the night wear a black veil, I will drown from the burden of sins. From the cares of a false world Sometimes I don’t know, I choke.
Whom did you envy, weak heart, I will tear my face for you. It’s hard for guilt to be revealed, eh, woah The face is broken. I will pass through the gates.
A day when the reward of sin is measured No one collects merit in time. I’m going, they’re gone, they’re gone No one can fit into this mortal world.
Tuliyeva Sarvinoz Uzbekistan. Born on November 8, 1999. Graduated from Alisher Navoi Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature (2023). The winner of the state award named after Zulfia (2019). Participant of the Zomin workshop of young artists (2019)
She is the author of the poetry books “Song of Peace”, “I am a Girl of Truth”, “Morning Poem”. Author of the creative collection “Nurli Izlar”. About 100 creative works have been published in republican and foreign newspapers and magazines. His creative works and articles have been published in Russia, Turkey, Germany, USA, Kenya, Great Britain. Teacher of native language and literature at Shaikhontohur District Vocational School, Tashkent.
We need to find an answer to the question of who they were actually was before they used words to be called our Jadids. Why did they make them condemn? In the first, we will end these questions. Jadids are intelligent people, that is, people who are sacrificed for the people. The person who started the first Jadidian movement is Ismail Gaspirali. Ismail Gaspirali is one of the people who promote Jadid. It is well known that our Jadids are Abdulhamid Cholpon, Abdullah Avloni, Abdulla Qadiqi, Abdurauf Fitrat. They were one of those who knew, intelligent and intelligent people. That is why they have previously condemned them. They put forward their homeland and love for Him in their creatures and their faithfulness. They condemned their loyalty to this Motherland and condemned the shooting. It is a very sad situation. Isn’t that so? Abdullah Avloni, one of the Jadids, lived in 1878-1934. He made a great contribution to the improvement, culture and enlightenment of the Uzbek people. The enlightened scientist devoted the life of new schools. He also made a great contribution to the development of science in Central Asia. Its has a famous word:
The upbringing is a matter of life or life, or salvation, or a disaster.
Abdulla Avloni’s statement has a deep meaning.
Another Jadigi was Abdullah Qadiri. Abdullah Qodiri was born in 1894 in Tashkent in the Eshonguzar mahalla. He was one of his largest representatives of the Uzbek national literature of the twentieth century. He went to Moscow in 1924 at the Institute of Journalists. And returned from Moscow,
The Mushtum magazine began working a reporter without a stable. Her
,,,:Chold Toshpulat What does the injury is
The humble stories of the memorial stories of the Calvak Mortgage were first produced in this magazine for the first time. Abdullah Qadiri from 1917 to 1918
The days of the days of the days of the days of the days of the day it began. In 1922, the first chapters for the novel began to be published in the Revolution. From 1925 to 1926
The days of the day were published in the event of the days of the day. In 1928, the writer had a second historical novel, according to the altar. Both historical novels also express hope of the desire to be free from the national colonial oppression. Abdullah Kadyri also promoted this vival in the East of the Atalfan Muhammad Yusuf, the enemy of the people.
Alhazar, Alhazar, Alhazar Alhazar,
Another walks, they are wearing.
Have sold the kingdom and were poet,
You have scorpions from the altar.
The brilly of the following deadids is Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdurauf Fitrat, a large and large and majority of science and culture. He was a scientist with chasmi knowledge, literature, publisher and journalist, publisher and journalist, talented state and public figure.
Abdurauf Fitrat was born in 1884, in 1884. Fitrat shaken a pen in all genres of Aiamat and began to promote his dreams, their wishes. In 1910, the collection of poems named 1910, which was also Persian. Fitrat was actively involved in a lively literary process, cultural, education, and political process in Bukhara and Samarkand. If a group of the Jadidians, a group of education seeks to improve the public situation, and the second group sought to follow the political path to the reform, reconstruction of the state system. But he will be sentenced in 1938 to the shooting. Mahmudkhoja Behbudiya, one of our jadids, is the largest representation of Turkistan, the factor of Uzbek culture of new era. He was born in 1875. It is the first playwright, theater, publisher, the first school idea, the recognized manure of the Turkestan Jadids, the theorist and practitioner of the new school idea, the first player, theater, publisher.
The crisis and stagnation, beginning with the 16th century, mutual scandal, local tribal insecure, exhausted the nation. In such conditions, the devotees of devotees of the Behandii chief, who are in history in the spirit of the spirit of the Motherland, and start to educate and progress.
In Turkestan, Method, Method, Method, the new school, organized by the names of the method, were the first idea of the modern school. We can call this man a humanist and patriot.
One of our children is Anaq Khan TaRat. Is’akhon poet scope was a wide poet and scientist, publisher and teacher, tourist and Shariatic clanist, and a popular reformer, dedicated his whole life to his independence, the famous reformer.
The original name of the poet is Isach Khan
,, The example is the literary phase of it. Isaqhan’s later pseudonym, Ishrat’s nickname from the first years of his career, as an enlightened age, specializing in the field of modern education, in advanced training, has called for an example in science of modern culture. Is’akhan1279-Hijri is a prisoner of celebrations, which is worthy of Turtra Kahran near Namangan, and for many years in Turah, and, writing poems in Turah, poems, and writing poems with poems. Polatjon Donulla Kayyumi, Zulf, Tazrayi, samples of gazelles are given in the work of Kayyumi. The family belonged to the Mashur Machur Naassavi descend, in the end of the XVIII Homeland and Mullakudung villages. Isaq Khan’s father Junaydullahja was a great dealer. He was his five toolary land, and shaken the family with farming and horticulture. His mother was his joy, his family was one of the women who was recited, and he trained villagers in his house. At the same time, he was involved in literature and art, and he was involved in the rise. In the second half of the 1870s, her father Janaydulloxoja died. Isaqhan first studied at a rural school based on the Hijho’s method of Hijho, but made an illustration in the girls’ school school. He read in such conditions and never complained. Later, on the 13th April 2017, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers was adopted on the organization of the memorial complex in Turakurgan district of Namangan region. The basis of this resolution has been carried out by large-scale creative work. On May 3, 2018, the head of our state visited the work done in the complex. Over time, a large-scale creative work has been carried out at the memorial complex, which covers more than two acres of land. The value of this project was more than $ 13 billion. Of course, his memory had to be saved forever. Because his last written manuscript also was destroyed. Because it happens in prison.
The next Jadidigan Abdulhamid Kholpon. In the house of Sulaymon Muhara Muhammad Yonus was born in 1897 in the Avenue of the son of Andijan. The father’s father, known as the father of Sulaymon Basze, was known in Elda Sulaymon Kaszoz, who graduated from the old madrassa, and read the old madrassa every day and be aware of the works of the world. Therefore, the most advanced social movement at that time were gladdial in the year. Later in April 1914, in April, the Cholpon’s father, his Turkestan briefers, and, the victim’s story, was published.
Cooperation with Sadoyi Turkistan’s newspaper in 1914-1915 was an additional training camp for the Children, while the main was a trade. When these publications were published, 1915-1917 was published in Andijan, and Turkenistanstansky worked in the editorial office that it is permissible to initiate his professional journalistic activities.
Cholpon welcomes the February February revolution with great joy. Those days Cholpon speaks a fiery speech in a rally in the new city. In addition, Cholpon actively took part in the movement of autonomy, with their whole engines went in advocacy work to different cities of Turkestan. In August 1917, an open letter of Hurriyati was announced, which is announced by the newspaper, the Fergana Board of the Rafusal Fergana Board. In addition, the Cholpon also has the polls on teaching in Andijan in 1918. Times After the late 1934, he returned to Tashkent from Orenburg and worked as a staffer at Hamza Theater until July 1937, early in July 1937.
The poet, who lived a praise to the blames, was sentenced to October 4, 1938 on October 4, 1938 by sentenced October 5.
So how much the writer, during the death of death, covers the way of the people in the path of science from this bright world. They are noting that? No, of course! But work that does not have done it to the end are in the hands of young people. We are also supported by our own spiritual state to continue the good things they have started. Modern conditions and knowledge for schools is developing. Convenience of young people is being created by our state, while justifying these conditions is our own hands.
After all, the nation will never forget His great leaders. We need to teach patriotism that they are. Because they were people who cost us to be an example.
Shuhratbekova Gulzoda is a 9th grade student at Secondary School No. 11 in Khojaabad district, Andijan region.
