Shamsiya Khudoynazarova Turumovna (February 15, 1973) was born in Uzbekistan. Studied at the Faculty of Journalism of Tashkent State University (1992-1998). She took first place in the competition of young republican poets (1999). Four collections of poems have been published in Uzbekistan: “Leaf of the Heart” (1998), “Roads to You” (1998), “The Sky in My Chest” (2007), “Lovely Melodies” (2013). She wrote poetry in more than ten genres. She translated some Russian and Turkish poets into Uzbek, as well as a book by YunusEmro. She lived as a political immigrant with her family for five years in Turkey.
Problems and fights are everywhere. Because war will not be the relationship itself without quarrels. Whether it’s in personal life or social .There are also minor disappointments in major cities. Only if you can find the right solution by eliminating it, problems and conflicts will not leave a bad mark on our psyche and memory pages. In my opinion, the problem can be solved in two ways .The first is to calm down and the main thing is to listen to each other.
The beginning of any irreconcilable argument is caused by misunderstanding .People decide on anger in a hurry without listening to each other’s words to the end. This condition is common in every human condition unfortunately. In such cases, the first thing to do is always try to calm down .Because not all decisions made on anger are true ,and the disputes that are taking place at this time have a profound effect on a person’s life. How do you say? We often lighten our anger when we are angry by saying bitter words to other people, not precisely from the person who let us out of anger. This causes our loved ones to be disappointed in US or lose them. It is necessary to try to calm down somehow so as not to get into such bad situations. It is necessary to coldly try to solve the issue in the case when the person or situation standing on our opposite side is looking at the situation with a real eye, no matter to what extent we were angry, and remember that nothing will change with a quarrel. To the question of how to calm down ? we must remember that in this world everyone can make mistakes ,that there is no perfect person or perfect situation for himself, that nothing stands in this world above our peace and health and more expensive. Because a person who stands in front of us during a quarrel will also expect from us that he will treat us. The situation changes if you speak softly and politely without any quarrels ,or if you can see the good side of the situation, a little, not only from the negative side, the person standing in front of you will sometimes fall.
Not listening to each other is a situation that aggravates the situation. Those are small problems that cause that condition gets bigger . We all have to try to overcome any situation by being forgiving, taking into account that we make mistakes. Why exactly listen? After all, said a bad word, insulted, is it possible to respond politely? if the question torments you, remember the phrase “good word soul mate”. Even thanks to one sweet word, a person can change for the better in life .This means that you will appear not as a weak or stupid person, but as an incredibly strong person .Try to listen and understand a little, no matter how difficult it is, make a decision in a position that does not compromise the interests between the two people .this shows that you are a real leader. Whether you are an ordinary schoolboy or a student or an ordinary person, you will find the respect you respect.
From my simple experience , I can conclude that when you come across a person who has said a bad word to you or is in a bad situation in life, do so, try to look for the good side of the situation, see the good side. Because there is wisdom in every job! With the sweet words you say, there will probably be a little better change in someone’s life .Try to turn this quarrel into warm conversations with good qualities in yourself, rather than expanding the quarrels by hurriedly saying offensive words. This will definitely help. Miracles are created by man himself. Think about the fact that everything is possible in this world ,consult ,share your thoughts ,and not that you also leave a quarrel or some big problem will ruin my life, but never think that I will forcibly achieve something with a quarrel. Haste never brings benefits! do not forget that only doing good and good words change the world!
Khasanova Aziza Kumushbek qizi was born on October 1, 2004 in the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region.Student Of The Tashkent Institute of Economics and pedagogy. Owner of several scientific articles.
Problems and Analysis Methods of Translation Practice in the Exercise
Andijan Davlar Institute of Foreign Languages
4th Printing Student: Gafurova Mahbuba
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Supervisor: Kadirova Nargiza
Annotation. This article discusses in detail a wide range of problems in translation practice, the reasons for their origin and methods of analysis. In particular, the grammatical, lexical, stylistic and cultural differences between the Uzbek and German languages affect the translation process, and what scientific methods should be used to overcome these differences. On the basis of the leading ideas of translation theory, practical and theoretical approaches are analyzed, the qualifications, skills and strategies necessary for the translator are discussed.
Keywords. Translation practice, translation theory, German language, Uzbek language, methods of analysis, grammatical differences, lexical differences, cultural differences, pragmatic differences, linguistic approach, cultural approach, functional equivalence, transcription.
Translation has been one of the most important tools of intercultural communication throughout human history. Today, the role of translation is becoming more and more important as global connections in science, technology, literature, politics, and other fields increase. Translation has become not only a means of transferring information between languages, but also of transferring spiritual and social values from one culture to another. The structure of the Uzbek language and the German language, the style of expression, and the cultural basis differ significantly. These differences create many difficulties in the translation process. A translator must translate not only literally, but also correctly convey its meaning, style, cultural context, communicative purpose. The article comprehensively analyzes the problems encountered in translation practice and proposes solutions based on modern scientific methods.
The main problems of translation practice. Lexical problems. There are significant differences between the vocabulary and lexical structures of the Uzbek and German languages. Whereas in Uzbek a word often has many meanings, in German there is a specific expression for each meaning. For example, the Uzbek verb “to see” denotes a general action and is used in different contexts: to see (with an eye), to see (to experiment), to see (to meet). In German, various verbs are used for these cases, such as sehen (to see with the eye), erleben (to experiment), sich treffen (to meet). The translator should analyze the context in depth and choose the appropriate option. Problems are also common in the translation of phraseological units. Phraseologisms often have a cultural basis in German and appear strange or incomprehensible in German when translated directly. For example, expressions such as “Heartbreak” should be conveyed in translation with an appropriate equivalent or annotation.
Grammar problems. Differences in grammatical systems create many problems in the translation process. Uzbek language is an agglutinatable language, and grammatical meanings are expressed by suffixes. In German, there are genders of nouns (masculine, feminine, neutral) and are designated by the articles. In Uzbek, the basic structure of a sentence is simple (I went to school), whereas in German the word order is based on a strict rule (Ich bin zur Schule gegangen). Secondary verbs and auxiliary verbs are used a lot in the sentence. In German, the form of nouns and articles change (der Tisch – den Tisch, dem Tisch and so on) if more pronouncements are indicated in Uzbek.
Such discrepancies require structural adaptations and grammatical transformations in translation.
Stylistic problems. Uzbek literary style is characterized by softer, more emotionally rich expressions. In German, on the other hand, the emphasis is on expressing clearly, concisely, and logically. It takes great skill to find their functional equivalent when translating into German poetic metaphors, exaggerations, means of expression, which are often used in Uzbek literature or in everyday speech. Otherwise, the translation may look dry and artificial. Also, many expressions used in the Uzbek language as part of respect and manners are divided into formal or informal forms in German (via the forms Sie and du). Choosing the right level will ensure the accuracy of the translation and its appropriateness to the context.
Cultural and pragmatic issues. Fundamental differences between Uzbek and German cultures are often noticed in the translation process. For example, in Uzbek culture special respect is given to adults and requires a lot of care in speech. In German society, however, the principle of equality is stronger, and this is also noticeable in the tone of speech. Since religious and national realities (for example, “iftor”, “savob”, “Sufi”) often found in Uzbek are not exactly equivalent in German culture, the translator must interpret these concepts or translate them with cultural adaptation. Pragmatically, what is acceptable and acceptable in one culture may have negative connotations in another. In such situations, the translator should use the method of adaptation (localization), taking into account the purpose of the text and the audience.
Translation Analysis Methods. Linguistic analysis. Linguistic analysis is a method of in-depth study of the interaction of language systems and elements in the translation process. It is carried out at the level of grammatical structures, syntax, morphology and phonetics. For example, differences such as the adaptation of the free speech order in Uzbek to the strict order of free speech in German, or the manner in which tenses are expressed (in Uzbek language the most accurate tense is clearly defined, then in German tenses are often understood in context) are determined by linguistic analysis. Cultural analysis. Cultural analysis involves the analysis of the cultural codes, values, traditions of the translated text. The translator identifies the differences between the source culture and the receiving culture and develops adapted options. Cultural analysis is especially important in translating national concepts, holidays, religious terms, and everyday customs. Functional Analysis. Functional analysis is a translation technique that takes into account the communicative purpose, audience, and context of a text. In this way, the translation is done not only verbatim but also while maintaining the overall effect of the text. For example, when translating ad text, you need to remember that its goal is to sell the product, so it will be more important to maintain an impactful focus on your audience, rather than translating the words correctly.
The practice of translation is not a simple language change, but a complex cultural and stylistic process of transfer. Translation work between Uzbek and German should study in depth the grammatical, lexical, stylistic, and cultural differences and apply the appropriate analysis techniques to each gap. The use of a harmonious combination of linguistic, cultural and functional analysis methods in overcoming translation problems is a key factor for improving the quality and effectiveness of translation. A translator should always expand his language skills, cultural knowledge and be aware of modern translation methodology. Translation is a process that requires not only knowledge, but also art, patience, experience and a creative approach.
References
1. Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge, 2018.
2. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall, 1988.
3. House, Juliane. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. Routledge, 2015.
4. Hatim, Basil; Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Routledge, 1990.
5. Nord, Christiane. Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application. Rodopi, 2005.
6. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge, 1995.
7. Kadyrova, M. Comparative grammar of Uzbek and German languages. Tashkent, 2015.
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Japanese and Uzbek Idioms: Shared Wisdom, Shared Mentality
Abstract:
This article presents a scientific analysis of the similarities between Japanese and Uzbek idioms. Through examples, the shared aspects of both nations’ worldviews are revealed. The meanings of the idioms and their cultural significance are examined, as well as their importance in translation and language learning.
Keywords: Japanese language, Uzbek language, idioms, proverbs, mentality, culture, translation, semantic similarity, language teaching, translation practice.
Every nation’s mentality and culture are reflected through its language. Idioms and proverbs, in particular, embody the accumulated experiences, values, and perspectives of a people over centuries.
Although the Japanese and Uzbek peoples are geographically and linguistically distant, the similarities in their idioms reflect shared patterns in thought and worldview.
This article analyzes the similarities of idioms in Japanese and Uzbek based on scholarly sources.
1. Shared Mentality Reflected in Idioms
Idioms in both Japanese and Uzbek are often rooted in life experience, wisdom, and ancient proverbs. The following examples clearly demonstrate this:
In both cultures, this phrase expresses resilience and determination in the face of hardship.
猿も木から落ちる (Saru mo ki kara ochiru) – “Even monkeys fall from trees.”
This aligns with the Uzbek expressions .
It means that even experienced individuals can make mistakes.
蓼食う虫も好き好き (Tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki) – “Some insects even enjoy eating bitter herbs.”
This idiom corresponds with the Uzbek saying (“Everyone has different tastes”).
It highlights that personal preferences vary from person to person.
2. The Role of Idioms in National Mentality
Through idioms, nations express their life experiences, values, and psychological characteristics.
Japanese idioms tend to emphasize patience, calmness, and aesthetic values, while Uzbek idioms highlight friendship, devotion, and perseverance.
3. The Importance of Idioms in Translation and Language Learning
For translators and language learners, idioms hold particular significance.
A translator must prioritize the semantic and contextual equivalents of idioms rather than their literal meanings. This ensures that the translation feels natural and culturally appropriate.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Japanese and Uzbek idioms show many similarities, reflecting shared aspects of the two peoples’ life philosophies.
Analyzing idioms reveals the interconnection of mentalities and cultural values. In translation and language teaching, the accurate and natural rendering of idioms is of great importance.
References:
Ikegami, Y. (2005). Japanese Proverbs and Sayings. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Toshmurodova, G. (2018). Idioms in Uzbek: Concept, Classification, Interpretation. Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Natsume, S. (2020). Understanding Japanese Culture through Idioms. Kyoto University Press.
Komatsu, H. (2016). Japanese Idioms: Cultural Insight through Language. Osaka: Nihon Bunka Kenkyūsha.
Nazarova, G. (2019). The Role of Idioms in Translation and Their Equivalent Matches. Journal of Philological Issues, No. 2, pp. 45–49.
Khudoyberganov, Q. (2017). Theory and Practice of Translation. Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi.
Oblaqulova Gulshoda was born in Bakhmal district, Jizzakh region.
She is a first-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of Eastern Philology, majoring in Japanese Language.
