FOOD HYGIENE

Abdulazizov Dovudbek

Rakhmonova Lazizakhon Mirzajon qizi

Andijon state of foreign language institution

First-year student

Annotation: As you know food hygiene is a set of food manufacturing practices that aim to minimise biological food hazards through safe and clean operations to protect public health from foodbome diseases. Bilganingizdek oziq-ovqat gigiyenasi – oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishning to’plami bo’lib, u jamoatni biologik taomlarni iste’mol qilishdan himoya qilishga qaratilgan.

Key words: health hazards, food defense, hygine, food technology, pathnogens, bacteria, viruses.

First and foremost, The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food is known as a food-borne disease outbreak. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potential health hazards. In this way, food safety often overlaps with food defense to prevent harm to consumers. In considering industry-to-market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to food labeling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as policies on biotechnology and food and guidelines for the management of governmental import and export inspection and certification systems for foods. In considering market-to-consumer practices, the usual thought is that food ought to be safe in the market and the concem is safe delivery and preparation of the food for the consumer. Food safety, nutrition and food security are closely related. Unhealthy food creates a cycle of disease and malnutrition that affects infants and adults as well. Food can transmit pathogens, which can result in the illness or death of the person or other animals. The main types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungus. The WHO Foodborne Disease Epidemiology Reference Group conducted the only study that solely and comprehensively focused on the global health burden of foodborne diseases. This study, which involved the work of over 60 experts for a decade, is the most comprehensive guide to the health burden of foodborne diseases.

Food can also serve as a growth and reproductive medium for pathogens. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in Tesser developed countries there are fewer standards and less enforcement of those standards. Even so, in the US, in 1999, 5,000 deaths per year were related to foodborne pathogens. Another main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item in the spreading of diseases. In theory, food poisoning is 100% preventable. However this cannot be achieved due to the number of persons involved in the supply chainas well as the fact that pathogens can be introduced into foods no matter how many precautions are taken.

Issues

Food safety issues and regulations concern:

Agriculture and animal husbandry practices.

Food manufacturing practices.

Food additives

Novel foods.

Genetically modified foods

Food label

Food contamination.

Food contamination.

Food contamination happens when foods are corrupted with another substance. It can happen in the process of production, transportation, packaging, storage, sales, and cooking process. Contamination can be physical, chemical, or biological Physical contamination

Physical contaminants (or ‘foreign bodies’) are objects such as hair, plant stalks or pieces of plastic and metal. When a foreign object enters food, it is a physical contaminant. If the foreign objects are bacteria, both a physical and biological contamination will occur.

Physical food contamination is a hazardous yet natural accident of contaminating food with dangerous objects around the kitchen or production base when being prepared. If kitchens or other places where food may be prepared are unsanitary, it is very likely that physical contamination will occur and cause negative consequences. Children and the elderly are at the highest risk of being harmed by food contamination due to their weaker immune systems and fragile structures. The most common reasoning for physical contamination to occur is when the food is left uncovered without lids. To prevent such contamination and harm to those consuming food from restaurants, cooks are recommended to wear hair nets, remove jewelry, and wear gloves when necessary, especially over wounds with bandages.Chemical contamination happens when food is contaminated with a natural or artificial chemical substance.

Safe food handling procedures (from market to consumer)

The five key principles of food hygiene, according to WHO, are:

Prevent contaminating food with pathogens spreading from people, pets, and pests.

Separate raw and cooked foods to prevent contaminating the cooked foods.

Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature to kill pathogens.

Store food at the proper temperature.

Use safe water and safe raw materials

Proper storage, sanitary tools and work spaces, heating and cooling properly and to adequate temperatures, and avoiding contact with other uncooked foods can greatly reduce the chances of contamination. Tightly sealed water and air proof containers are good measures to limit the chances of both physical and biological contamination during storage. Using clean, sanitary surfaces and tools, free of debris, chemicals, standing liquids, and other food types (different from the kind currently being prepared, i.e. mixing vegetables/meats or beef/poultry) can help reduce the chance of all forms of contamination. However, even if all precautions have been taken and the food has been safely prepared and stored, bacteria can still form over time during storage. Food should be consumed within one to seven (1-7) days while it has been stored in a cold environment, or one to twelve (1-12) months if it was in a frozen environment (if it was frozen immediately after preparation). The length of time before a food becomes unsafe to eat depends on the type of food it is, the surrounding environment, and the method with which it is kept out of the danger zone.

In my point of view, Everyone should know about food hygiene. If he or she doesn’t know what’s food hygiene. They are able to face with some misunderstandings. Perhaps, if they follow to food hygiene on their lifestyle. They can afford themselves safe their safety not only that but also their well-being.

References:

1.Texas Food Establishment Rules. Texas DSHS website: Texas Department of State Health Services. 2015. p. 6.

2. “Food Safety Definition & Why is Food Safety Important”. fooddocs.com. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

3.”Food safety”. who.int. Retrieved 1 November 2022.

4.Havelaar, Arie H.; Kirk, Martyn D.; Torgerson, Paul R.; Gibb, Herman J., Hald, Tine; Lake, Robin J.; Praet, Nicolas; Bellinger, David C.; de Silva, Nilanthi R.; Gargouri, Neyla; Speybroeck, Niko; Cawthorne, Amy, Mathers, Colin, Stein, Claudia; Angulo, Frederick

J.; Devleesschauwer, Brecht (2015). “World Health Organization Global Estimates and

Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010. PLOS Med. 12

(12): e1001923. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923. PMC 4668832.

5. Morris, Glenn (2011). “How Safe Is Our Food?”. Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 (1): 126-128.

doi: 10.3201/eid1701.101821. PMC 3375763. PMID 21192873. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

6.Shikiomanov, I. A. (2000). “Appraisal and Assessment of World Water Resources” (PDF). Water International. International Water Resources Association. pp. 11-32

7.”Food poisoning Symptoms and causes”. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

8. “Supply Chain”. Corporate Finance Institute. Retrieved 16 November 2022.

9.”USDA, National Agricultural Library. Bacterial pathogens and foodborne illnesses”.

11. “What is Food Contamination?”. Retrieved 10 June 2018.

12. “Physical contaminants in food, identification and prevention at Campden BRI”. campdenbri.co.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2018.

13. Miller, Vicky (30 September 2021). “Physical Food Contamination’. CPD Online College. Retrieved 28 November 2022

14. “Investigation and Identification of Physical Contaminants in Food | Food Safety”. food-safety.com. Retrieved 28 November 2022.

15.360training (10 June 2021). “What Are The Four Types of Food Contamination?”.

360training. Retrieved 28 November 2022.

23. “Prevention of foodbome disease: Five keys to safer food”. World Health.

Organization. Archived from the original on 25 March 2006. Retrieved 10 December

2010.

24. Zeratsky, Katherine. “How long can you safely keep leftovers in the refrigerator?”.

Mayo Clinic. Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D. Retrieved 21 November 2018.

25. “Storage Times for the Refrigerator and Freezer. FoodSafety.gov. Retrieved 21 November 2018.

Abdulla Avlaniy’s contribution to the development of pedagogy

Irodakhon Ziyoyeva Umidjon’s daughter is a student of the Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy.  Her scientific articles have been published in several international journals and websites.  Holder of several international certificates.

Annotation: This article presents the life and creative work of Abdulla Avloni, one of the prominent representatives of Jadidism, a poet, playwright and pedagogue, his contribution to the field of pedagogy, and examples of his valuable thoughts.

 Key words: modernism, modern methods, old method schools, worldly knowledge, ethics.

          It is known that since the 90s of the 19th century, the Jadidism movement spread widely in Central Asia, especially in the Turkestan region.  Their main goal was to renew, enrich and fundamentally improve the old underdeveloped education system in the country.  In order to raise the awareness of the population and spread knowledge, they published various newspapers several times, established various theaters, replaced the old methods in schools with new ones, began to teach subjects related to modern worldly knowledge along with religious knowledge, instead of paid schools  in order to support the needy strata of the population, they even established free educational institutions.  Of course, at that time, these changes were not liked by the tsarist government and some pedagogues who were making money from the old schools.  For this reason, the Jadid movement was strongly opposed by the tsarist government, and many dedicated intellectuals died prematurely.  Abdulla Awlani is one of the devoted intellectuals of that time.

The life and work of Abdulla Avloni

     Enlightener, writer, dramatist Abdulla Avloni was born on July 12, 1878 in Tashkent in a peasant family.  In his youth, he studied at the old school.  He wrote about himself in his biography that he started studying at a madrasa in Okhchi neighborhood from the age of 12, and from the age of 13 he worked as a laborer in the summer and studied in the winter.  After graduating from Avloni madrasa, he worked as a school teacher.  Changing the structure and direction of the schools of that time has done a lot of work on radical improvement.  In particular, providing students with modern worldly knowledge and teaching Eastern and Western languages ​​in schools was one of Avloni’s main ideas.

Avloni joined the Jadidchilik movement in the 20th century.  He, in turn, knew Arabic, Russian, and Persian languages ​​and worked as a translator.  He translated several famous writers.  The ages of Leo Tolstoy, Konstantin Ushinsky are among them.  Abdulla Avlani published several newspapers and presented them to the public to raise awareness in the society.  In particular:

1.Progressive” 1906

2. “Fame” 1907

3. “Asia” 1908

4. “Turon” published in 1917.:

Among them, Shuhrat newspaper was printed by Avloni at his home.  Taking into account that writing and printing books was not developed at that time and it was a laborious process, it required a lot of hard work.

Pedagogical activities and views of Abdulla Avlani

       Abdulla Avlani, for his part, knew that changing the direction of school education was not an easy task, and sufficient conditions were required for this.  One of the main problems in the education system of that time was the lack of educational resources.  In order to prevent this problem, Abdulla Avlani created several textbooks and started using them in his new method schools.  Some of these works include: “The First Teacher”, “The Second Teacher”, “Turkish Gulistan and Ethics”.  The first Teacher’s book was mainly used as an elementary textbook for schools, and it was written on the principle of easy to difficult.  The second book of the Teacher is its logical continuation.  Abdulla Avloni’s collection “Literature or National Poems” (consisting of 5 volumes) and “School Gulistoni” were created as a textbook-complex for the upper classes of schools.  That is why he included not only his own poems, but also children’s works of other authors in these collections.  The collections were published during 1909-1917, the textbooks-complexes served as the main guide in expressive reading.

    Abdulla Avlani paid great attention to literacy and expressive reading and even listed several types of expressive and fluent reading.  It is known that in the schools of the old system, students blindly followed the teacher and pronounced without knowing the letters, but could not read the pronounced words when they saw their written expression.  Since teachers in old schools mainly relied on the oral method of teaching, very few students were able to read and write fluently after graduating from school.  Avloni prevented this shortcoming and created its modern forms without limiting himself to the initial forms of expressive teaching.In 1917, the book “Turkish Culture and Morals” was published, in which the socio-pedagogical views of Abdulla Avloni, an enlightened scientist, were described.  Abdulla Avloni, speaking about the education of children in the work “Turkish culture and morals”, emphasizes that the main task is the responsibility of the teacher.  In his opinion, the strength and breadth of thinking of a pedagogue depends on the breadth of worldviews.  If the teachers’ words contradict their actions, then the students do not believe in such moral teachings.  In Avloni’s pedagogical works, the glorification of intelligence and knowledge is supposedly closely connected with the glorification of this person.Also, Avloni has always encouraged people of knowledge to learn languages.  He said: language and literature are the mirror life of every nation in the world.  Avloni emphasizes that the spoken word of a person is the scale that measures his perfection, knowledge and virtue.  In fact, many scholars know a person’s thoughts, intentions and even value from his words.  When we study Avloni’s point of view, it is surprising that the ideas he put forward are still necessary and have not lost their power.  Educating a mature person in all respects, encouraging him to turn away from evil and to do good is directly related to education.  Abdulla Awlani defines education as follows: “Education and pedagogy means child pedagogy. Good education for the health and happiness of the child, keeping the body clean, correcting the profession at a young age, and teaching good manners are like doctors, the doctor is the disease in the patient’s body.  “A teacher should do a great job by treating the center of anger in the child’s body with the remedy of “good behavior” and above the remedy of “purity”.  Here, Abdulla Avloni compares a pedagogue to a doctor, and purity and good behavior to a cure.  The thinker divides education into three groups: physical education, intellectual education and moral education.  First of all, the first of these is important for a person.  Because if the body is healthy, the mind will be healthy and clear, and the behavior will be beautiful, – says Avloni.

Summary

 Abdulla Avloni has a prominent place among the representatives of Jadidism with his works and productive work, and his great services in the field of pedagogy.  The educational and moral views advanced in his works still serve as an important guide in the culture of the modern age.  Avloni was also an exemplary pedagogue and was able to make a significant contribution to the educational system of the 19th century.  In his works, the necessary qualities of not only the student, but also the personality of the pedagogue are shown.  In fact, in order to educate a student, a pedagogue must first be an example in science and education.  It can be seen from the above examples that Avloni’s works still enrich Uzbek literature, and these works can directly educate the reader to form moral qualities such as love for the motherland and the pursuit of knowledge.

During his time, Avloni worked in the positions of consul, minister of public education, editor, and teacher.  It is true that he was not persecuted and condemned as an enemy of the people, but his work was not studied until 1966, and none of his works were published after his death.  If the works of a poet or writer do not reach the reader, it means that the poet is forgotten.  But the work of Abdulla Avloni was later studied and researched by Begali Kasimov.  During the years of independence, among other representatives of Jadidism, Abdulla Avloni was highly honored and respected, his works were re-examined, updated and brought to the attention of the general public.  In Tashkent, a street and 2 neighborhoods, national research institutes were named after Avloni.  A statue of Avloni was also installed on Adiblar Avenue.

References:

  1. Abdullah Awlani.  Turkish culture or morals.  – T.: “Teacher”, 1992.

 2 Begali Kosimov, Shukhrat Rizaev.  Abdulla Avloniy (1878-1934) -https://ziyouz.uz/ilm-va-fan/adabiyot/milliy-uygonish/begali-kasimov-shuhrat-rizaev abdulla-avloniy-1878-1934

 3. CONTRIBUTION OF ABDULLA AVLONIY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL THOUGHT – Karamatova Dilfuza Sadinovna

"There is no mercy in politics" - Amir Temur's valiant struggle for the peace of our country


Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbek language and literature, 2nd stage student Pardaboyeva Adiba Shukhrat girl
   pardaboyeva@gmail.com
              @shukhratovnm

Scientific supervisor: Sayyora Bekchanova
Rector's adviser on women's issues

Abstract: This article presents information about the character of Temur, Amir Temur's politics and his way of life in Hossein Javid's drama "Amir Temur".

Annotation: This article presents information on the character of Temur, the politics of Amir Temur and his mode of life in the drama "Amir Temur" by Hossein Javid.

Keywords:

INTRODUCTION

Temur Taragai ibn Barlos was born on April 9, 1336 in the small village of Khoja Ilgor. Temur's name is translated from the Turkic language as "iron", which in many ways influenced his strong-willed character and future destiny. He was a brave and courageous young man, his parents and teachers raised him to be a real warrior. 

Despite the leg injuries he received in the battle, he was very strong and personally participated in all the campaigns and battles until the last days. The great general and statesman gave us from literary works and government structures to unique architecture and ancient architecture that entered the history of the world. He left a great legacy to his masterpieces. He lived, worked, conquered lands and created his history - the history of a great man. 

Many authors have written books about the life of Amir Temur since his lifetime. It is appropriate to study the sources about him as primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are books written during his lifetime and by contemporary authors. Secondary sources are books written long after his death. Shami's work describes the events of Timur's life from 1404 until the work was handed over to him. Later, Shahrukh Mirza's historian Hafizi Abru added the last parts of Temur's life as an appendix to the work. 

The next work, which is considered by the general public as a perfect work about the life of Amir Temur, is "Zafarnoma" by Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi. Yazdi finished writing the work in 1425 according to the order of Shahrukh Mirza. When writing the work, he refers to the authors before him. Nizamiddin's work, as we said above, does not describe the last year of Timur's life.

DISCUSSION AND RESULTS:

In recent days, I got acquainted with Hossein Javid's drama "Amir Temur", and I think that Temur's character is fully revealed in this work. It is not accidental that Hossein Javid, a creator belonging to the whole Turkic world with the scope of his talent, great personality, and high ideals, turns to the character of Amir Temur. He saw in Timur his ideal of a man, and in the kingdom he built, not only the past of the Turkic peoples, but also the model of their future. These aspects are clearly visible in the drama "Amir Temur", created in 1925 and directed by the famous Uzbek poet Usman Kochkor. 

It is known that the staged drama is the only literary genre that has the power to directly affect the audience's senses, turning an artistic event into a life event. Taking into account the possibility of the drama genre, Husayn Javid tried to depict the character of Temur not only in the style of the glorious past of the Turkic nations, but also as a person who encourages the representatives of this nation to create a bright future. 

The dramatist skillfully describes how the Turkic peoples, who are currently oppressed under the oppression of various conquerors, once decided the fate of humanity in such a skill that the reader and the viewer believe that such a great nation will rise again. they believe that it tends to show higher, brighter, more colorful. In this drama, Amir Temur's words: "He does not understand that the governor who offends the raiyat is as foolish as an animal that has disturbed its nest", his wise man and just ruler are shown. He is depicted not only as a compassionate and noble person, but as a wise ruler who knows well that it is necessary to please the people first for the peace of the kingdom.. "Amir Temur" is distinguished from other works by its impartiality, the author's personal relationship with the characters is not clearly felt, and the conclusion is left to the reader. 

Temur's quiet speech to his beloved wife Dilshod: "There is no grace in politics" shows the characteristic aspect of a cold-hearted person who does not allow state affairs to be driven by emotions. rather, it deepens its inner content, not its outwardly visible aspects, but its original inner essence.

Spring did not wait for me?

I remember your many flowers
Your slaves are beautiful like tulips.
Your lands where smallpox grows,
I miss your ways.

Didn't you look at me?
Didn't you comb my hair?
Didn't you play with me?
Don't you miss me spring?

Can't find any job?
Aren't you heartbroken like me?
Have you not spared the likes of me?
Did you not look at me spring?

Didn't you wait for me all the time?
Didn't you swallow poison like me?
Didn't you hold my hands?
Didn't you wait for me?


Daughter of Ilhomova Mohichehra Azimjon, 7th grade student of Zarafshan city, Navoi region, school No. 9.

New Uzbekistan

Every corner of my country
It is blooming
Changes are in full swing
The eyes are happy

The head of our country is the head
Support us
Change at every step
It will surprise you.

My country is rich in history
Every corner is sacred,
To such a great country
Many people like it.

Of great scholars
We are young people,
First at every step
Shakhdam takes steps.

This is my country in the world
There is no comparison, there is no equal,
Everywhere is rich in history
There are many holy places.

Sometimes this language is weak
One look is not enough
I will describe it again
I won't run out of words.


Mamadaliyeva Aziza is the daughter of  Dilshodbek.
She was born on October 19, 2006 in the city of Chust, Namangan region. Her first book "Joy of Youth" was published in 2021. Aziza is very interested in reading books along with writing poems. She is the district and regional prize winner of the "Young Reader" competition. A number of his poems are published in district and regional newspapers. Aziza Namangan has delighted many fans with her poems on television.

My new Constitution!


Independence is the greatest honor,
In the wars, tears flowed from the eyes,
Everyone is under your protection!
My new Constitution!


I will express my opinion today
If I see freedom in my words,
He gave me the happiness to speak,
My new Constitution!

The development of society is yours,
How little to praise your name,
Equality of human rights,
My new Constitution!


I want my children to study.
May the country be blessed, everyone in prayer,
We are seeing the worlds.
My new Constitution!


Punishment is inevitable for the unworthy,
There are laws for traitors,
Taking measures and at that time
My new Constitution!


My religion is free, I live happily.
Nations are equal, here together,
He respected his equality
My new Constitution!


He has the same respect as your father,
He didn't forget his teachers either.
You are a spreader of knowledge,
My new Constitution!

Burning John for the Nation
I have to study and work today.
Pin the flag on the blue
I will be a pillar for my country!



Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Philology, Uzbek language and literature, 2nd stage student Pardaboyeva Adiba Shukhrat girl

DESCENDANTS OF THE GREAT COMMANDER-AMIR TEMUR
                              
Kholikova  Marjona Usman’s daughter
               Student of the Faculty of Primary Education at the International University of Chemistry in Tashkent
           
ABSTRACT
This article provides information about the descendants of the  founder of the state, great leader, statesman Sahibqiron Amir Temur  and cultural life during the Timurid period.
Key words: Umarshaikh Bahadir, Mironshah Mirza, Shahrukh Mirza, Jahangir Mirza, Oqa Begi Lady, Sultan Bahkt Begim.

ANNOTATION
This article provides information about the descendants of the founder of the state, the great leader, statesman Sahibkiron Amir Temur and the cultural life in the diocese of Temurov.
 Key words: Umarcheikh Bahadir, Mironshah Mirza, Shahrukh Mirza, Jahangir Mirza, Oqa Begi lady, Sultan Bakht Begim.
Kill  someone  with a great  wrist, and  a  thousand   with  great  knowledge.
                                                                               Amir Temur
Introduction
Ibn  Arabshah, who  saw  Sahibqiran with  his own eyes, gave the following description  of  Temur’s  appearance and  features: "He  was a  tall  man, with  a  broad forehead, large  head, and  a meek  nature. His  face  was  red and  white, although  he  walked  a lot in the  open  air, he  was not  tanned  in  the  sun  neat   broad  shoulder’s  long  and thin  fingers,  long  legs  were  of  good    stature.

Do  not  be  afraid    of  death, even  of  your  life   even  at  the  end  (at  the a ge  of  69)  he  was  reminiscent  of  a  mighty  rock  with  a  clear  memory, courage    and  meek  nature. Although  he  was  limping  his  eyes  were  like  a  burning  candle, Temur  who  could  see  the  essence  of  the  matter   at  a  glance, was  observant  and  had  drunk  the  art  of   discussion  never  indulged  in  fantasy, and  if  his  dreams   did  not come  true,  he  did  it.  He hid it, he  would  not  sit  down and  change  his  plan He  could  tell  the   difference  between a  true  word  and  a fictitious   one  when  he  heard  it  and  he  also  made  a  sincere  adviser  a  hypocrite  with  his  arrogance, he  could  tell  the   difference   from  a fraudster  at  a  glance.”

Sohibqiran  Amir  Temur  (1336-1405)is  a  great  person,  an  outstanding   general   a  great  statesman, a  man  who  loved  his country   and made  him    famous  throughout  the  world.  He  had   4  sons  and  2  daughters:  sons-Jahangir  Mirza, Umarshaikh  Mirza, Mironshah  Mirza, Shahrukh Mirza;  daughter’s-Aqa Begi Khanim, Sultan Bakht Begim.

Jahangir  Mirza  (1356-1376)   was  a talented   military  commander    and  diplomat ,  a  scholar  of  religious   mysticism   well-versed  in  a  number   of wordly  sciences,  and a  prince  capable  of  becoming  a  crown  prince. He died  of  an  illness  in  1376  at  the  age  of  20.He  had   2  sons-  Muhammad   Sultan  and  Pirmuhammad  Mirza.

Umarshaikh  Mirza   (1356-1394)   was  a  great  military  commander, a  capable   political  figure, who  respected    the  spiritual   heritage  of  the  past, had   unlimited  respect  for  saints  and  elders. Umarshaikh  Mirza    took  an  active  part  in the  battles  in  Ferghana  against  the  Mongol   invaders. He  died   in  1394  during   a battle  in Persia.  He  had  six  sons-Pirmuhammad   Mirza,  Rustam Mirza, Iskandar Mirza, Saydi  Ahmad  Mirza, Boykara  Mirza  and  Ahmad  Mirza.

Mironshah  Mirza (1366-1408)  was  the  third  son  of  Amir  Temur  he  was  the  governor  of  the  regions  of    Western   Iran, Iraq  and  Azerbaijan.  He  is  talented.  He  was   a  military  commander    and  a political  figure  a  fearless  and  brave  warrior  a  talented   diplomat  a  deeply  learned  prince.  The  great  statesman    and  poet  Zahiriddin   Muhammad  Babur,  Mironshah  Mirza’s  inability   to  distinguish    between friends  and  enemies, and  his tendency  to indulgence  prevented  him  from  managing  the  territory  entrusted   to  him  with  justice.  

In   1408  on  April  21  Mironshah  was  killed  in the  war  with  Kara  Yusuf,  the  Turkmen  leader    of  Kara  Kuyunli    in  Sardrud  region  of  Azerbaijan, Mironshoh  Mirza  had  6  sons-  Abu  Bakr Mirza  Umar  Mirza,Halil  Sultan  Mirza,  Suyurtgamish  Mirza,  Lyjal   Mirza  Sultan  Muhammad  Mirza.

Shahrukh  Mirza   (1377-1447)was  the  fourth  son   of  Amir  Temur    and  was  the  governor     of  Khurasan,  Mozandaran, Seistan,   Western  Iran  Iraq  and  Azebaijan.    He  is    a  great   statesman,  a  skilled   diplomat, well    versed    in  wordly  knowledge, intelligent      to  a  sharp,  strong-willed,  perfect  person,  a  military   commander  and  a  representative    of  science   was  sponsored. Shahrukh  Mirza    had  6  sons;  John  Oglan, Ibrahim   Sultan   Mirza,  Muhammad  Mirza,  Suyurtgamish Mirzo, Ulugbek  Mirza.
Aqa  Begi  Khanim  (1359-1382)  was  the  eldest  daughter  of  Amir  Temur   the  year  of  her  birth  is  unkown. Aqa Begi  Khanim  married  Amir  Musa’s    son  Muhammadbek.  He  left  one  son.  His  name  was  Sultan Husain  Mirza  Aqa  Begi  died    in 1382  from  a  serious  illness.

Sultan   Bakht  Begim  (1362-1430)  the  second   daughter  of  Amir  Temur  was  born  in  an  unknown  year. Sultan   Bakht  Begim  was   married  to  Amir  Suleimanshah,  the  son  of   Amir  Davud   Dughlot. Amir  Suleimanshah   was  the  son  of  Amir  Temur’s    sister    Turkon. Sultan  Bakht  Begim  he  died  in  Nishapur  in  1430.

Amir  Temur  in  the  Middle  Ages   our  country  was  under   the  oppression  of  the   Mongols.  He  entered  the   political  field  as  a  far- sighted  statesman  during  his  troubles.  We  can  see  him  righteously ruling  during his  long  reign.
 
  List of  References:
1.	 Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, Zafarnoma / Foreword, translation comments and indexes  by 	 Ashraf Ahmad, Haydarbek Bobobekov.-Tashkent: East,1997.Zafarnoma, Tashkent, 1997.
2.	The traps of Timor.   From Persian, A. Sog'uniy and H.Karomatov; Published by Jehovah's Witnesses but now out of print.
3.	Cultural and industrial Tashkent