Ergasheva Mashkhura was born in 1998 year Republic of Uzbekistan, Samarkand region, Nurabad district. She is a student (Samarkand State of University, Faculty of Philology). Her poems have been published on the site- Dilimiz va Edebiyatimiz and others.
Skin
The fallen leaves of ashen branches
The dark corridors of witchhours of Soho
I call back my divine spree
My nebulous skin opens forth
As it did with the wildly sights
The passengers come forth
The dark train leaps forth
The tulle disk hour is gone
For it braids within the nightmarish high
The evening skies that simmered through
For the deadly hours run by
As the daisies open forth
As the Lilacs spread their lofty wings sky high.
School-age child and his psychologyAbdukadirova Mahliyo
Faculty of Primary Education, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Tashkent Uzbekistan
Abstract: In the article, we will get acquainted with the education, upbringing and psychology of school-aged children. Information is given about the circumstances of early childhood and the circumstances that develop in the child's age and psychology. Parents are also informed about how to react at this time and what they should pay more attention to.
Key words: Psychology, early childhood, preschool education, age crisis, cognitive process, intensive memory.
Since when did psychology develop at this level, not only for school-aged children, but for everyone in general, the attention given to it has rapidly increased, and today such questions have increased a lot. From the years of independence, the attention to people began to change, their value was appreciated, and hopes for the future grew. Not only adults, but also children, their education has reached an important level. One of the main goals is to increase attention to them from childhood, to teach them the first stages of education before they reach school age, and to pay special attention to the psychology of each child. The future is in the hands of these children, so it is the duty of adults to create enough opportunities for them today. Every child starts his education in his family, then when he reaches a certain age, he goes to preschool, then to primary school, and so on, of course, his psychology also develops.
Psychologists define preschool age as three to seven years. Because the periods of crisis that occur in every era begin precisely in childhood from the age of three. A child who has reached the age of three begins to experience the first age crisis. At the same time, seven years are also called such a period of crisis. Of course, the reason for this is the school-going age, which is the period of every child's life from the first age crisis to the second age crisis, and it is also a very important period for pedagogues and psychologists. After a three-year-old child begins preschool education, very different changes begin to be observed in him, that is, now he begins to help, think for himself, make decisions, and even behave like adults. It is a period of rapid growth and development of the child to understand what is happening around him. When starting preschool education, parents give him the main support, the skills and qualifications that he has, because the process of transitioning from playing games to preparing lessons begins. A child who grows up playing various role-playing games and imitating them no longer imitates them at the age of five. His psychology now begins to prioritize education.
According to psychologists, it is very good for a child to grow up playing various games, because by playing games, he creates an event or a fairy tale, he searches for names for the characters in it, and the game during the playing process, they organize a conversation with each other, of course, this significantly increases the process of communication in the child. A child who has reached the age of six now wants to increase his conversation with children of the same age. Three or four children become friends together, their interest in drawing and listening to fairy tales increases. Of course, a child who is interested in doing everything has whims and masculinity, but it is easier to get out of such a situation by trying to understand him and not just leave him alone. This is how we can answer the question of how the psychology of a preschool child changes. A child of that age has a very good memory, but a child cannot imagine something without seeing or touching it. That is, his imagination will be limited. Parents and children to develop it he should take him on more walks, take him to museums and similar places and patiently and attentively show and explain everything. He should talk with the child about what he saw, ask questions and answer all the questions of the child. Of course, with this, memory develops intensively, the child's attention increases. It is very important to strengthen and develop memory in school-aged children.
Rapid mental development at preschool age, that is, the child's excessive curiosity and asking many questions, is also found in his psychology. As a result, the child develops cognitive processes: memory, attention, thinking, speech, emotion, imagination and creative abilities. A parent who sees a child's mental development and is not indifferent pays him a lot of attention and helps him take the first steps for his future. When a child comes into the world, it is like a white sheet of paper, and when the feelings that we count as adults are formed in him, gradually his life develops mentally and spiritually. School-aged children start coloring this white paper due to their interest in various things, and parents play the biggest role here. That is, they help the child to paint this white paper with suitable colors. In order to know and understand all this, first of all, they should be able to understand the child's psychology and show the right way. Giving birth to a child does not mean that everything is fine, the most important thing is to be able to give him appropriate education. Because that child is considered a person in society, a person who has not received proper education is not considered important for any society.
References:
1. Ghaziev E.G. General psychology. Tashkent. 2002.1-2 books
2. Vahidov M., Psychology of preschool education, Tashkent 1970.
3. Karimova V.M. Sunnatova R. Independent thinking Tashkent "Sharq" 2000
4. Nishonova Z.T Independent creative thinking Tashkent "Science" 2004
5. Ghaziyev E. Psychology of thought Tashkent "Teacher" 1990
6. Salayeva L.Sh. Child psychology and its study. Tashkent 2022
7. Khaitboyeva N. Rahimova U. Characteristics of children's psychology.
The revival and development of national cultural heritage is the valuable treasure of Uzbekistan.
UDC: И 37.02
Mirsalixova Robiya
Mirsalikhova Robiya
Student of Uzbekistan State World Languages University
E-mail: mirsalikhovar@gmail.com
Annotation
The article is intended to examine the significance of the national self-awareness in the revival and prosperity of Uzbek culture.At the present stage of human development, marked by accelerating globalization processes, the problem of spirituality and spiritual values is more relevant than ever. Undeniably, the national self-awareness serves as a foundation to the strong revival and cultural prosperity. As socio-historical experience testifies, underestimation of spiritual heritage leads society to spiritual poverty and degradation, a crisis of culture itself. The past twentieth century has clearly demonstrated what happens to a person when he loses value guidelines and life meanings, when religion and morality as traditional carriers of spirituality gradually cease to fulfill their functions, and technogenic civilization gives rise to spiritual limitations.
Keywords: spirituality and spiritual values, national independence, social life, national self-awareness, national pride, literature and their popularization.
Spirituality is a complex and multifaceted concept. During the reign, of Islam Karimov published a number of books, most of which were published in the 90s. One of the valuable one is considered to be a book so-called “High Spirituality is an invincible force”. The book “High Spirituality is an invincible force” comprehensively analyzes the content of spirituality as a complex and multifaceted concept at the theoretical and practical levels[1]. It is unique to humans and covers a wide range of human activities. Spirituality represents the essence of man as a socio-cultural being.[2] It is not limited to the framework of religion, science or art, but covers all aspects of human life and permeates all forms of social life, ennobles and brings a higher meaning to everything. It is the total organic unity of such truly human traits as truthfulness, spiritual purity, conscience, honor, patriotism, love of beauty, hatred of evil, will, perseverance. Together with human qualities, spirituality also covers spiritual culture, both in a broader aspect – science, philosophy, morality, law, literature and art, education, media, customs, traditions, and in a narrow sense – religion and spiritual practice itself – worship, cult, religious rituals, religious art.[3]
After gaining national independence and state sovereignty, profound internal changes began in the political and economic life of the republic. Transformation processes covered almost all aspects of life in the republic. A special role in the process of formation of civil society belongs to the revival of spirituality. Thus, immediately after the declaration of independence in Uzbekistan, the strengthening and development of the sphere of spirituality of the people was recognized as a priority direction for building a legal democratic civil society in the republic, along with the economy. In the process of transition to a market economy, the national-historical features of the way of life, customs and traditions of the people were taken into account.
Thus, from the first days of independence, the revival of spiritual values by the country’s leadership became the most important task, raised to the level of state policy, and began to be considered as an organic, natural process of growth of national self-awareness, a return to the spiritual origins of the people, their roots. Thanks to independence, the opportunity arose to study and revive the spiritual heritage of our great ancestors. Events dedicated to their anniversaries were held jointly with UNESCO. [4]For example, in September 1991, the republic widely celebrated the 550th anniversary of the founder of the Uzbek literary language, Alisher Navoi. In honor of this event, the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan was named after Alisher Navoi, the State Prize named after Alisher Navoi was established, and such works as “Lison ut-tair”, “Sabayi Sayyor”, “Farhad and Shirin” were published. , “Leili and Majnun”, “Khairat-ul Abror”, films and stage productions were created[5].
Folk art is not only one of the spheres of traditional culture, but also one of the most important components of spiritual heritage. Its revival contributes to the improvement of society, its self-organization and self-regulation in the process of transferring cultural values, experience, knowledge from one generation to another, affects the moral and psychological climate in society, providing its development with an optimistic orientation, stipulating the steady progress of social relations that contribute to the harmonious development of free personality in the conditions of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. With independence, folk art became one of the main factors in the revival, development and strengthening of the spiritual foundations of a renewing society.
It should be especially noted that, starting from 2017, issues of culture and cultural values have become the highest priority in state policy. Currently, in our country, on the basis of the Action Strategy for five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017–2021. Large-scale transformations are being carried out in all areas and industries. At the same time, special attention is paid to further strengthening noble values and traditions in our lives. In accordance with the adopted Strategy, practical steps are being taken to develop culture, art, literature and the media. At the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, work aimed at in-depth research into the unique cultural heritage of our people, establishing interfaith and intercivilizational dialogue, widespread propaganda of educating young people in the spirit of humanistic ideas and national pride has been strengthened and expanded on a large scale. Thus, one of the first resolutions signed by Shavkat Mirziyoyev as President was the resolution on the widespread celebration of the 80th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding poet and writer Erkin Vakhidov, who made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek literature and culture.[6]
A special resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 13, 2017 “On the program of comprehensive measures to develop the system of publishing and distributing book products and improving the culture of reading” was also adopted. [7]They are aimed at solving such important problems as high-quality publishing of books, timely delivery of book products at reasonable prices to places, including educational institutions, translation of the best examples of national and world literature, developing in the younger generation from early childhood a love of books and skills reading e-books, increasing the reading culture in our society. Attention is paid to posting on the Internet the best works of classics of Uzbek and world literature and their popularization, as well as ensuring accessibility for a wide range of readers.
The cultural policy of the state, based on the humanization of artistic life, the establishment in various spheres of art of freedom of creativity, free choice of themes and artistic means of expression, as well as the multi-vector nature of cultural relations and the entry of Uzbekistan into the world cultural space had a positive impact on the processes of revival and development of artistic culture republics.
References.
Mirsalikhova Robiya Timurovna. (2024). Islam Karimov as a daring initiator and confident catalyst of conducive alterations in Uzbekistan. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28, 1–5. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/zjssh/article/view/4899
Эркаев А. Духовность – энергия независимости. Ташкент: Маънавият, 2001.
Ҳакимов А. Искусство Узбекистана: история и современность. Ташкент: San’at. 2010
Каримов И.А. Высокая духовность – непобедимая сила. Т., «Узбекистан», 2008
[1] Mirsalikhova Robiya Timurovna. (2024). Islam Karimov as a daring initiator and confident catalyst of conducive alterations in Uzbekistan. Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28, 1–5. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/zjssh/article/view/4899
[2] Эркаев А. Духовность – энергия независимости. Ташкент: Маънавият, 2001.
[3] Каримов И.А. Высокая духовность – непобедимая сила. Т., «Узбекистан», 2008
Sulayman Bakirgani Sulayman Bakirgani (Hakim ata) – (? Bakirgan village, Khazorasp district, Khorezm region – 1186) – a great representative of Sufism, a poet.
Follower of Ahmed Yassavi sect. Information about his life is mixed with different narratives. Popularly known as “Hakim Ota”. He was a murid (disciple) of Yassavi, and gained the attention of his elder with his talent and poetic talent. Boqirgani deepened the rules of his teacher’s sect and brought it to the masses. He created in a simple, fluent style.
In 1991, I finished reading the 1st book of the book “Hakim Ota Kitobi” published by Nasaf publishing house.
The book consists of 11 chapters, i.e. narratives, in which there are several narrations of the sheikh from his childhood to his death.
In particular, I found out what kind of students Ahmed Yassavi became, why they were called Bakyrgani, and how they got the name Hakim Ota.
Each story is very instructive and conclusive.
The main content of the book is the idea of the foundation of the Yassawiya sect: “A sect without Sharia, enlightenment without sect, no truth without enlightenment.”
The blessings shown to the sheikhs in some places showed that they had reached maturity.
Along with Baqirghani, there is also information about his sons Mahmud, Askar, Hubbi sheikhs and valamats such as Jalaluddin, Zangi father, Said father.
Also, the places related to Anbar, the wife of Sulayman Bakirghani, can be an example for our women today.
Abstract: In this article, scientific proposals and recommendations based on scientific basis and formulated by the author on this issue are expressed
Key words: mother tongue, Uzbek language, education, state language
Introduction:
All created living beings in the world have their own mother tongue from the womb. The mother tongue is ingrained in the human mind from the time it was in the mother’s womb. When a mother talks to a child for the first time, he learns his mother tongue through the fairy tales told to him by his grandmother. He learns his mother tongue. He knows the world through his mother tongue.
Language is a legacy from our ancestors. Language is our identity, our today, our tomorrow, our national pride. There are countries in the world that still do not have their mother tongue as a state language. They have to learn other languages in order to work and live. We also once had our own language, but there were times when we could not do business in our native language. Thankfully, our country has developed further, and on October 21, 1989, our native language was given the status of a state language. Our Uzbek language is also taught in the educational institutions of some countries. Let’s respect our mother tongue. All countries in the world strive to preserve their native languages.
In conclusion, we should say that the language is the heritage of the state, the main distinguishing feature of nations is language. The prestige and prestige of the country that respects its language will increase. This is in the hands of the people. We, the Uzbek people, should know our own language and honor it based on our Uzbekism. Since the Uzbek language has received the status of a sovereign language along with all official languages in the world, every citizen of Uzbekistan must know the state language.
Uljaboeva Hilolaposhsho was born on April 24, 2001 in Baghdad district of Fergana region. She is currently a part-time student of Kokan State Pedagogical Institute.
