HIDDEN HISTORY IN THE EYES: THE INNER WORLD OF HUMANS

Abstract: This article is devoted to revealing a person’s inner world through the eyes. The author interprets the eyes not only as organs of sight but also as the most reliable mirror of human psyche, emotions, and inner history. The article vividly and profoundly depicts how the eyes reflect human experiences, memories, dreams, and inner sufferings. It also analyzes the possibility of understanding a person’s psyche, personal values, and worldview through the eyes. Written in an artistic style, the article harmonizes psychological and philosophical perspectives, allowing the reader to feel the complex and rich layers of a person’s inner world.

“The eye is a secret, the heart is a sea, the mind is the shore.”

— Rumi

Human eyes are not merely organs for seeing, recognizing, or being recognized. The eyes are the oldest book of a person, the most meaningful language in silence, a unique means of communication that needs no translator. Sometimes one cannot trust a person’s words, yet a fleeting sparkle in their eyes can reveal their entire life. A person’s inner history, experiences, suffering, joy, and dreams—all of these fit into these two small windows.

Reading the hidden history in the eyes means feeling the person, understanding their heart, comprehending them without repeated words. One glance draws a person closer, another pushes them away through the years. The eyes have their own truth, their own seal: there is no deception, no sarcasm, no place for polished words.

Every person’s inner world is unique. In someone’s eyes, the dust of ancient cities, old experiences, and heavy trials are reflected. In another’s eyes, there are yet unwritten pages of life—purity, dreams, simple trust. The eyes are a magical bridge that unites a person’s past and future. As long as a person lives, every experience, every loss and gain, every suffering and joy leaves a new line at the bottom of these eyes.

Sometimes people hide their eyes—they fear their own histories and do not wish to reveal the stories within. But it is impossible to completely cover the eyes. A person reveals themselves even without words. Compared to a world tired of excessive words, the eyes speak truth like a wound: noticeable, yet impossible to conceal.

The idea that the eyes are the mirror of the soul is not merely figurative. A person’s inner world, psyche, upbringing, past, and even what kind of person they will become in the future can be sensed there. By looking into someone’s eyes, one can feel who they are, what they have experienced, what they long for, and what they fear.

A person who can read the hidden history in the eyes understands others quickly. For this history never lies. There are no extra phrases in the conversation of the eyes, only inner truth. Some eyes comfort, some give strength, while others carry traces of hopeless events. Behind every gaze lies a world—a universe—a person.

Therefore, if you want to know a person’s inner world, first look into their eyes. There lie unspoken words, unfinished stories, deep thoughts, and hidden secrets. In every person’s eyes is a history written by themselves but never read to anyone.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes also allows analyzing people’s emotional and mental states. Every glance, every tremor, every smile reflects the questions and answers a person gives to themselves. Thus, the eyes are not only a spiritual mirror but also witnesses of the passage of time, human experiences, and inner changes.

The struggles in a person’s inner world are reflected through the eyes. Sometimes in subtle expressions, sometimes in sharp gazes. For instance, when a person recalls a painful memory, dark clouds appear in their eyes; in moments of joy, light shines. These moments, memories, and feelings are all written in the inner history of the eyes, and this history is never forgotten.

Understanding a person through the eyes is not just looking; it is a harmony of thought, intuition, and inner feelings. Sometimes the smooth silence of the eyes says more than words ever could. The eyes are the most truthful part of a person, leaving no room for lies or hypocrisy. Therefore, by observing the eyes, one can sense not only a person’s mental state but also their personal values and worldview.

Every person creates a hidden bridge between past and future in their eyes. Through the eyes, they recall past mistakes, successes, loves, and losses. In this way, the eyes become an open book of a person’s personal history, where every page is an event, every gaze a trace, every slight tremor an emotion.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes helps to understand a person more deeply. This study is not merely observation but feeling, accepting the learned knowledge with the heart. Therefore, the eyes are the most reliable means of exploring a person’s inner world, for they never lie.

The eyes have a unique magical power: they reveal a person’s inner world, memories, dreams, fears, and hopes. In this way, one can learn much about a person’s mental state, human behavior, and personal values. The eyes are a vivid expression of the richest and most complex history of a person.

The role of eyes in human psyche is not limited to individual memories; they also reveal subtle connections in social relations. Through the eyes, a person connects with others, expresses feelings, and even communicates without words. In this sense, the eyes are one of the oldest and most universal “languages” in human history. Each gaze provides the opportunity to read a person’s unique history and personal experience.

The human inner world is complex and layered. The eyes are like a window that reveals these layers one by one. In one glance, the simple memories of childhood are reflected; in another, the deep thoughts of adulthood. Through the eyes, a person’s inner experiences and emotions are revealed: calmness and anxiety, hope and worry, joy and suffering coexist.

Furthermore, the eyes reveal a person’s personal values and worldview. Through them, a person understands their inner problems and dreams, compares themselves with others, and shapes life decisions. Therefore, studying the eyes is an essential tool for understanding the human psyche. Eyes are delicate and precise indicators that provide a map of a person’s inner world.

Studying the hidden history in the eyes is interesting not only psychologically but also philosophically. Every gaze reflects the complex connection between a person’s past, present moment, and future. In this way, the eyes become a key that helps to understand a person’s inner world more deeply.

The Human Factor in the Linguistic Picture of the World

Abstract:

This article discusses anthropocentric linguistics, its emergence, the main directions of this branch of linguistics, and the relationship between ideas expressed in language and the human factor.

Key words: anthropocentric linguistics, language, information, cultural code.

From the moment a human being is born and grows, almost all of their needs in life are expressed through language. By speaking, a person not only conveys information to others but also assimilates certain messages from them. All these processes are carried out through language, which serves as a means of communication. Thus, a human being is a user of language. However, interpreting the issue only in this way would be incorrect. Anthropocentric linguistics, which emerged in the nineteenth century, put forward exactly this principle. According to it, a human being not only uses language but also stands at its center, creates it, and expresses their emotional state and certain information through it. Anthropocentric linguistics embraces this aspect as a central concept. Indeed, a person can communicate almost every experience related to themselves and their inner world to society through language.

Before discussing the world and its linguistic picture, let us first answer the question of what language itself is. Language is understood as a set of units that are previously known to all members of a particular society, prepared for use, common and obligatory for everyone, serving to express thought and other purposes, as well as the laws governing the combination of these units. Ferdinand de Saussure defines language as “a system of linguistic signs that exists in the minds of the members of a society.” Roman Jakobson, in turn, describes language as “a code in which units are arranged in a certain system.” Indeed, as noted above, each element of the language system is prepared in advance for human speech.

Y. Stepanov expresses the following view on the concept of language: “Language is not only a system of signs but also a bearer of cultural meaning. Language is closely connected with culture; therefore, language is a cultural code.” The values formed over centuries by each nation and the elements associated with them are expressed in language. Values that reflect the identity of a nation introduce it to the entire world. For example, the image of the Uzbek people is embodied in the eyes of the world through national clothes such as adras and atlas, historical monuments, handicraft items, and national knives decorated with traditional patterns.

A code is a set of signs that is understandable to a particular group, consists of a specific system, and obeys certain rules. Therefore, since language is understandable to a nation and reflects its identity, it can also be perceived as a system of signs, that is, a code. The linguistic picture of the world refers to a set of characteristics unique to each nation that express its identity. Every people and every nation is unique and unrepeatable. Their languages are also diverse. Traditions and values naturally differ from one another as well. Undoubtedly, these elements related to a people find their expression in language.

Language is a means through which the inner world of a person is expressed in existence. Studying the language of a particular nation opens the way to studying that nation itself—its history, culture, and other elements closely connected with national identity. Even concepts related to time and temporality can be expressed in language. People’s culture of communication with one another, affectionate expressions toward children, attitudes toward animals, the plant world, and nature in general, as well as religious values and beliefs—all of these are reflected in language. Therefore, the linguistic picture of the world may differ among nations.

For example, in the Islamic world, there are halal foods permitted for consumption and haram foods that are forbidden. It is well known that a ram is considered a halal animal. At the same time, the name Qo‘chqor exists among the Uzbek people. This can be an example of an anthroponym (personal name) formed on the basis of religious concepts. This, in turn, illustrates the reflection of national mentality in language.

Let us consider another example: the bear is an animal commonly found in forests and mountainous regions. For instance, it is widespread in Russia. Due to the climate and nature familiar to them, this animal has, over the years, become one of the anthroponyms among the Russian people. This exemplifies the reflection of nature in language. Likewise, the Uzbek people have historically been a nation of craftsmen. They were mainly engaged in agriculture, horticulture, and handicrafts. As a result, this has been reflected in language, and names such as Teshavoy and Boltavoy have appeared among Uzbek anthroponyms.

Moreover, the Uzbek people have traditionally been child-loving, hospitable, and attentive to bonds of kindness and compassion. Naturally, this is also expressed in language. There are numerous proverbs, instructive stories, and fairy tales related to this in the Uzbek language. For example:

“A guest enters through the door, but their sustenance enters through the crack.”

In addition, words such as “mother,” “life,” and “homeland” in the Uzbek language do not convey the same lexical meaning in other languages. For instance, in Uzbek, ona (mother) is not merely a person who gives birth to a child, but also a symbol of affection and compassion. Since the mother is considered a sacred figure among our people, poems, epics, stories, and novellas glorifying her have been created. This concept is even mentioned in hadiths.

Let us take the concept of homeland as another example. For the Uzbek nation, homeland is the place where one is born and raised, where one’s umbilical cord blood was shed, where a mother’s lullaby was heard, where ancestors lived, where time was spent with loved ones, and where the joys of childhood were shared with friends. In the Uzbek language, there are many poems, epics, and proverbs related to the lexeme Vatan (Homeland), such as:

“If your homeland is peaceful, you are peaceful.”

“If your native land is safe, your face will not pale.”

“If you have a homeland, you have wealth.”

This word is expressed differently in different languages and conveys different meanings depending on the mentality of the people. Each language has its own subtle nuances of meaning. For example, in English it can be expressed by words such as homeland, country, or motherland. However, these words lack the emotional coloring inherent in the Uzbek concept of ona yurt (motherland). This is because customs and national feelings differ. Thus, we can understand that the human factor plays an important role in the formation, expression, and active use of every lexeme in speech.

In conclusion, language is the inner world of a human being. It expresses everything in its own way. Peoples living in hot, desert regions may love their sands and warm climate and express this in poems and epics, while those living in predominantly cold climates glorify their specific weather conditions. These elements even turn into similes and metaphors and are widely used in speech. Proverbs, folk songs, sayings, fairy tales, and other remarkable examples of oral folklore frequently contain expressions related to these elements. This is because language is always in motion. It is not merely a means of communication between people, but also a tool that expresses, interprets, and comprehends the model of the world as seen through human perception. Since peoples are different, and religions, languages, and cultures vary, the linguistic picture of the world also differs accordingly.

Fayziyeva Hafiza Alisher qizi was born on August 10, 2002, in Chust district, Namangan region. In 2024, she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Namangan State University. Currently, she is a second-year master’s student at the Department of Philology of Namangan State Pedagogical Institute, where she is conducting scientific research on the topic “Anthropocentric Linguistics and Its Study.”

Abdullayeva Feruza

Profi University

Field of study: Preschool Education and Methodology

Puchon University

Master’s student in Educational Management

Types of Visual Activities in Preschool Educational Institutions

Puchon University

Field of Study: Educational Management

Student of Group 1-C

Abdullayeva Feruza Khayrulla qizi

Middle group teacher at Preschool Educational Institution No. 18,

Gulistan City, Syrdarya Region

ABSTRACT

This article highlights the role of visual activities in the comprehensive development of children in Preschool Educational Institutions (PEIs), as well as their importance in the formation of aesthetic knowledge. Visual activities contribute significantly to the intellectual, emotional, and creative growth of preschool children.

Keywords: visual activities, didactic materials, colored pencils, herbariums.

Introduction

Relevance of the Topic

In preschool educational institutions, visual activities help develop analytical and synthetic thinking skills in children whose cognitive abilities are still insufficiently developed. Through visual activities, children are taught to perceive and represent the world through various colors, enrich their imagination, and learn to protect and care for nature and animals.

Object of the Research

The process of conducting visual activity lessons in preschool educational institutions and the observance of safety rules by teachers during the organization of these activities.

Main Part

A. Types of Visual Activities

Types of visual activities refer to the process of depicting objects, phenomena, or imagined images from the surrounding environment using various tools. This is a creative activity primarily based on visual perception and representation, and it is manifested in the following forms:

1. Drawing – Graphics and painting are widely used in preschool educational institutions within this field.

2. Sculpting – The use of three-dimensional forms. This method is applied when children create various objects using clay. It contributes to the development of fine motor skills and sensory perception. For example, children learn to distinguish between hard and soft, big and small objects.

3. Decorative and Applied Art (patterns and ornaments) – This type is mainly used with senior and preparatory group children, as they are capable of decorating with aesthetic taste. Considering the creative thinking and ability of older preschool children to create images, this activity can be effectively implemented.

4. Design Activities – Interior design, exterior design, clothing design, and others.

B. Materials and Tools

White paper, colored paper, and cardboard – Essential materials for creating visual works. In preschool educational institutions, white and colored paper and cardboard are widely used in visual activities.

Handout materials – Cards or various objects appropriate to the age group and topic, which help children acquire new knowledge.

Construction sets – LEGO blocks and sets designed for assembling parts, such as Mosaic, Tangram, and the Columbus Egg. These sets enable children to learn unconventional forms of sculpting.

Herbariums – Collections of dried plants commonly used in education, scientific research, or decorative and applied art. Flowers, leaves, and various plants collected during walks with preschool children can be dried and used in creative activities. For example, dried straw can be used to create decorative fairy-tale characters or animate certain scenes.

Colored pencils – Pencils of various colors used for drawing, coloring, and creative activities. They are generally divided into three types:

1. Standard colored pencils – Wooden pencils used for coloring.

2. Watercolor pencils – Coloring tools that produce color when mixed with water.

3. Pastel pencils – Soft pencils that produce bright and vivid colors.

Porcelain dough – Due to its properties, such as softness, flexibility, smoothness, and ability to take any desired shape, it is convenient for creative activities.

In preschool educational settings, children can also be shown that natural dyes can be obtained by cutting red beetroot into pieces and applying it to paper.

Conclusion

The conducted analysis shows that through various types of visual activities, children enrich their inner world, develop aesthetic taste, learn to perceive nature and the environment, and are taught not to harm them. In addition, visual activities help children understand changes occurring in the surrounding world, including seasonal changes in nature.

Expected Results

During visual activity sessions, children learn to complete tasks in an orderly manner without disturbing others, respect one another, share learning materials, and work collaboratively. Upon completion of the activity, children experience satisfaction and joy from their own work.

References

1. Sakulina, N. R. Drawing, Appliqué, and Clay Work in Kindergarten.

2. Kamorova, T. S. Visual Arts Lessons.

3. Khasanova, T. Sh. Teaching Visual Activities. Tashkent, 2020.

4. Mahmudova, O. A., & Mahmudova, S. A. Technologies of Working with Plastic Materials in the Preschool Education System (Textbook). Tashkent, 2019.

5. Abdirasilov, S. F. Methods of Teaching Visual Arts. Tashkent, 2012.

6. Shodiyev, A. S. Preschool Education Pedagogy. Tashkent, 2018.

Love Letter to Myself

Love letters don’t have to be happy.

And if I were to write one to you I know it would have to be sad

Just like it would be if I were writing to anyone else

So I would write to you as if you were someone other than myself

I would not write you a letter about how much I love you

I would write you a letter about my love.

I would write to you:

Dear whatever you would like to be called,

By name or by another thing that calls to you

I could call you stars

Because I do think you shine like them and you’re scattered like them

And you don’t shine half as bright as the other lights do but maybe that’s okay

Or I could call you tree

Because you seem to keep wanting to be or thinking you are

Being stepped on by rubber soles that will slip and fall and it’s all your fault

Or I could call you mine

A pickup line that would never really work unless you looked unlike you do

But in this case you are mine and I am yours we are each other and I could call you

Or I could call you nothing at all.

There’s so much I want to say to you and so little that I do.

Words are less than feelings, I think.

I don’t think I could describe everything I feel for you only in words

But I’ll try to paint a picture of you with your own fingertips:

You are in a tree,

And I know you say that a lot,

You are the tree or you are in the tree but I think it fits,

Because you feel safe in trees and you feel safe here in this letter

And you would sleep in a tree if you wouldn’t fall out

And you’d dream of falling up into the sky

In that beautiful blue that you love so much because it feels to you like a color that’s been lost

To the dull of the modern world but when you see the stars that have been for billions of years

You see the light again and you are happy.

I love how you can be happy.

How when you smile through your eye bags

I imagine I see little stars twinkling in the brown of your irises.

I love how you giggle when anything happens that you like

And I love how it sounds when you laugh.

I love that you laugh at everything even if it isn’t funny because to you it is

I love how you try to calm down when you’re excited but you never can

I love how your dimple on the left side of your face

Shows up when you smile

or when you frown

I love how you can be sad.

How when you cry through your eye bags

I imagine I see little stars shining in the tears in your eyes.

I love how you cry whenever you get upset

Because it shows you have real emotion, you are a sensitive person

I love that you cry at everything even if it isn’t upsetting because to you it is

I love how you listen to sad music and it only makes you sadder

I love how much you feel.

Love letters don’t have to be happy.

But I find that this one has strangely turned out to be.

Maybe I do love you, and so then you love me

Even though there’s a lot of things I still haven’t said

Like I hate how you hate yourself and your face, and your body

I hate how you look when you smile and I hate how you look when you cry

I hate how you’re not cool and everyone else is

But I know that you know about the things that I hate.

Because you hate them too.

Because you never stop and think about the things that you love about yourself,

Except for the occasional selfie that you delete the day after

Because what were you even gonna do with it anyway?

You’re just not all that, you think. But I think you are.

And I think you love yourself anyway.

You must love yourself because I know I love you.

I love you.

Love,

You

Somebody, light this

joint for me so we can pass

zen in a circle.

a bottle of red wine

in primordial forest:

man’s next telescope

I live, a Buddhist.

Is this why your manger chills,

plastic baby Christ?

Gazing Into the Boundless

A tiny puddle is a mirror!

and the one gently peering in

is the dandelion.

A flower gazes at its own reflection

in the tear-drops of the clouds.

2Like an old man,

the cherry tree is bent with age…

Yet youth blooms in every branch.

The only thing my soul needs

is a walking stick.

A bud is joy,

a flower is flame.

It came into this world

to burn.

The wind ploughs through the flowerbed;

one flower falls beneath another…

A flowerpot under a flowerpot—my perplexity is faster than a racehorse.

If destiny allows,

I would build a minaret—as grand as a pharaoh’s pyramid—out of a single poem.

I would plant flowers

all around it.

Then I would climb it gently

and gaze upon the world and its people.

I would ask applause for my poems

from whoever has read them—if anyone has.

I cherish poetry deeply,

even though it wounds my heart.

Wandering through astonishing flower gardens,

I place poetry

as a crown upon my head.

Let people send me their love

and call me king—I no longer mind.

Silence is comforting;

it buries the cries and sounds

of sorrow.

The morning sun is magnificent:

the flowers can hear

the sound of its light.

These mountains stand proud;

they pay no mind

to those who pass beneath them.

The sky is a vast embrace—wide enough to hold

every glance.

The poet is the guide of my soul;

from the light of faith

my feelings begin to bloom.

(Translated by Azam Abidov)

Nurbek Norchayev is a representative of modern Uzbek poetry and a poet. He was born on April 18, 1993, in Koson district of Kashkadarya region, Republic of Uzbekistan.

Memorial

‎

‎Memory does not do much harm without traces

‎That day, I suddenly found a memory

‎In the longitudinal section of the rib bone

‎I was overwhelmed with love and happiness

‎The tired heart swam in the water of my eyes

‎Promises were scattered from the soul,

‎A supernatural promise

‎The wound wanted to settle

‎But like many, I am nostalgic myself

‎So I postponed the amputation.

‎

‎A memory from the tomb of the river said,

‎’People who have lost their memory are helpless’

‎Even blood stirs up a thousand memories

‎The memories of the world never retire

‎You will return – I know it is pointless

‎Still, it is for a dignified life.

‎

‎One day I went to see the sea

‎There were countless memories on the beach

‎I picked up memories from the pebbles

‎Some memories shouted

‎’Forgive me, forgive me’

‎I couldn’t express my tears for you

‎The ocean’s tears were filled with memories

‎I didn’t pronounce it clearly with my open chest

‎Your name that you gave me

‎The ocean waited for me

‎I waited for your embrace.

‎

‎One day the rain touched my past

‎It wanted to give me freedom

‎It couldn’t erase all the sorrow

‎And couldn’t separate me from the sorrow

‎By the one who taught me to love

‎Only you can give me a river free from sorrow.

‎

‎You know, memories are eternal, heavenly

‎Revived in solitude

‎I will feel pride in your memory

‎As long as I live

‎I too have secret memories

‎There is the sorrow of losing my soul

‎Who will pay the price of losing my soul?

‎

‎Memories mixed with the intoxicating air

‎Who can afford to ignore it?

‎I continuously drink the essence of memories

‎Feelings hanging from a window filled with sadness

‎I remove the window curtain and see the horizon line

‎Where the poetic essence merges with the essence of me.

‎

‎No one questions the wind above my head,

‎The ground beneath my feet,

‎The waves of adolescence,

‎The dreams of youth,

‎The stars falling in the darkness,

‎The stopped watch –

‎How have they kept me?

‎

‎Don’t you ask – at what price is memory sold,

‎at what price is time sold?

‎I haven’t learned to sell memory

‎I haven’t learned to sell time

‎I couldn’t bow my head like a slave for a moment.

‎

‎Now the poetry shops are not crowded

‎Like the forbidden shops are crowded

‎Poetry does not glorify the soul

‎Because you do not recite the exiled poem

‎Open the window of the soul once

‎Purify my tears

‎With breath, purify the soil

‎Purify our surroundings again

‎Let’s drink together morning, afternoon, evening

‎Let’s drink hand in hand the song of time

‎Let’s release the anxious stars

‎Let’s embrace the earth deeply.

‎