An eponymous skateboard
My clamshell tilts to the left
like an offkilter ice cream
cone. Born & bred in the state
of Bosnia & Herzogevina,
from whence its name, Arch-
duke Franz Ferdinand. Also
from whence its major draw-
back, the fear of assassination
while wheeling down the road.
What the Dickens?
Nicholas Nickleby
escaped the pages
of that eponymous
novel & went off &
joined a boxing troupe
where he achieved
great success fighting
under the name of
Nickelass Knuckleby.
in bed, in lederhosen
Bertolt Brecht stirs beside me,
muttering something about Die
Moritat von Mackie Messer. On
the other side, in a mini dirndl
with white school sox, Lotte Lenya
murmers the words in a kind of
Sprechstimme, speak-singing the
English call it, as a means of dis-
guising the deterioration of her
voice. Kurt Weill is currently not
around; but the words, the mutter-
ings, impersonate his presence.
All this because it is extremely
uncomfortable sleeping in leather.
Even though it's soft, it sometimes
chafes the thighs, plus experts
warn that it stresses the material
& the seams. But I find that cer-
tain music will alleviate all dis-
comfort. Tonight it's Die Drei-
groschenoper. Tomorrow maybe
Bach, or Concierto de Aranjuez. A
few days in the nude will follow,
or up until the weather changes.
The / Manchurian Candidate / in another demographic
Project artichoke was a CIA
mind control program which
sought to determine if a sub-
ject under the influence of one
of many drugs could be made
to carry out an assassination.
Whiting moments, angry. (Psalm 69)
The Buddha said: "Touchy
people become offended, pay
their wrath forward." In
other words, some people
want shit to happen; & if it
doesn't, they do just enough
to make certain that it does.
Buddha won't be happy that
that's how it turns out; but
elsewhere, King David will
be overtaken by paroxysms
of delight. "Pour out your
wrath upon them; let your
fierce anger overtake them."
It is not marked on any map. It is neither in the mountains nor beyond the sea. It exists within a person. In that place, two voices live: one is fear, the other is love.
Aziza discovered this place at the age of 17.
From the outside, she was an ordinary girl — she studied well, was disciplined, and had dreams. But inside her, there was a quiet emptiness. Since childhood, she had learned to be strong: not to cry, not to share her pain, to say, “I can handle it myself.”
Her father was always away on business. Her mother was strong, but she hid her exhaustion. They loved Aziza, but their love was often unspoken. And unspoken love is sometimes misunderstood.
One day, Aziza failed an important exam.
Others saw it as an ordinary failure. But for Aziza, it opened that hidden place inside her. There, fear laughed:
“See? You are not enough.”
Aziza began to believe that voice. She grew colder. She shrank her dreams. She distanced herself from people. Because if you want nothing, then nothing can hurt you — at least, that’s what she thought.
But there was another voice inside her. It spoke very quietly.
One night, her mother came into her room. There was no long speech. She simply placed her hand on Aziza’s shoulder.
“My daughter, you fell. But I respect you not for falling, but for trying.”
That sentence echoed in the silence within her.
At that moment, Aziza understood something: love does not shout. It does not demand proof. It simply stands beside you.
The next day, she decided to fight not the exam, but her own fear. The results did not change immediately. Life did not suddenly brighten. But in that mapless place inside her, something shifted — the voice of fear grew quieter.
Years passed. Whether Aziza achieved success or not — that is not what matters.
What matters is that she learned to guide that inner place. She realized:
Love does not protect a person. It does not save them from pain. It does not even prevent them from falling.
Love is the reason we rise after we fall.
And the deepest truth is this: a person becomes strong not through others’ love, but when they learn to love themselves.
Now, in that mapless place, one voice is heard more clearly.
It is love.
Abdusalomova Marjona Jahongir qizi was born on May 30, 2008, in the Jizzakh region. She initially studied at School No. 38 in the Forish district until the 9th grade. Currently, she is studying in a specialized class focused on biology and chemistry at School No. 31 in Jizzakh city.
Marjona is the holder of more than 35 international certificates and is a participant in the city stage of the Zulfiya State Award. She has been awarded badges such as “Behbudiy izdoshlari,” “Ta’limdagi muvaffaqiyatlari uchun,” and “Millatlar mozaikasi.” She has actively participated in a number of international and national-level anthologies. In particular, she is a participant in the anthologies “Kelajak qalamlari,” “Tuyg‘ular daftari,” “So‘zlarimdan jahon eshitsin,” and “So‘z sayqali.” In addition, she is the author of the anthology “Men sharq qiziman.”
Marjona is a member of the Argentina Writers’ Union, and her articles have been published on the Google platform. She has worked as a coordinator in the Forish district for the “Oltin qanot volontyorlari” organization and is currently an official volunteer of the Girls’ Academy. She has also been actively participating in various international conferences and webinars. She served as the coordinator for scholarships and state awards during the April 15–19 program of the “NextGen Summit” project. She has also achieved success in education: she holds a B+ level certificate in her native language and a C+ level certificate in history. In addition, she is knowledgeable in logistics and is currently learning trading.
She has studied the Turkish language and has read more than 100 works of fiction. Marjona has also actively participated in courses focused on personal development, psychology, and entering the international arena. One of the most important and unforgettable moments in her life was when she achieved her first success and was awarded the badge “Ta’limdagi muvaffaqiyatlari uchun,” celebrating this joyful moment with tears together with her parents and loved ones.
EFFECTIVE WAYS OF USING FAIRY TALES IN DEVELOPING ORAL SPEECH
Soliyeva Dilshoda Tokhtamatjon qizi
Kokand State University,
Department of Special Pedagogy
II-year master’s student
dilshoda.soliyeva@qdu.uz
ANNOTATION
This article studies the pedagogical possibilities of using the fairy tale genre in the formation and enrichment of oral speech in primary school students. The study has empirically and theoretically proven that fairy tale texts have a positive effect on children’s vocabulary, speech fluency and communication skills. Classroom experiments, observation and questionnaire results show that fairy tale-based activities significantly develop students’ oral expression.
Keywords: oral speech, fairy tale, speech development, primary education, vocabulary, pedagogical technology, folk literature, communication culture, expressive reading, creative storytelling.
ABSTRACT
This article explores the pedagogical potential of using fairy tales as a means of forming and enriching oral speech in primary school students. The study theoretically and empirically substantiates the positive influence of fairy tale texts on children’s vocabulary, speech fluency, and communication skills. Results from classroom experiments, observations, and questionnaires indicate that fairy tale-based activities significantly improve students’ oral expression.
Keywords: oral speech, fairy tale, speech development, primary education, vocabulary, pedagogical technology, folk literature, communication culture, expressive reading, creative storytelling.
INTRODUCTION
A person’s place in society largely depends on his communicative ability, that is, the ability to express his thoughts clearly, fluently, and effectively. Primary school age is the most important stage of speech development, and it is precisely the skills formed during this period that serve as the main foundation for the rest of life. Therefore, the issue of developing oral speech in primary grades is one of the most priority areas of today’s pedagogy. Folk tales are the most natural and ancient companions of the children’s world. A fairy tale is not only a literary genre that combines an interesting plot and educational content, but also a centuries-old educational tool of the Uzbek people. With its simple, repetitive, musical and figurative language, a fairy tale easily enters both the child’s ear and heart. It is these features that make a fairy tale a unique pedagogical tool for developing oral speech.
The main purpose of the study is to show how primary school teachers can systematically and methodologically correctly use fairy tales in the classroom to develop speech, and to verify and prove the effectiveness of this activity in practice.
The objectives of the research are: to study the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the development of oral speech; to analyze the possibilities of the fairy tale genre in developing speech; to develop types of fairy tale-based activities; to draw conclusions based on the results of experiments.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
Literature Analysis
Speech development in childhood occurs through the social environment and active communication. This idea has been deeply studied in psychology, and many researchers emphasize the crucial importance of live communication with adults and peers in the child’s acquisition of language. The texts that the child listens to, repeats and reconstructs directly shape his attitude to language and speech perception. Mastering the narrative, that is, the story device at an early age, gives the child not only language, but also a logical way of thinking. A fairy tale is the simplest and most child-friendly form of this narrative structure: beginning, development, culmination and conclusion – these four stages form a natural model of orderly speech construction in the child’s mind.
The issue of developing oral speech in Uzbek pedagogy has been widely studied by such scientists as S. Matchonov, N. Qodirov, R. Kochkarova. Their works provide theoretical foundations for introducing fairy tales and other examples of folk oral art into the educational process and emphasize their positive impact on children’s speech [1]. In foreign literature, in particular, in studies conducted in English and Russian, it has been experimentally proven that lessons based on fairy tales can increase children’s vocabulary by 25-30 percent [2].
Methodology
The study was conducted in the 2023-2024 academic year with the participation of 2nd grade students of secondary school No. 45 in Tashkent (54 students in total). Students were divided into two groups – experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, lessons were conducted using a special methodology based on fairy tales; in the control group, traditional teaching methods were used.
The following methods were used in the study: pedagogical observation – students’ verbal activity in the lesson process was monitored; diagnostic interview
REFERENCES
Matchonov, S. (2018). Methods of teaching the native language in primary grades. O’qituvchi.
Qodirov, N., & Toshmatova, G. (2019). Modern methods of developing children’s speech. Pedagogy and Psychology, 3(2), 45-52.
Rahimova, M. (2021). Educational significance of folk tales. Continuing Education, 4(1), 67-74.
Normatova, D., & Xoliqova, S. (2020). Technologies for developing oral speech in primary grades. Sources of Knowledge, 5(3), 88-95.
Karimova, Z. (2022). Fairy tales and child psychology. Fan va texnologiya.
Yusupova, N. (2021). Developing speech through creative storytelling. Uzbek Language and Literature, 2(4), 112-118.
Xolmatova, R., & Sotvoldiyeva, M. (2023). Specific features of speech development in preschool and primary school children. Modern Education, 6(2), 34-41.
Dear Alexander, you are a very creative person – a poet and an artist! Tell us, who do you see yourself more? A poet or an artist?
Answer
I would not like to separate these two concepts. Being both a poet and an artist means thinking, connecting thoughts together, giving them a complete look and striving to present your work to the public. And being a poet or an artist, an architect, a designer or a musician is more about the forms and tools of presenting your thoughts.
For me, literary and artistic methods of work are familiar and convenient to the same extent. Some images are easier to present in the format of a poem, some in the format of a picture, in addition, there are visual people, there are audial. In my opinion, the information capacity (the main part) of poetic and artistic works is comparable.
I continue to explore this issue and right now, within the framework of our new working project “choism”, I strive to study and present the possibilities of both literature and fine art to the same extent.
You have recently created a new project called “Hyperpoem”. What prompted you to create this project?
Answer
This was and still is one of our most ambitious and time-consuming projects. It all started with a small publication on social networks, in which we asked the authors to write one quatrain each in order to collect them later into one work. The effect was amazing! Dozens of authors from different countries responded to this invitation. Then I realized that the project is relevant, interesting and useful for modern poets, of whom there are millions in the world!
But what purpose could be offered to them to continue the project and turn it into something more? A world record! It was a very solid and attractive overall goal, which gave the project clarity and symbolism, and the theme of “International Friendship” only further revealed the potential of both the entire Hyperpoem and each poet in particular.
What does poetry mean to you?
Answer
For me, poetry is a modern tool for the representation of thought. Of course, poetry itself and its role have changed a lot since the 18th and 19th centuries, and in the 21st century we must look for new ways to serve it for the benefit of humanity. In my opinion, Hyperpoem can serve as a good example, it is not a banal festival, creative evening or competition, but something new in nature – a socio-poetic phenomenon! Perhaps this is just what the literature of the 21st century can and should give us.
Tell us more about Hyperpoem. How many countries are participating?
Answer
Now poets from such countries as Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Brazil, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, England, Ecuador, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liberia, Macedonia, Malta, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Malaysia, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, Moldova, Myanmar, New Zealand, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Slovakia, Sweden, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USA, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Uganda, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe.
And these are only those participants who clearly indicated their countries, but some of them moved to live in others!
This is a world record project. What does it mean to you?
Answer
For me, the world record is, on the one hand, the stage of execution and implementation of the first stage of work on the project; on the other hand, it is the public recognition of our Hyperpoem. Already, according to a number of indicators, Hyperpoem is a unique phenomenon not only for the world of literature, but also for the history of mankind as a whole!
Do you think you are making your dreams come true?
Answer
Perhaps, yes… Hyperpoem was also a dream, but I shared it with hundreds and even thousands of poets around the world and our common dream became a reality!
How many months have you been working on this project?
Answer
We have been working on the project for almost two years. It was quite a busy stage of life, full of many related projects, interesting acquaintances, experiments, etc.
I want to note that our team does not plan to stop there, we will continue to work on the development of Hyperpoem in an updated format, because potentially it will be able to accept thousands more authors and actively live and develop for many years!
How many participants are involved in Hyperpoem?
Answer
In total, about 1,700 participants were noted in the Hyperpoem. I would like to note that it would not have been possible to achieve such a result without the active participation of our co-organizers: Dr. Joseph Spence, Kieu Bich Hau, Lou Fu (Hsu, Shih-Ting), Desa Dautovic, Miloš B. Ivetić, Marija Jotić, Eva Petropoulou-Lianou, Sadovskaya Lyudmila, Isilda Nunes, Stefania Danilova, Daria Galvas and special thanks to the ukiyoto publishing house, who invited hundreds of poets to participate in the project!
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS IN REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
Muxtorov Xabibullo Kozimjon o‘g‘li Student of Andijan State Technical Institute
Maxsudov Moxirbek Head of Department at Andijan State Technical Institute
Abstract
This scientific article is devoted to the study of modern technologies and methods used in reactive power compensation. The presence of reactive power in electric power systems can reduce the energy efficiency of networks, cause excessive voltage fluctuations, and disrupt system stability. Therefore, the implementation of reactive power compensation systems is important for ensuring the efficient operation of power systems and reducing energy consumption.
The article examines the main methods and technologies of reactive power compensation, including static and dynamic compensation systems, capacitor and inductive compensation systems, as well as automatic control systems. In addition, the economic efficiency and environmental impact of implementing these technologies are analyzed. The article emphasizes the necessity of applying modern technologies in order to improve energy efficiency, enhance the operation of power networks, and reduce environmental impact.
Keywords: Reactive power, compensation system, modern technologies, static compensation, dynamic compensation, capacitors, inductive compensation, automatic control system, energy efficiency, power network, environmental impact.
Introduction
Reactive power is a type of power that is used only for generating electromagnetic fields and does not perform useful work. It is mainly produced by electric motors, transformers, and other inductive loads. Excessive reactive power leads to voltage drops in electrical networks, energy losses, and reduced equipment efficiency. Therefore, its compensation is of great importance.
Modern technologies and methods for reactive power compensation play a significant role in improving the efficiency of power systems. By applying these methods, it is possible to reduce excessive energy consumption in networks, ensure reliable and stable system operation, and minimize environmental impact. Today, various methods have been developed for reactive power compensation, including static and dynamic compensation systems, capacitor and inductive compensation methods, and automatic control systems. These technologies significantly improve the efficiency and performance of power networks.
Reactive Power and Its Importance in the Network
Reactive power is a type of power in energy systems that is not associated with actual energy consumption but arises due to the phase difference between electric current and voltage. Excessive reactive power is mainly related to the presence of inductive loads, which reduces network efficiency. Muxammadov (2016), in his article “Main Methods of Reactive Power Compensation in Electric Power Systems,” analyzed the negative impacts of reactive power in the system and described compensation methods in detail.
Capacitor and Inductive Compensation Systems
Capacitor and inductive reactive power compensation systems are among the most common and effective methods. Capacitor compensation systems are used to fully or partially reduce reactive power and improve the efficiency of power systems. Jumaniyazov and Yusupov (2018), in their work “Capacitor Compensation Systems and Their Impact on Energy Efficiency,” explained the application of such systems in power networks in detail.
Inductive compensation systems also ensure the processing of reactive power, and their application in energy systems increases voltage stability within the network.
Dynamic Compensation Systems
Dynamic compensation systems include technologies capable of operating at high speed. They are used to optimize the variable characteristics of reactive power and prevent temporary voltage drops in the network. Such systems are especially effective in networks with large inductive loads. Qayumov (2020), in the article “Dynamic Compensation Systems and Their Efficiency,” analyzed the operating principles of such systems and the issues arising during their application in networks.
Automatic Control Systems
Automatic control systems play a major role in reactive power compensation. These systems are especially effective in cases where reactive power changes rapidly in the network. They make it possible to control reactive power in real time, thereby increasing the stability of the power system and reducing energy losses. Ismoilov and Zokirov (2019), in the article “Optimization of Reactive Power through Automatic Control Systems,” analyzed the advantages and practical applications of automatic control systems.
Economic and Environmental Efficiency of Reactive Power Compensation
Reactive power compensation not only improves the efficiency of power systems but also enhances economic and environmental efficiency. By saving energy and reducing excessive energy losses, the efficient operation of the network is ensured. Iskandarov (2017), in the article “Environmental and Economic Efficiency in Reactive Power Compensation,” demonstrated the environmental impact and economic aspects of reactive power compensation.
Advanced Technologies and Innovations
In recent years, reactive power compensation technologies and methods have played an important role in improving the efficiency of power systems, reducing energy losses, and minimizing environmental impact. Capacitor, inductive, and dynamic compensation systems, along with automatic control systems and advanced technologies, further optimize this process. The methods and technologies presented in research studies are considered effective tools for ensuring the stability of power systems.
Experimental Analysis
To evaluate the efficiency of reactive power compensation systems, experiments were conducted to study the operation of capacitor and inductive compensation systems in various power networks. These experiments assessed the energy efficiency of the system, excessive energy losses, and network stability.
Mathematical Modeling
Mathematical models were developed to simulate the efficiency of reactive power compensation. Using these models, the expected results of compensation systems under different operating conditions were predicted. The efficiency of compensation systems, voltage variations in the network, energy losses, and economic performance were modeled.
Simulation
In this study, simulation software was used to investigate the efficiency and energy stability of reactive power compensation in power networks. These simulations made it possible to observe, in real time, the results occurring during the compensation process in energy systems. Different compensation systems were analyzed and compared based on the obtained simulation results.
Statistical Analysis
The results obtained in the study were evaluated using statistical analysis. This analysis was applied to assess the efficiency of compensation systems, energy losses, voltage fluctuations, and the overall operational stability of the system. Statistical indicators were identified, and their impact on network optimization was demonstrated.
Results
During the research, the following main results and conclusions were obtained:
Efficiency of Capacitor and Inductive Compensation Systems
The research results showed that capacitor compensation systems enable fast and efficient compensation of reactive power. These systems quickly reduce reactive power in the network and improve energy efficiency. However, inductive compensation systems are mainly effective in systems with high-power inductive loads and provide energy savings during long-term operation.
Dynamic Compensation Systems
Dynamic compensation systems provide high-speed operation and optimize the variable characteristics of reactive power in the system. Simulation results confirmed that these systems reduce voltage fluctuations and ensure the stability of the power system. They are especially effective in preventing temporary voltage sags and short-term increases in reactive power.
Automatic Control Systems
Automatic control systems are effective tools that allow reactive power to be managed in real time. The research results showed that automatic control systems increase the stability of power networks and provide the ability to control reactive power at an optimal level. These systems are important for reducing excessive energy losses and improving the efficiency of system operation.
Economic Efficiency
Reactive power compensation systems can be economically efficient. As shown in the research, the implementation of compensation systems significantly reduces energy losses in power networks, thereby decreasing operational costs. In addition, ensuring stable operation of power systems improves the efficiency of industrial production processes.
The study demonstrated that modern technologies for reactive power compensation, particularly capacitor and inductive compensation systems, dynamic compensation systems, and automatic control systems, operate effectively. They improve the efficiency of power networks, reduce energy losses, and ensure system stability. Furthermore, the economic and environmental efficiency of these systems is considerably high, playing an important role in the optimization of energy systems.
Conclusion
This scientific article examined modern technologies and methods of reactive power compensation. The research results showed that reactive power compensation systems are highly important for improving the efficiency of power systems, ensuring network stability, and reducing energy losses.
The main methods of reactive power compensation, particularly capacitor and inductive compensation systems, dynamic compensation systems, and automatic control systems, significantly improve the efficiency of power networks. Capacitor systems provide fast and effective compensation of reactive power, while inductive systems are effective for long-term operation. Dynamic compensation systems ensure high-speed operation, reduce voltage fluctuations in the network, and increase system stability.
Automatic control systems allow reactive power to be controlled in real time, improving system efficiency and reducing excessive energy losses. In addition, the economic and environmental efficiency of reactive power compensation is significantly high, contributing to reduced energy consumption in networks and minimizing environmental impact.
References
Muxammadov, A. (2016). Main Methods of Reactive Power Compensation in Electric Power Systems. Tashkent: Fan va Texnologiya.
Jumaniyazov, D., & Yusupov, B. (2018). Capacitor Compensation Systems and Their Impact on Energy Efficiency. Energetika Journal, 32(5), 89–97.
Qayumov, N. (2020). Dynamic Compensation Systems and Their Efficiency. Electrical Engineering and Energy Systems, 44(3), 112–121.
Ismoilov, Sh., & Zokirov, I. (2019). Optimization of Reactive Power through Automatic Control Systems. Electric Power Engineering and Automation, 37(2), 58–65.
Iskandarov, R. (2017). Environmental and Economic Efficiency in Reactive Power Compensation. Energy and Natural Resources, 25(1), 123–130.
Sabirov, D. (2021). Advanced Technologies and Reactive Power Compensation. Energy Technologies, 52(7), 150–158.
Zaytsev, S., & Ponomarev, M. (2018). Efficient Technologies for Reactive Power Compensation. Efficient Management of Electric Energy, 10(4), 45–56.
Buryakov, V., & Sokolov, Y. (2019). The Impact of Capacitor and Inductive Compensation Systems on Energy Efficiency. Energy Resources and Systems, 23(6), 134–141.
Hingorani, N. G., & Gyugyi, L. (2000). Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems. This work presents the theoretical and practical foundations of FACTS technologies, especially STATCOM and SVC devices.
