“What do you seek” ? He questioned without looking at me
Politely, I replied, “Peace and Serenity”.
“Are you ready to renounce the world” ? he enquired asking me to sit
To which I replied,” No your holiness, I want to transform it”.
After seeking his blessings I came back
Walking bravely the same lonely track
I realised I had a different goal
I don’t fit into a sage’s role
God has made me a bard
To spread positivity through my art
Poetry for me is a “white dove”
Spreading messages of peace and love.
Harinder Cheema is an internationally renowned, award-winning poet, novelist, author, editor, anchor, and a motivational speaker. A Naji Naaman Laureate, she stands among distinguished global literary voices and has been featured in 50 Memorable Women, Asia by the Stockholm Project. Her work has also been featured in the prestigious Farsala Academy, Greece, and Café Philo, New Delhi. Her poems have been translated into many national and international languages. She is a motivational speaker and has been invited by many colleges and Universities of India as a guest speaker. She has also graced various national and international literature festivals and events as a distinguished guest.
(DOB 07/06/1973) is a passionate Indian Author-cum- bilingual poet while a tremendous Asst Professor of English by profession in the Ganjam district of Odisha. He is an accomplished source of inspiration for young generation of India. His free verse on Romantic and melancholic poems appreciated by everyone. He belongs to a small typical village Nandiagada of Ganjam District,the state of Odisha.After schooling he studied intermediate and Graduated in Kabisurjya Baladev vigyan Mahavidyalaya then M A in English from Berhampur University PhD in language and literature and D. Litt from Colombian poetic house from South America.
He promotes his specific writings around the world literature and trades with multiple stems that are related to current issues based on his observation and experiences that needs urgent attention. He is an award-winning writer who has achieved various laurels from the circle of writing worldwide. His free verse poems not only inspire young readers but also the ready of current time. His poetic symbol is right now inspiring others, some of which are appreciated by laurels of India and across the world. Many of his poems been translated in different Indian languages and got global appreciation. Lots of well wishes for his upcoming writings and success in future.
He is an award-winning poet author of many best seller books. Recently he was awarded Rabindra nath Tagore and Gujarat Sahitya Academy for the year 2022 from Motivational Strips. Jaidev Puraskar from Kavita Minar Badamba Cuttack A gold medal from world union of poets France & winner Of Rahim Karims world literary prize 2023.The government of Odisha Higher Education Department appointed him as a president to Governing body of Padmashree Dr Ghanashyam Mishra Sanskrit Degree College, Kabisurjyanagar. Winner of ” HYPERPOEM ” GUNIESS WORLD RECORD 2023.Recently he was awarded at the SABDA literary Festival at Assam. Highest literary honour from Peru contributing world literature 2024.Prestigious Cesar Vellejo award 2024 & Highest literary honour from Peru. Director at Samrat Educational charitable Trust Berhampur, Ganjam Odisha.
Vicedomini of the World Union of Poets, Italy. UHE awarded him the prestigious Golden Eagle award for his contributions to world literature in 2025.
Completed 257 epistolary poems with American poet Kristy Raines.
Bharat Seva Ratna National award 2025, International Glory award from Manam Foundation Hyderabad Telengana. On the eve of the 1979 Independence Day celebration he earned the Rashtra Ratna award & Maa Bharati Seva Sammana. In 2025 he received a doctorate in Humanity and Literature from Theophany University in Haiti with UNESCO, AEADO and the leaders of Autonomy International. The Prince of Crimea and the Golden Horde from the House of Genghis Khan gave him the prestigious title of “Honorary Bey.”
Received Sahitya Ratnakar from New Delhi 2025, Honorary Doctorate from RMF University collaborated with east and west university Florida United States of America on the eve of International Peace Day. Prestigious THE CONDOR OF ANDES from UHE Mexico 2025. PRESTIGIOUS DOCTORATE from VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE AND WORLD PEACE 2025. Nominated for Padmashree 2025. Three-time Gold from the world Union of Poets France. Doctorate from Theophany university Haiti contribution for the world literature 2025. SAHITYA RATNAKAR from New Delhi. Dr. Mayadhar Mansigh Saraswat Samman 2025. Doctorate in Gandhian Philosophy, Peace and Humanity 2025.
Doctorate from Victoria University for Peace 2026. UHE of Peru appointed him as a World Ambassador for Peace and Justice 2026.Valiant of the Nation Award 2026 on the eve of the 129th birthday commemoration for Subash Chandra Bose.
INTERNATIONAL BOOKS
1.Psalm of the Soul 2. Rise of New Dawn 3. Secret Of Torment 4. Everything I Never Told You. 5.Vision Of Life National Library Kolkata 6.100 Shadows of Dream 7. Timeless Anguish 8. Voice of Silence 9.I Cross my Heart from East to West and epistolary poetry with Kristy Raines, published in USA.
I can’t keep quiet about this: why do people have no sense of personal boundaries anymore? Every human being is created unique — from a fingerprint to a single strand of hair. So why, as time passes, are people trying to dress the same, think the same, behave the same? Why does “What will people say?” still remains the strongest fear in our minds? Life is given to us only once. Even in old stories, this life is described as a test — the result of Adam and Eve’s mistake. Yet despite that, God Himself says: “Walk the earth I created, see it, live it.” Then why should we spend our lives imitating someone else? Why do we immediately label a person as strange if they think differently, choose their own path, or bring a new idea? Why do we rush to voice opinions no one even asked for? As for me — I would rather protect my identity than live as a copy of someone else. Because this is my life: my face, my body, my style, my channel, my blog. In my opinion, the most foolish person is the one who changes themselves just to please others. If I want to dance — I’ll dance. If I want to laugh loudly — I’ll laugh. If I feel like wearing an eye-catching hairstyle or my favorite clothes — I will. If I’m overwhelmed and feel like crying — I’ll cry. This is my personal space. I don’t have the mindset of: “They didn’t play with me, so I won’t play either.” I’m not afraid of being different. And crying over the words of people who don’t matter? To me, that’s completely pointless. Life is unbelievably beautiful… Whatever judgments people may have, I will never lose my true self. For some, I may be a joy; for others, an inspiration; and for others still — someone they can’t quite understand. But no matter what, I am still one of a kind. I will always live while respecting my own desires. And even if I make mistakes sometimes, I’ll have no regrets — because I walked the path I truly wanted. My conclusion is simple: Respect yourself. Love yourself. People’s opinions are nothing more than dust blown away by the wind.
Maxsudbekova Farog‘at Izzatbek qizi (born 2010) is a talented student of the Ogahiy Creative School, as well as a young poet and publicist. Her scientific and literary works have been recognized both nationally and internationally. Farog‘at’s article was published in Turkey’s prestigious academic journal “Bilgi Çeşmesi,” which is indexed in databases acknowledged by the Higher Attestation Commission.
Her poems are regularly featured in well-known national publications such as “Tong yulduzi,” “Ezgu so‘z,” “Gulxan,” and “G‘uncha.” Her works have also appeared in several major anthologies, including “Successful Generation” (USA, Lap Lambert Publishing), “Raven Cage Zein,” and the inter-school anthology “Ijod bog‘idan guldasta,” where her poems have been published multiple times.
Farog‘at manages her own creative channel, where she shares her poetry in collaboration with over 200 fellow young authors. Her article dedicated to Muhammad Rizo Ogahiy was published in South Korea, further strengthening international interest in her literary work. Today, Farog‘at is known as a promising young literary enthusiast distinguished by her dedication, consistent creativity, and profound love for literature.
Trump Deploys ICE Agents to Stand In for Striking Minnesota Doctors
Citing understaffing, improper training and administrative overload, some 28,000 Minnesota physicians have walked out. The gesture was made in sympathy with the almost 400,000 health care workers who staged a work stoppage last Thursday.
In response to this health care emergency, President Donald J. Trump has deployed some 5,000 ICE agents to stand in for the idled physicians. “We can’t have this bullshit,” railed Trump from Mar-a-Lago’s Epstein Lounge today.
“What if there’s an emergency?” he cried. “What is somebody’s suffering from deadly bone spurs or somethin’? Or if he gets a bruise on his hand, or starts fallin’ asleep at meetings and stuff?”
Confusion has been rampant, as poorly trained, unlicensed ICE agents grapple with medical emergencies. In Minneapolis, a pregnant Somali woman visited a hospital in desperate need of medical treatment.
But when the ICE physician was summoned, he immediately demanded identification. According to the agent, “Dr.” Biff Sluggard, a former nightclub bouncer from Keystone, Colorado, who was attracted to the $50,000 ICE recruitment bonus, the woman proved to be a non-citizen, but had a green card.
Slamming the woman to the floor, the doctor/agent arrested her on the spot. Prior to incarceration, the woman was sped by ambulance across the northern border into Canada, for delivery.
This was done, said an ICE spokesperson, to forestall subsequent patient claims of birthright citizenship. “ICE don’t believe in the 14th Amendment,” said Sluggard with a grin.
Emergency responders reacted to a call for help in the downtown Minneapolis area, only to find Jose Ruiz, a father of three small children, who became trapped under an automobile when the jack slipped.
Deducing that the brown-skinned man, who had no papers, was illegal, they left him as he was and instantly took custody of his children, aged 1-7 years. Last word was that the children were en route to a containment warehouse in Muncie, Indiana.
So far as Humor Times could determine, the man remains trapped under his vehicle. At a community clinic in Rochester, a meaty ICE agent stood guard before the “Whites Only” entrance. Various patients approached the portal and were summarily turned away.
The patients were denied entrance, according to the guard, in order to “forestall contaminating blood lines.” Inside, the physician, who was identified as Dr. K. Noem, was at an adjoining animal shelter next door, executing dogs with a large caliber handgun.
Border Czar Tom Homan told Humor Times that ICE agents are a “natural fit” to replace “slothful and lazy physicians” who forgo work. “ICE agents,” rasped Homan, “are first and foremost enforcers: of immigration law, removal of felons and others who violate U.S laws.
“They conduct criminal Investigations in a manner similar to the way a doctor catalogs symptoms. We also conduct document inspections: you ever tried to get health care service without providing ID?” Homan asked. “Ain’t gonna happen.
“An’ we surveill and collaborate with other agencies. ICE agents,” said Homan, “can be used as a force multiplier. We do this,” he explained, “by stepping into duties that do not require doctors’ specialized screening training, like reading X-rays.
“ICE agents won’t be performing major surgery,” he said with a laugh. “I mean, no brain surgery or heart transplants or deliveries of babies. Unless,” he said, raising a thick forefinger, “they’re illegal. In that case, we’ll deliver the little bastard, but separate the child from the parents at birth. We’ll put ’em all in a cage!”
The decision to replace Minnesota doctors with ICE agents came about because of the success of Trump’s deployment of thousands of ICE agents to supplement the depleted roll of TSA agents who have been working at airports without pay.
Some 50,000 TSA workers have gone without a paycheck since DHS funding was denied on February 14. Trump said on Saturday that ICE agents would “do doctoring like no one has ever seen before.”
Trump said this includes “the immediate arrest of all Illegal Immigrants who have come into our Country, with heavy emphasis on those from Somalia.” Minneapolis, a hotbed of Somali occupation, is host to more than 107,000 such individuals.
Trump, who has often shown a flair for naming his various programs and policies, was asked what he’d call his Minnesota-based ploy. After a reflective pause, he replied, “I think I’ll call it The Final Solution. Kinda rolls off the tongue, don’t it?” he asked.
KDPI Faculty of Philology and Social Sciences Uzbek Language and Literature Department 1st-year student: Sevara Abduxalilova Email: abduxalilovasevara007@gmail.com
Abstract: This article discusses the life, scientific activities and great contribution of the great astronomer and statesman Mirzo Ulugbek to the development of science. His interest in science from a young age, the establishment of the Ulugbek Observatory, his research in astronomy and mathematics, and the history of the creation of the famous work „Ziji-i Koragani“are analyzed. Information is also provided about Ulugbek’s contribution to the development of science, his students and scientific school. The article considers the fact that the scientific heritage of the great scientist still retains its significance today.
The great scholar and statesman Mirzo Ulugʻbek (full name Muhammad Taraghay Ulugbek) was born on March 22, 1394, in the city of Sultaniya. He was the grandson of the great commander Amir Temur and the son of Shah Rukh Mirza. From an early age, he showed great interest in science, especially mathematics and astronomy. From childhood, he was respectfully called “Ulugbek,” and later he became famous under this name. Literacy, as well as the basics of religious and secular sciences, were not unfamiliar to young Muhammad Taraghay. He was a great astronomer and mathematician and had memorized the Holy Qur’an. Although his mother was Gawharshad Begum, he was raised in the court of Temur. According to tradition, the young prince was entrusted to the upbringing of Saroymulk Khanum, the chief wife of Sahibqiran.
Although not much historical information has been preserved about Ulugbek’s family and personal life, it is known that he was married and had children. His family was formed in accordance with the traditions of the Timurid dynasty to strengthen political and kinship ties. His wives held an important place in palace life; although they did not directly participate in state affairs, they were active in the cultural and social life of the court. Among his children, the most famous was his son Abdulatif Mirza. Unfortunately, the tragic end of Ulugbek’s life is connected with this very son. As a result of struggles for the throne, Abdulatif rebelled against his father and caused his death in 1449.
Speaking about his scientific activity and legacy, when his father Shah Rukh Mirza appointed Herat as the capital of the state, sixteen-year-old Ulugbek became the ruler of Samarkand in 1409, and in 1411 he became the independent ruler of Movarounnahr. Mirzo Ulugbek created the largest scientific school of his time. Many famous scholars gathered around him, such as the mathematician and astronomer Qazi Zada al-Rumi, the astronomer Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Kashani, and the scholar Ali Qushchi, who conducted research at Ulugbek’s observatory.
Ulugbek’s scientific works made a great contribution to the development of astronomy and mathematics. He is famous in the scientific world as a great astronomer. His greatest achievement in this field is the astronomical table known as Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy. This work served as an important reference for astronomers around the world for centuries. Ulugbek was also interested in medicine and music and wrote poetry. In Alisher Navoi’s work “Majolis un-nafois,” examples of his poems are presented. Four works of the scholar have survived:
“Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy” — on astronomy;
“A Treatise on Determining the Sine of One Degree” — on mathematics;
“Risola-yi Ulugbek” — dedicated to stars;
“Tarixi arba ulus” (History of the Four Nations) — on history.
Mirzo Ulugbek was not only an astronomer and mathematician but also engaged in architecture. Thanks to his architectural activities, Samarkand flourished. He turned it into a center of science and culture. On his initiative, the famous Ulugbek Observatory was built in Samarkand. This observatory became one of the largest scientific centers of its time, where many scholars worked. In his famous work “Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy,” the precise coordinates of more than a thousand stars were presented. Later, this work was widely used by European astronomers.
By his decree, madrasas were built in Bukhara in 1417, in Samarkand in 1420, and in Gijduvan in 1433. Charitable institutions were established in the city of Marv. Construction of architectural monuments such as the Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Gur-e-Amir, and Shah-i-Zinda was completed. Ulugbek also built caravanserais, markets, domed bazaars, and bathhouses. The Ulugbek Observatory, constructed in 1428–1429 on Kuhak Hill, is one of the finest examples of 15th-century architecture in Samarkand. During his reign, many works were translated from Arabic and Persian into Old Uzbek. His rich library contained more than 15,000 books.
The scientific legacy and historical significance of Mirzo Ulugbek are widely reflected not only in historical sources but also in literary works. One such work is the novel Ulugʻbek xazinasi by Odil Yoqubov. This historical-artistic novel depicts the life, scientific activity, and tragic fate of the great scholar and ruler. Although based on historical facts, the author presents a creative interpretation. The novel highlights Ulugbek’s boundless love for science, his qualities as a just ruler, and the complex political struggles of his time.
At the center of the novel lies Ulugbek’s scientific treasure—not gold or wealth, but his scientific works, astronomical observations, and scholarly school. In particular, his famous work “Ziji-i Ko‘ragoniy” is shown as a great contribution to world astronomy. The novel also portrays the political conflicts of his time. As a ruler devoted to science, he could not reconcile with certain forces and ultimately faced a tragic fate. Through this, the author artistically depicts the struggle between knowledge and ignorance. The main idea of the work is that science is humanity’s greatest treasure, and the legacy of great scholars is an invaluable heritage for future generations. Thus, “Ulugbek’s Treasure” emphasizes that the true treasure is not material wealth, but knowledge and enlightenment. We, in turn, are the heirs of Ulugbek’s treasure!
The name of Mirzo Ulugbek is forever engraved in history as a great scholar, wise ruler, and patron of science. His life and work demonstrate that true heritage is not material wealth but knowledge, intellect, and enlightenment. The scientific school he founded, the works he created, and the institutions he built still play an important role in the development of human thought. Only the younger generation who choose the path of science and strive to develop knowledge and intellect can continue the legacy of great ancestors and achieve new scientific discoveries in the future. Ulugbek’s scientific activity serves as an inspiring historical example, encouraging youth to pursue knowledge, research, and critical thinking. His contributions to science remain a powerful source of inspiration. Therefore, studying and promoting Ulugbek’s legacy is an important task for all of us. In conclusion, the true treasure is not material wealth, but knowledge and enlightenment.
References:
Ahmad Donish. Historical works. — Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Aziz Qayumov. Mirzo Ulugbek. — Tashkent: O‘qituvchi Publishing.
Boriboy Ahmedov. History of Amir Temur and the Timurid Era. — Tashkent: Uzbekistan.
ANALYSIS OF THE AGROECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DEVELOPING INTENSIVE FRUIT ORCHARDS IN HOUSEHOLD FARMS
Dangara District Technical School No. 3
Department of Agriculture and Services
Teacher of Plant Science
Ortiqov Umarqul Iskandarovich
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqola Oʻzbekiston sharoitida tomorqa xoʻjaliklarida intensiv mevali bogʻlarni tashkil etish va boshqarishning dolzarb masalalarini oʻrganadi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi – anʼanaviy bogʻdorchilik usullariga nisbatan intensiv tizimlarning hosildorlik, resurs samaradorligi va iqtisodiy rentabellikini ilmiy asoslashdir. Innovatsion yondashuvlar, jumladan, ixcham ekish sxemalari, zamonaviy sugʻorish texnologiyalari (tomchilatib sugʻorish) va yuqori mahsuldor navlardan foydalanishning agrar-iqtisodiy taʼsiri baholandi.
В данной статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы организации и управления интенсивными фруктовыми садами в условиях приусадебных хозяйств Узбекистана. Основной целью исследования является научное обоснование урожайности, ресурсной эффективности и экономической рентабельности интенсивных систем по сравнению с традиционными методами садоводства. Оценено аграрно-экономическое влияние инновационных подходов, включая компактные схемы посадки, современные технологии орошения (капельное орошение) и использование высокоурожайных сортов.
This article examines актуal issues related to the organization and management of intensive fruit orchards in household farms under the conditions of Uzbekistan. The main objective of the study is to scientifically substantiate the productivity, resource efficiency, and economic profitability of intensive systems compared to traditional horticultural methods. The agro-economic impact of innovative approaches—such as compact planting schemes, modern irrigation technologies (drip irrigation), and the use of high-yield varieties—has been evaluated.
In the strategy for modernizing agriculture in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the deepening of fruit and vegetable production occupies an important place. In particular, household (smallholder) farms play a decisive role in ensuring employment and diversifying sources of income. Traditional horticultural methods are often characterized by low productivity, inefficient use of resources, and delayed harvesting. This situation necessitates adapting intensive orchard technologies—widely gaining popularity worldwide—to the conditions of Uzbekistan.
Intensive orchards involve the use of high-quality, early-maturing, and disease-resistant varieties planted in compact schemes (usually up to 1000–2000 trees per hectare), along with modern micro-irrigation and maintenance technologies.
Although knowledge and practical experience in implementing intensive orchards currently exist, their microeconomic efficiency for small farms and household plots has not been fully quantified. In particular, under conditions of limited water resources, there is a need to assess the effectiveness of drip irrigation systems and to develop standardized maintenance schemes adapted to local soil and climatic conditions.
Furthermore, scientifically grounded approaches are required to ensure the ecological sustainability of intensive orchards, particularly in optimizing the use of pesticides and fertilizers. This study aims to improve the agrotechnical efficiency of establishing intensive fruit orchards in household conditions, compare their economic indicators (profitability, income) with traditional systems, and propose institutional mechanisms to support this process.
The results of this research will provide a scientific basis for transforming intensive horticulture into one of the key directions of Uzbekistan’s rural economy and will assist farmers and policymakers in ensuring sustainable rural development.
Literature Review
Global experience in intensive horticulture (for example, in Italy, Spain, and the United States) has been developed through long-term observations and requires the use of high-quality intensive training systems such as palmette and central leader forms.
Uzbek researchers such as M. Rasulov and A. Kholmatov have conducted scientific studies on adapting local varieties (such as apricot and apple) to intensive systems. However, most studies focus mainly on variety selection, while comprehensive analyses of irrigation, nutrient management, and economic evaluation in household conditions remain insufficient.
Research Methodology
The study was conducted during 2021–2023 in 10 selected household farms in Zangiota district of Tashkent region (5 intensive and 5 traditional), using experimental plots. The main research methods included:
Comparative statistical analysis: Yield (tons/ha), costs (million UZS/ha), and net profit (million UZS/ha) indicators of both groups were compared.
Agroecological monitoring: Soil moisture, nutrient uptake (NPK analysis), and water consumption were observed. In intensive orchards, the efficiency of drip irrigation (Water Efficiency Coefficient – WEC) was calculated:
Economic evaluation: Investment costs (seedlings, trellis systems, drip irrigation) and operational costs (labor, fertilizers, cultivation) were determined. Profitability was calculated as:
Expert assessment: Household owners’ challenges and knowledge levels regarding intensive technologies were evaluated through surveys.
All statistical data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS, with a significance level of .
Analysis and Results
Experimental results demonstrated a significant advantage of intensive orchards in fruit production. The three-year average indicators (per hectare) are as follows:
Indicator
Traditional Orchard (Average)
Intensive Orchard (Average)
Difference (%)
Annual Yield (tons)
15.8
45.2
+186%
Average Selling Price
8000 UZS/kg
10500 UZS/kg
+31.25%
Water Consumption (m³/year)
12500
6800
-45.6%
The sharp increase in yield (2.8 times) in intensive orchards is mainly due to dense planting (approximately 1500 trees/ha) and the use of early-maturing varieties. In traditional orchards, about 30% of land remains underutilized due to wide spacing between trees.
Water Efficiency:
The use of drip irrigation resulted in an average WEC of 0.88 in intensive orchards, significantly higher than 0.55 in traditional surface irrigation systems. This confirms the ecological advantage of intensive systems in water-scarce regions.
Economic Efficiency Analysis
Despite high initial investments, intensive orchards ensured higher profitability in a relatively short period.
Economic Indicator
Traditional Orchard
Intensive Orchard
Total Costs (million UZS/year)
22.5
48.0
Gross Income (million UZS/year)
126.4
474.6
Net Profit (million UZS/year)
103.9
426.6
Profitability (%)
461%
888%
Analysis:
The results confirm that the profitability of intensive orchards is nearly twice as high as that of traditional systems. This is mainly due to higher yields and better market prices for early produce. The payback period averages 3.5 years for intensive orchards compared to 4.5 years for traditional ones.
Discussion
The findings demonstrate that implementing intensive orchards in household farms has both strong agrotechnical and economic justification. The 186% yield advantage is primarily due to the use of high-yielding rootstocks and advanced agricultural practices.
Agroecological Implications:
A 45% reduction in water use is highly significant in water-scarce regions like Uzbekistan. Drip irrigation ensures precise water delivery to the root zone, minimizing evaporation and runoff.
Although intensive systems may increase risks related to fertilizers and pesticides, our observations show that fertigation allows more precise application, reducing total fertilizer use by 15% while increasing nutrient uptake efficiency, thus lowering environmental impact.
Economic Constraints and Strategies:
The main challenge is the high initial investment (120 million UZS/ha). Therefore, government support through subsidies, preferential loans, and leasing mechanisms—especially for irrigation systems—is essential.
The identified 888% profitability could increase further with improved value chains such as processing and direct marketing.
Capacity Building:
Managing intensive orchards requires skilled labor. Farmers need continuous training in pruning, tree formation, and agrotechnical practices. Success largely depends on the level of technological knowledge.
Relevance for International Journals:
These findings may attract international interest, as they provide a model for applying advanced technologies in smallholder farming systems in developing countries.
Conclusion
This study empirically confirms that the introduction of intensive fruit orchards in household farms is one of the most promising directions for developing modern agriculture in Uzbekistan.
Key conclusions:
High Efficiency:
Intensive orchards provide 186% higher yields and nearly double profitability (888% vs. 461%).
Resource Optimization:
Drip irrigation reduces water consumption by 45% and significantly improves water use efficiency (WEC = 0.88).
Economic Sustainability:
Despite high initial investments, the payback period is shorter (3.5 years), enabling faster financial returns for small farms.
Recommendations:
Government support through subsidies for seedlings and irrigation equipment should be expanded. Additionally, short-term training programs on intensive horticulture should be implemented.
Future Research:
Further studies should focus on fruit quality indicators (storage life, appearance) and assess the resilience of intensive orchards to climate change.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO’YXATI
1.Xolmatov A. R. Oʻzbekiston meva navlarining intensiv bogʻdorchilikka moslashuvi. // Qishloq xoʻjaligi ilmiy jurnali. – 2020. – № 4. – B. 45-51.
2. FAO. (2022). *Water productivity in fruit production in arid and semi-arid regions*. Rome: FAO Publications.
3. Ivanov, D. S., & Petrova, L. M. (2023). Economic evaluation of high-intensity farming models in Central Asian economies. *International Journal of Agricultural Economics*, 45(1), 77-92.
4. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Qishloq xoʻjaligi vazirligi. (2023). *Meva-sabzavot klasterlarini rivojlantirish konsepsiyasi*. Toshkent.
5.Brown, A. M., & Miller, C. R. (2020). Rootstock selection and tree training systems for maximizing fruit yield in limited space. *HortTechnology*, 30(5), 610-621.
6. Karimov, N. B. (2021). Tomorqa xoʻjaliklarida mikroirrigatsiya texnologiyalarining samaradorligi. *Oʻzbekiston agrar fanlari axborotnomasi*, 2(18), 112-118.
7. OECD. (2019). *Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities*. OECD Publishing, Paris.
8. Smith, R. T., & Jones, E. L. (2022). Financial payback periods for high-value perennial crops: A comparative study. *Agribusiness Review*, 15(2), 101-115.
9. Alimov, U. Z. (2020). Oʻsimliklarni oziqlantirish rejimlari (Fertigatsiya) va hosildorlik dinamikasi. – Samarqand: Fanlar nashriyoti.
10.World Bank. (2021). *Uzbekistan: Rural Development Strategy and Investment Opportunities*. Washington D.C.: World Bank Group.
11. Gʻaniyev, S. A. (2019). Qishloq xoʻjaligida innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etishning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy jihatlari. – Toshkent: Iqtisodiyot universiteti nashri.
12. Chen, L., & Wang, H. (2023). Precision irrigation techniques for water-scarce environments: A review. *Agricultural Water Management*, 280, 108150.
13. Ziyoviddinov, F. T. (2022). Mevali daraxtlarning bahorgi kesish texnikasi va uning mahsulot sifati nazoratiga taʼsiri. *Agronomiya va texnologiya*, 7(3), 55-62.
My name is Munisa Islomjonova, a young poet from Uzbekistan. I am a 10th-grade student at a specialized school in Kosonsoy, Namangan region. From an early age, I discovered that words have the power to express what the heart cannot always say, and since then, writing has become a part of who I am.
I am the author of “Sarhad Bilmas Orzular” (“Dreams Without Borders”), a book that reflects my dreams, emotions, and deep love for my homeland. Through my poetry, I try to inspire others, to show that no dream is too far and no border can limit imagination.
I believe I am only at the beginning of my journey, but my passion for literature continues to grow stronger every day. My goal is to share my voice with the world and leave a meaningful mark through my words.
