Evaluate D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers as a case study of Freudian psychoanalytical genesis of the emotion of love.

A son loving his mother too dearly and in turn, the mother who lavished all her affection upon her son. Elusiveness and mystification of the psychic conflicts between mother, lovers, father and sons framework engenders the Freudian psychoanalysis and thus underscores the Oedipal and Electra complexes. Mr. Lawrence voices the struggle of the central protagonist Pual Morel to emancipate himself from maternal allegiance and thus transfer his affections to a fiancee who belongs to another human creed. Furthermore, mother and son are one and the husband is completely effaced and the father exists merely as a harlequin humbug. 

Obsession with the possessive love between mother and son salvages the creaking domestic hearth’s explosive ambience from the parental violence and physical intimidation including banging fists, muffled voice, hurling of attics. Paul Morel’s tokens of love and appreciation such as the bouquet of flowers and extracurricular activities accomplished with accolades, medals and laurels become entirely dedicated to the heartfelt charismatic lady, Mrs. Gertrude Morel. This possessive obsession is explicated in the statements from the textual reference: “In the end she shared everything with him without know … She waited for his coming home in the evening, and then she unburdened herself of all she had pondered, or of all that had occurred to her during the day. He sat and listened with his earnestness. The shared lives.” Furthermore, this recreational exchanges and emotional correspondence provide salvation to Mrs. Morel’s macabre existence that compelled her life to a maniacal debacle, haunting the Derbyshire coal mining family.  

Eventually with the demise of the patriarchal head of the family, Paul Morel’s dilettantism and hedonism frame the newly orphaned boy to earn a thirty and/or thirty-five shillings a week. With that petty finance Paul Morel intends to pursue a Bohemian lifestyle except purchasing a real estate shanty cottage in the neighbouring countryside and live there with his mother happily ever after. In this episode, Paul Morel develops a romantic affair for the neighbouring farming family maiden Mirriam Leiver, a loner, reticent, exalted and reserved girl. Herein, the intruder motherly figure creeps into the lives of these romancers to a hellish extent and that her intrusion, however, can be solely vindictive in case of apprenticing Paul Morel to surgical warehouse for the rapid surge in effeminization.  

Nonetheless, Mrs. Gertrude Morel admonishes the camaraderie of vampirish girls such as Miriam Leiver emphasizing that, “She is one of those who will want to suck a man’s soul out till he has none of his own left.” This commentary satirizes the trenchant of a scathing wife to her husband.  Relationship between the newly piquant romancers thus prove to be a futile endeavour if analogies to textual references are contextualized: “Oh, Lord let me not love Paul Morel. Keep me from loving him, if I ought not to love him” and “He was afraid of her. The fact that he might want her as a man wants a woman had in him been suppressed into a shame.” Tumultuous turmoil invades the relationship and thus virulent acrimony plagues their relationship through rhetorical estrangement and psychological alienation. Except the church gatherings harboured a sense of spiritual reconciliation by reuniting his two loves under the spell of the place of worship. 

Even the maternal allegiance disintegrates to a dread and dreary affair as soon as gerontological diseases and William Morel’s death inflicted Mrs. Morel. Off late Paul Morel’s Lincoln Cathedral excursion proves to be a bizarro after witnessing Mrs. Morel to the emblematic manifestation in idolized version of an old sweetheart. 

The amorous conquest progresses toward Clara Davies, distant relation of Miriam Leiver. She possesses sensual mysticism as revealed by the intimation of Paul in the statement that “She was to him extraordinarily provocative, because of the knowledge she seemed to possess and gathered fruit of experience. Afterall, Clara advises Paul that Miriam wanted sensual gratification instead of soul communion and fantasy imagination. In this way, she thus, boldly wields the shield of courage in the fantastical Paul Morel that he couldn’t have achieved out of his own accord. .   

Morbid manifestations of the abnormal environment transforms the hero of the narrative fiction from a wreck and a ruin to a ruthless egotist and a vicious weakling in his dealings with the feminine characters. Even his masculinized maleness can be challengingly grisly by his dealing with his elderly mother whom he had stooped to get rid off. These human flaws are the result of the love instinct that gradually partakes with the sudden efflorescence and poetic charm booming from evolutionary stages of puberty. Freud explicates motherly love to be maidenly love that blooms during maternal caresses and intimate feelings of oneness, thus we feel a conscious passion for another individual of the opposite sex. Frank hostility and incessant jealously invoke the spirit of childhood and adolescence love fantasy and this testimony testified unbridled egoism. Paul Morel is tenaciously rooted in his maternal parent and doesn’t relinquish his hold upon her unless her elderly transition to old sweetheart. 

Paul Morel’s dejection and desertion of love life is the result of the interweaving  of immature phantasies of procreation with his former ideal adoration of his beloved mother Gertrue Morel. Furthermore Freudian psychoanalysis implies that male characters like Paul Morel chooses a girl who most resembles his mother and the heroine figures are likely to mate mostly with the man who reminds themselves of their fathers. Our fathers and mothers are ingrained imagoes in the veil of forgetfulness ever since childhood which we cannot obliterate. 

Further Reading 

Sons and Lovers: A Freudian Appreciation [1916], Alfred Booth Kuttner, Psychoanalytical Review, Vol. 3, No. 3, July 1916, pp. 295-317, D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers, A Casebook, Editorial of John Worrhen [Emeritus Professor of the University of Nottingham] and Andrew Harrison [a tutor in English Literature at the University of Warwick], Oxford University Press.

WORK ON THE VOCABULARIES GIVEN IN TEXTBOOKS 

     Saidova is Mahzuna Farhod’s daughter

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

2nd stage student of Uzbek language and literature

Abstract. This article discusses the use of the words in the dictionaries in literature textbooks and the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also provided about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech. 

Key words: vocabulary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pair” exercise, “Did I make a mistake?” game, “Small review” method.

Annotation. In this article, the use of the words reflected in the dictionaries in literature textbooks, as well as the methods of working on them and using dictionaries in the course of the lesson, are discussed. In addition to literature textbooks, information was also given about the ways of using dictionaries in mother tongue classes, and about the role of dictionaries in the development of students’ speech.

Key words: dictionary, methodology, textbook, vocabulary, “Matching pairs” exercise, “Can you find me wrong?” game, “Little review” method.

Абстрактный. В данной статье рассматривается употребление слов, отраженных в словарях, в учебниках литературы, а также методы работы над ними и использования словарей в ходе урока. Помимо учебников по литературе, была также дана информация о способах использования словарей на занятиях родного языка, о роли словарей в развитии речи учащихся.

Ключевые слова: лексика, методика, учебник, словарный запас, упражнение “Сопоставление пар”, “Найди меня неправым?” игра, метод “Небольшой обзор”.

Getting acquainted with the dictionaries in the textbook, if we familiarize ourselves with the explanation of the word dictionary before working on them:

Dictionary [Arabic language, dialect; word, phrase] 1 A book in which the words of a language are compiled in a certain order (usually in alphabetical order), explained or translated into another language.

2 Words; the set of all words in the language, vocabulary.

Dictionaries are of great importance in explaining the meaning of words and developing students’ speech. A word is the smallest part of a language that conveys meaning. A collection of all words and phrases in a language is called a dictionary. The branch of linguistics that studies the vocabulary and structure of the Uzbek language is called lexicology.

It is known that the textbooks of the new generation are modernized and adopt a number of examples from the education of the developed countries of the world. In 6-7-10th grade textbooks of literature and mother tongue, updated in 2022, dictionaries according to the picture below are mentioned.

Figure 1.

Literature is a field that incorporates the art of words. Because it is necessary to use dictionaries in literature classes. Some of the words found in the works are historical, and some are archaic. We can apply the vocabulary given in literature textbooks to the lesson process in the following ways:

“Matched pair” method;

“I made a mistake, find it?”;

“A small review”;

Explain correctly.

 For example: we will try to fill in the vocabulary given in the 10th grade Literature textbook using the “Matched Pairs” method.

Dictionaries in the “Gorogli” epic.

In this case, the dictionaries are matched with pairs whose meanings match each other, just as shown above. It helps to know how well the students have mastered the vocabulary. 

Vocabularies found in textbooks can be found in “I’m confused?” we can present it to students as an exercise. In this case, it is necessary to use the paronym of the dictionaries.

For example: 1. Ziyoda looked at them thoughtfully.  It should have been lying here, not lying down. 

 2. The girls looked at them with a smile, looking at them in simple, cute dresses. 

3. In dealing with the people, it is necessary to rely not on the sword, but on the power of justice, to save the people from oppression. (Oybek. “Navoi”)  The word justice should have been used here.

4. When brother Hasan gives the money, he will weigh it and make a will. (Hamza).

5. They say that even if you rub your feet, fine silk will not turn gray. (A. Mukhtar) 

Students should find the correct words and write them down as shown above. This method helps to memorize paronyms well, to quickly distinguish them from the meaning of the sentence. 

We can use the “Small comment” method to explain the names of the linguistics department in the mother tongue classes. 

For example: Orthography – correct writing rules are studied.

Graphics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Phonetics – ………………………………………… ………………………………………… ..

Lexicology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

Etymology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Morphology – ………………………………………… ……………………………………….

Phraseology – ………………………………………… …………………………………………

If we give the students the names of the sections to memorize in a dictionary style, it will be easier for them to remember them, and when commenting, they will give a short and concise, and most importantly, correct comment. This will help to strengthen students’ knowledge of linguistics and increase their scientific knowledge.

In conclusion, it can be said that in previous textbooks, vocabulary was given relatively little and it was not given importance. Currently, special dictionaries of classical works have been compiled. Dictionaries have an incomparable place in human life and language development. Today, it is difficult to fully understand any information or several meanings of information without dictionaries. Every dictionary is more than just a reference. They are the immortal heritage of the national language. As the lexicographer A. Ray said: “modern civilization is the civilization of the dictionary.” Indeed, in today’s advanced age, dictionaries have a high position in every field.

References:

1. Under the editorship of Abduvahob Madvaliyev. Spelling dictionary of the Uzbek language. Volume II. – T.: “National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan”. State Scientific Publishing House. 2020, page 512.

2. Berdiyeva Barno. Types of dictionaries and their role in human life. Interdisciplinary Conference of Young Scholars in Social Sciences. Hosted from USA, 26th -28th February. Pages 84-87.

3. Mengliyev B. Khudoyberdiyeva M. “Learning dictionary of Uzbek language phrases”, 2007-2009.

4. Nargiza Erkaboyeva. A collection of lectures on the Uzbek language. – T.: “Yosh Kuch”, 2019, pp. 20-21.

5. Z. I. Mirzayeva, K. Q. Jalilov. Literature [Text]: textbook for 10th grade. – Tashkent: Republican Education Center, 2022. – 312 p.

6. www.openconference

7. www.ziyouz.com

Lost Eagle

An eagle wants to soar the sky
Yet overwhelmed by the vastness high
Desire to be out of cage so free
Need to be warm and safe in a nest be
An eagle warmed by the golden sun
Yet rash and burns never been fun
Cravings for the sweetness of nectar
Detest the addiction with no holds bar
An eagle flying for desired goal
Yet struggle with currents running afoul
Fight routes twisting gone hayway
Lost in heaven's blind maze way
An eagle no different from the eaglet
An egg lain for business not nature set
Searching beyond reason's mystery
Yet know its wings has no sanctuary
An eagle forever wishing the sky
Yet caged in anchored from flying high
Desire surging wanting to be free
Quite contrarily needing the security in a nest be


End of the Line

In every journey comes the silent cold goal
In every race comes the finishing line
Faced all waves and tides with stronger soul
No regrets, no anger, nothing to whine
With every success and failure, did my best
Cry not, mourn not, it is time for spirit to rest
A warrior is never gone, guide for left behind 
Treasure memories, heart's legacy will find
More pain for loved ones; wish to comfort 
But, heaven's boat awaits for me at the port
Mix not your tears with the lonely rain
Let not our time together be for vain
Farewell, Fare Well
Life has drained my well
Church tolled the big bell
Bidding me the last farewell


Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa was born January 14, 1965, in Manila Philippines. She has worked as a retired Language Instructor, interpreter, caregiver, secretary, product promotion employee, and private therapeutic masseur. Her works have been published as poems and short story anthologies in several language translations for e-magazines, monthly magazines, and books; poems for cause anthologies in a Zimbabwean newspaper; a feature article in a Philippine newspaper; and had her works posted on different poetry web and blog sites. She has been writing poems since childhood but started on Facebook only in 2014. For her, Poetry is life and life is poetry.

Lilian Kunimasa considers herself a student/teacher with the duty to learn, inspire, guide, and motivate others to contribute to changing what is seen as normal into a better world than when she steps into it. She has always considered life as an endless journey, searching for new goals, and challenges and how she can in small ways make a difference in every path she takes. She sees humanity as one family where each one must support the other and considers poets as a voice for Truth in pursuit of Equality and proper Stewardship of nature despite the hindrances of distorted information and traditions.

Key Aspects of Children’s Education: A Brief Overview

Children’s education is essential for personal development and societal progress. This article highlights the most important aspects of children’s education, including early childhood development, the role of play, parental involvement, social and emotional learning, inclusive education, and technology integration.

1. Early Childhood Development 
Early childhood is crucial for cognitive, social, and emotional growth. High-quality early education programs promote language, problem-solving, and creative skills while also fostering emotional and social development. These programs provide a strong foundation for lifelong learning and academic success.

2. The Role of Play in Learning
Play is vital for children’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. It helps children explore, solve problems, and develop social skills. Different types of play, such as imaginative, structured, and physical play, contribute to creativity, strategic thinking, and physical health. Incorporating play into education enhances engagement and holistic growth.

3. Parental Involvement
Active parental involvement is linked to better academic performance, higher self-esteem, and improved behavior in children. Effective involvement includes supporting learning goals, fostering a love for reading, and establishing strong partnerships with educators. Quality of involvement is more impactful than quantity.

4. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) 
SEL focuses on developing skills like empathy, self-awareness, and emotional regulation. Integrating SEL into the curriculum promotes better academic outcomes, reduces bullying, and builds resilience. It equips children with essential life skills to manage emotions and relationships.

5. Inclusive and Equitable Education
Inclusive education ensures that all children, regardless of background or ability, have equal opportunities to learn. It involves adapting teaching methods and providing support to meet diverse needs. Equitable education addresses disparities related to socioeconomic status, race, and other factors, creating a fair and supportive learning environment.

6. Technology Integration
Technology enhances learning by offering interactive and personalized content. Effective use of digital tools can foster creativity and collaboration but must be thoughtfully integrated to support traditional learning methods and ensure equitable access for all students.

Conclusion  
Focusing on these key aspects helps create an educational environment that nurtures each child’s potential, preparing them for a successful and fulfilling life.

Ibrohimova Durdonaxon was born on April 6, 2005. She studies at Kokand State Pedagogical Institute and lives in the Pandigon neighborhood of Quva District, Fergana Region.

Autumn

It’s autumn again,

The leaves have fallen.

It’s good that you remembered

I remembered those days.

I was happy,

In those past days.

We used to walk together

On rainy roads.

We dreamed together

But when it’s a dream.

I endured like the wind,

I’m sorry you left.

Every time it rains,

I walk by myself.

Goodbye dreams

I will stay like a cloud.

Toshtemirova Dildora Hakim qizi was born on October 9, 2008 in Khatirchi District, Navoi Region. I am 16 years old now.

Due to my interests and constant support from my parents, today I am a member of All India Council for Technical Skill Development. I won the “Volunteer of the Year” 2022, “Star of the Year” nominations from the school. In addition, Dildora’s creative works have been published in international magazines, and her articles and poems have been indexed in Google.

Glass Doors

It isn’t difficult for me to imagine why it might

be that, outward action done for the night, Abby

would stand outside Mary’s glass-paneled,

completely curtained double doors, & listen to

us making love. All this time later, I see it as

a manifestation-in-action of The Lost Twins,

from Abby’s own vaunted masterpiece, rising

to the surface of Abby’s brain, & asserting their

presence. The male-leaning twin laughs at all

the pushing & grunting, the sleazy cheesiness

of what I have between my legs (she has one too),

as though I thought it made me big in the world

(it did not) to bang away at Mary as if the world

depended on it. The profound dumbness of sex

& sexual intercourse mixed with the pride of her

own phallic presence in the world, doing an even

more manly routine of being split, being two

people at once, and making both of them thrust

through the surface of human life, into art

taken from two places, willed into brilliant

singularity, in a way the grunting moron could

never understand. The male-leaning twin wins.

The real girl twin remains a coy maiden, building

up the guts to let herself into bed with me,

jealous of Mary’s easy submissiveness, as though

to the manner born, of letting the man be the man,

however dumb, & riding the waves towards twin

peaks, rather than Lost Twins, behind glass doors.

Adam Fieled is a writer based in Philadelphia. His books include Equations, Opera Bufa, and Apparition Poems. Manuscripts-in-progress include Something Solid, Letters to Dead Masters, and A Poet in Center City. A magna cum laude Penn grad, he edits P.F.S. Post. 

Teacher’s status in new Uzbekistan, problems and solutions in the new stage of education 

Murodova Sitora

sitoramurodova765@gmail.com

+998932334647

Primary education teacher of the 27th general secondary school under the department of pre-school and school education, Khatirchi district, Navoi region 

“If the role and influence of the teacher in the life of society increases, the prestige of the school increases, the value of science, education and upbringing increases. The teacher’s reputation is the reputation of this nation, the whole people.”

Sh.M. Mirziyoyev 

Abstract: This article provides information on the teacher’s skills, his unique role in society, the problem of continuous professional development and the role of the teacher in its solutions.

Keywords: Skilled teacher, skilled nation, continuous professional development, …

      The teaching profession is a complex and responsible process. The honor and complexity of this profession is determined by the fact that the teacher is always engaged in the education and upbringing of the person who is the only owner of consciousness, communicates with him, contributes to his mental, spiritual and physical growth and development. shows the effect of z. Of course, a student who has reached maturity in all aspects can unite under the name of a qualified nation.That is why the teaching profession is the most delicate, the most honorable and at the same time the most difficult profession in the world. It is necessary for the teacher to constantly improve his qualifications and cultivate his personal qualities that help ensure his success at a high level. The place and role of a teacher for society is incomparable. Their level leads the society either to the bottom or to the top. “The task of a teacher and leader is similar to the task of a wise state leader, therefore, the teacher should remember everything he heard and saw, have intelligence, fluent speech, full of ideas that he wants to tell the teachers and must know how to express clearly. At the same time, he should value his honor and be fair. Only then will he have a high level of humanity and reach the peak of happiness,” says our grandfather Abu Nasr Al-Farobi.

     The new version of our Constitution, which is a solid legal foundation of the reforms of the new Uzbekistan, and the “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy, approved by the relevant decree of the head of state, specifically mention the task of raising the status of pedagogues. The fact that this issue is not just an expression of beautiful wishes decorated on paper, but a firm life goal is becoming more evident day by day during consistent reforms. The law “On the status of pedagogues” signed yesterday by our President can be called a historical confirmation of our opinion. This law, consisting of 21 articles, defines the rights, obligations and basic guarantees of the activities of about 700 thousand pedagogues in our country.This law made all teachers in the Republic of Uzbekistan very happy and created wide opportunities. Along with several opportunities and advantages, the law does not ignore the need for pedagogues to follow the rules of ethics while fulfilling their professional obligations. Knowing and following the rules of pedagogical ethics is noted as a criterion that determines the quality indicators of the teacher’s performance of his professional duties and work discipline.

     As noted by our hero poet Abdulla Oripov, a teacher is a mirror of perfection. This mirror should be so clear, that by looking at it, he should improve himself and his personality, get rid of his vices, and bring order to his character. Naturally, not everyone is lucky enough to be a true mirror of perfection for society. Because of this, the law contains specific norms about persons who are not allowed to engage in pedagogic activities.

     Continuing professional development has several challenges and corresponding solutions. In order to study these problems and find solutions, the teacher, every person in the field of education needs to have high experience. The following solutions can help you find solutions to problems in continuous professional development:

1. References, Articles and Books: Use articles, books and textbooks to find solutions to your professional development problems. You can get the necessary knowledge and practical advice from these sources.

2. Mentorship or Referral: Reaching out to people with other professional experience or mentoring them can enhance your experience. They will give you advice and help you find solutions to problems.

3. Practical Skills: Developing your skills is essential to finding solutions to professional development challenges. Upgrade your character and learn new skills.

4. Analysis and Diagnosing: Analyzing and identifying problems leads to diversity solutions. Articulate problems and define steps to turn them into profits.

5. Hands-on Exercises: Hands-on exercises and examples are helpful in solving development problems. Use practical exercises to test your skills.

6. Gain experience: Gaining experience is very important in finding solutions to problems. Have fun trying and learning new clues and solutions!

7. Internet Resources: Use Internet resources, forums, blogs, videos, and websites to find solutions to development problems.

Finding solutions to problems in continuous professional development also requires a certain amount of time and patience. Steps like analyzing the problems, defining different steps to be solved and searching for practical solutions will guide you in your success on this front.

     In short, a teacher is a hugely responsible, free-thinking and growing knowledge holder. Modernity is its mandatory quality, as much as it is a demand for knowledge. In other words, if knowledge is not adapted to the current times, its usefulness and relevance will decrease. Therefore, a broad worldview, free thinking and modernity are mandatory professional requirements of a teacher.

List of used literature:

1. MODERN TEACHER AND REQUIREMENTS FOR HIM: Journal of Pedagogy and psychology in modern education, Vol. 3 No. 5 (2023) October

2. https://jdpu.uz/ozbekistonda-pedagog-maqomi-jamiyat-va-davlat nufuzining-mezonidir/

3.https://www.uzbekistan.org.ua/uz/yangiliklar/6937-o-zbekistonda-pedagog-maqomi-jamiyat-va-davlat-nufuzining-mezonidir.html