AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS IN FRENCH AND UZBEK

 Xurramova Farangiz                                                  

Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages 

Faculty of Romance and Germanic Languages 

2nd year student of the French Department

Annotation: This article deals with adjective–noun agreement in French and Uzbek. From a comparative perspective, it examines gender and number agreement of adjectives in French and the grammatical invariability of adjectives in Uzbek. The study identifies key differences between the two grammatical systems and contributes to reducing difficulties in learning French.

Keywords: French language, Uzbek language, adjective–noun agreement, comparative grammar, adjective variation

INTRODUCTION

The study of grammatical relations between word classes in linguistics is of great theoretical and practical importance. In particular, the relationship between adjectives and nouns is one of the main factors that determine the grammatical structure of each language. These relationships are expressed differently in different types of languages. French belongs to the group of inflectional languages, while Uzbek is an agglutinative language. 

For this reason, the agreement of adjectives and nouns is based on different grammatical mechanisms in these languages. This article will be devoted to a comparative analysis of these differences.

Quality and agreement of horses in French

In French, adjectives must agree with the noun in gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural). This agreement is manifested in the formal variation of the quality and is one of the important features of the French grammatical system (Grevisse, 2016).

For example

un garçon intelligent

une fille intelligente

des garçons intelligents

In addition, there are color adjectives, compound adjectives, and some invariable adjectives that create exceptions to the agreement process. These complexities pose a challenge for foreigners learning French, including Uzbek speakers.

Quality and attitude of horses in Uzbek

In Uzbek, adjectives are grammatically invariable and do not agree with the noun in gender or number. An adjective only indicates the sign or characteristic of a noun and does not undergo formal changes (Rahmatullayev, 2006).

For example:

good book

good books

big house

big houses

It is clear that even though the noun changes in number, the adjective retains its form. In Uzbek, grammatical relations are mainly expressed through suffixes, while adjectives perform a lexical-semantic function.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study examined the issue of agreement of adjectives and nouns in French and Uzbek based on a comparative-linguistic approach. Descriptive, comparative and analytical techniques were used in the research process. Based on the materials of both languages, the grammatical features of adjectives, their relationship with the noun and their function in speech were determined.

Using the comparative analysis method, the agreement of adjectives with nouns in terms of gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) in French and the invariability of adjectives in Uzbek were compared. In the study, the formative and semantic aspects of grammatical agreement were given special attention.

In the process of grammatical (structural) analysis, the formative changes of adjectives in French, concurrence suffixes and exceptional cases were considered. In the Uzbek language, the invariability of adjectives and their semantic connection with nouns were analyzed using examples. Examples of interesting Uzbek book – interesting books were compared, for example, with the French forms un livre intéressant – des livres intéressants.

Through semantic analysis, the role of adjectives in expressing meaning and their function in identifying characteristics were studied. It was found that although the meaning of adjectives is similar in both languages, there are significant differences in their grammatical expression.

In addition, the features of the use of adjectives in oral and written speech were analyzed using the method of functional analysis. It was determined that the correct agreement of adjectives in French ensures the grammatical correctness of speech, while the invariability of adjectives in Uzbek serves the simplicity and clarity of speech.

These methodological approaches served to comprehensively cover the subject of the study and scientifically reveal the main differences in the systems of adjective and noun agreement in French and Uzbek.

TAHLIL VA NATIJALAR

Til

Misol

Grammatik holat

Izoh

Tahlil natijalari

French	Un homme courageux	Masculin, singulier	The adjective ends in -x, the agreement is preserved.	Gender and number agreement binding
French	Une femme courageuse	Féminin, singulier	The adjective has the suffix -e.	Sex-specific variation
French	Des maisons blanches	Féminin, pluriel	Quality came with es	Gender and age are displayed simultaneously.
French	Un travaille difficile	Masculin, singulier	The quality does not change in form.	There are also unchanging adjectives.
Uzbek	Go’zal qiz	Invariant	Quality does not undergo a formal change.	There is no grammatical agreement.
Uzbek	Go’zal qizlar	Invariant	The noun is plural, the adjective does not change.	No number agreement.
Uzbek	Eski uy	Invariant	Denotes character	Quality only serves a semantic function.
Uzbek	Baland binolar	Invariant	No gender category	Agglutinative property

Comparative analysis: Comparative analysis shows that in French, the agreement of adjectives and nouns is an integral part of the grammatical system, while in Uzbek, such agreement does not exist. This situation causes interference phenomena in the speech of Uzbek speakers learning French. In particular, errors related to the disagreement of adjectives in gender and number are common. The comparative approach is of significant methodological importance in identifying and eliminating these problems in advance. 

REVIEW OF LITERATURE USED

In the course of this study, a number of scientific sources devoted to highlighting the grammatical structure of French and Uzbek languages were analyzed. In particular, the question of quality and horse agreement in French grammar has been studied in depth by many mature linguists.

M. in highlighting the issue of gender and numerical agreement of adjectives with nouns in French. The work “Le Bon Usage” by Grevisse is an important source. This work details the agreement of adjectives, exceptions, and the grammatical features of adjectives that do not change and indicate color. Bescherelle’s grammar guides also systematically explain the rules of agreement of adjectives in French, which are of great practical importance from the point of view of grammar.

In Russian linguistics, V. covered the issues of general and comparative grammar. V. Vinogradov’s scientific views are important. His works theoretically substantiate the grammatical relations between parts of speech, including the agreement of adjectives. Also, A. V. Kunin and N. N. Amosova’s works highlight the semantic and functional aspects of grammatical categories, providing an important theoretical framework for comparative analysis.

Grammatical features of adjectives in Uzbek linguistics and their relationship with the noun Sh. Rahmatullayev’s work “The Modern Uzbek Literary Language” covers this topic extensively. The author scientifically demonstrates the invariability of adjectives in the Uzbek language and their participation only as lexical units denoting a sign. A. E. Mamatov and A. Hajiyev’s research also analyzed in depth the grammatical system of the Uzbek language, the functional features of word categories.

On the basis of these sources, the agreement of quality and nouns in French and Uzbek was studied in a comparative way, identifying the main differences in the grammatical system of the two languages. The literature used served to strengthen the theoretical basis of the study as well as to ensure the scholarship of the conclusions drawn.

CONCLUSION 

In short, the system of agreement of adjectives and nouns in French and Uzbek is fundamentally different. In French, adjectives are grammatically active and agree with the noun in gender and number, while in Uzbek, adjectives are invariable. The results of this comparative study are of theoretical and practical importance for the study of the French language and can be effectively used in the process of language teaching

REFERENCES

1.Grevisse, M. Le Bon Usage. Paris: De Boeck Supérieur, 2016.

2.Bescherelle. La grammaire pour tous. Paris: Hatier, 2015.

3. Rahmatullayev, Sh. Hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tili. Toshkent: Universitet, 2006.

4. Hojiyev, A. Tilshunoslik terminlarining izohli lug‘ati. Toshkent, 2002.v

A Beautiful Memory

Perhaps one day you’ll come to stand beside me,

Ask how I am, look sadly into my eyes.

I do not know what state I’ll be in then,

I’ll face you silently, with quiet sighs.

Before my eyes those looks will pass once more,

The breath of spring, the playful drifting breeze,

The first sweet words of love we spoke before—

All, all will call me back to memories.

Now do not let my heart burn anymore,

For everything is buried in the past.

That innocent, secret love of yours

Lives only in the letters that will last.

I stand beside you, staring on in wonder,

No strength to speak, no chance to say a word.

What could I say, what would I even utter?

I ask of you, as troubled and disturbed.

With a faint smile you say, “I’m doing fine,”

And know, for me that answer is enough.

Though days and months and even years may pass,

You’ll live within my heart, deep and tough.

I know we have so many things to say,

Yet still our tongues refuse to break the air.

Do not torment your heart, please, anyway—

Our paths were meant to part by fate’s affair.

Now comes the time to say our last goodbye,

We slowly walk in opposite directions.

And deep inside, from distant spaces, I

Whisper: secret love survives separations.

Achieving my dreams step by step is the result of my self-confidence, determination, and continuous hard work. I move toward every goal I set with a clear plan and strive to fulfill my responsibilities with a strong sense of accountability. The field of business deeply interests me. By improving my knowledge and experience in this area, I aim to become a successful, initiative-driven, and socially beneficial businesswoman in the future. For me, business is not only a source of income, but also a means of creating innovation and development.

Success is measured not only by the final result, but also by the knowledge, experience, and lessons gained along the journey toward it. I firmly believe that every honest and determined step taken toward a goal will surely lead to worthy results.

Mamadaliyeva O‘giloy is a first-year student of Group 25.38 in the Primary Education program at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology, and Art Studies of Fergana State University.

Silent Consent: The Era of Digital Obedience

In the past, governance based on violence was understood as a regime where people were intimidated, arrested, and their freedoms revoked. Today, this form of control has evolved. Now, people are monitored through mobile applications, internet pages, and smart computer programs.

The most alarming part is that people are consenting to this themselves. No one is forcing them. They are submitting to this surveillance of their own free will.
In today’s world, our lives are increasingly tied to the internet. Whom we talk to, what we see, what we hear, where we go—everything is recorded. With our own hands, we are providing governments and tech giants with information about ourselves that previously only secret services could access.

People perceive this not as a danger, but as a convenience. In reality, it is this very convenience that is the greatest threat. Because behind these comforts lies a hidden power of control—a power capable of manipulating people without them even noticing.
In such a situation, an individual believes they are making their own choices. But in truth, the paths are shown to them by the system. This is control in the guise of freedom.
On the internet, we express ourselves and voice our opinions. Yet, at the same time, we internally contemplate how we should present ourselves. This leads everyone to think alike and to behave not freely, but in a conformist manner.

Political control has also taken on a new form. It is no longer necessary to arrest someone; it is enough to make them invisible on the internet. Their written thoughts are pushed so far down that people never see them. Today, freedom of speech is restricted not through punishment, but through indifference.

In such conditions, what does freedom mean? Is it expressing an opinion? Speaking out? Or gaining people’s attention?

In today’s environment, freedom is defining who you are yourself, not fully submitting to computer programs, and understanding the nature of surveillance. This requires not only technical knowledge but also a courageous civic stance.

We have rights, but the culture of understanding and exercising them is weakening. Democracy does not just mean elections—it means conscious participation every single day.
Therefore, every time we download an app, every time we give consent on a webpage, and with every action we take, we must ask ourselves: Is this action serving me, or is it controlling me?

Today, we are silent. We are saying nothing. But this consent is not eternal. It can change with an awakening.

My name is Ro‘ziboyeva Asilakhon. I was born on September 17, 2013, in Nishon District of Qashqadaryo Region. One of my main hobbies is reading books; I also enjoy writing articles and poetry. My dream is to become a cardiologist.

SPRING INSPIRES ME

Spring. So much beauty, so much elegance, so much innocence – all this is embodied in spring. Spring. Grasses rise from the ground, branches grow like necks, the sun increases its temperature, mothers prepare sumalak and halim in pots, grandfather farmer takes a hoe and goes to the field, girls wear a wreath of willow leaves in their hair and look for chochmoma all this is embodied in my mind.

Spring. Children throwing leaves into the sky, flying kites, wrestlers going to the wrestling ground to knock each other’s swords on the ground, girls with caps on their heads and eyebrow growths singing songs with handsome guys, cooking kok somsa and dumplings for the bodies tired of winter and in need of vitamins. incarnate in the spring.

Spring. Kindness, people asking each other about each other, giving helping hands to the disabled, widows, asking about the elderly – all this is embodied in spring.

Imagination is a gift given to man by God.

Just thinking about spring brings peace and dreams to the human heart.

Our hearts flutter when we think of spring. Spring renewal, making new dreams, we think of it as stepping forward into life, making new plans. Spring brings with it a world of news. As you imagine, the peach blossoms in the fields and the scent of the tulips on the mountain come to your eyes. Spring is beyond our imagination. We cannot imagine spring without our national games.

I compare the spring season to rejuvenation and renewal, a new era. As soon as spring comes, it begins to spread its blue-blue dress around. The surroundings become more and more beautiful and reflect elegance. She is also compared to a bride. The reason is that a woman’s heart is elegant, delicate, demanding, and can attract any man. Spring is the percentage of seasons.

Spring is as durable as women, patient and tenacious like rocks. No matter how much it rains and winds, it retains its beauty. This is why spring inspires me…

Kucharova Ugiloy Utkir qizi is a student at Samarkand State University in the Sharof Rashidov Faculty of Law. 

Yesterday Is Already Past

Is Fame Superior to Human Dignity?

In societies where public reputation and social prestige are prioritized over the future of young women, endurance becomes not a choice but a destiny imposed upon them. In his short story “Yesterday Is Already Past,” Shukur Kholmirzaev presents the character of Sobirova as a woman trapped in ideological nostalgia, whose unwavering concern for social recognition prevents her from confronting present realities. It would not be an exaggeration to argue that her moral vision is clouded by ambition. By surrendering her daughter’s life to social judgment, she allows collective opinion to dictate a deeply personal fate. Her persistent attachment to outdated political ideals—most notably her obsession with Communist Party membership—along with her indulgence in hollow aspirations, gradually leads her into profound psychological and ethical torment.

Had Sobirova been capable of interpreting Unsinova’s post-dismissal visits with greater awareness, she might have recognized the validity of her son Kamol’s warnings. Unrestrained ambition, as the narrative suggests, inevitably draws individuals into the quagmire of remorse. However, the story transcends the personal tragedy of a single mother and daughter. At its core, it offers a critical examination of society’s treatment of women. What is destroyed is not merely a young woman’s emotional state, but the totality of her existence. Her happiness is subordinated to social gossip and moral surveillance, leaving her deprived of agency, autonomy, and the right to choose her own life path.

Through this narrative, Kholmirzaev exposes how the relentless pursuit of fame, status, and ideological legitimacy gradually erodes fundamental human values and dignity. Parents may reassure themselves that their actions are justified, yet the pain suppressed within, the tears shed in isolation, and the silence stretched across a lifetime remain unarticulated. This silence, the author suggests, constitutes the most devastating form of tragedy.

Most importantly, the relevance of this narrative is not confined to the past. Similar patterns of control, judgment, and sacrifice persist in contemporary societies. Therefore, “Yesterday Is Already Past” should be read not merely as a historical reflection, but as a timeless social critique that continues to resonate today.

In conclusion, fame and social recognition—however fiercely contested—must never be elevated above human dignity. When societies sacrifice the futures of young women in the name of reputation, the moral failures of the past are inevitably reproduced in the present. Human worth, personal freedom, and emotional integrity are far more valuable than any form of social prestige.

Xasanova Aziza Kumushbek qizi. Born on October 1, 2004, in Chirchik, Tashkent Region. Currently a student at Tashkent University of Economics and Pedagogy. On March 1, 2025, she received the title of “Faculty Zulfiya” in a competition held by the university. She has published several scientific articles. Her poems and stories have been published in many newspapers, magazines, and websites around the world. Her poems, stories, and works are constantly published in countries such as Albania, Pakistan, Italy, America, Great Britain, Germany, India, Argentina, Turkey, Arabia and Uzbekistan, Kenya, Africa, Korea.

THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHER SPEECH CULTURE AND CONDUCTING WORK IN THE STATE LANGUAGE

Mengboyeva Baxtiniso Mamatqobilovna

First-year student, Faculty of Philology,

Uzbek Language and Literature Department,

Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy

Email: @meliqulovabarno3gmail.com

TEACHER SPEECH CULTURE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF WORKING IN THE STATE LANGUAGE.

Abstract: This article analyzes the relationship between the culture of teacher speech and working in the state language. It also highlights the role of speech culture in the professional activity of a teacher, its impact and significance in the educational process. It is shown that ensuring the accuracy, fluency and standardization of speech in the process of working in the state language is one of the main duties of a teacher.

Keywords: Speech culture, teacher, state language, document management, effective speech, expressiveness, formal style.

The culture of a teacher’s speech is one of the most important factors determining the effectiveness of the educational process. This is because a teacher’s ability to express ideas clearly, fluently, and understandably creates a solid foundation for students to master knowledge thoroughly. Conducting activities in the state language not only ensures the correct management of official documents, but also guarantees unity and discipline within an educational institution. Therefore, a teacher’s speech culture and literacy in the state language become an integral part of their professional competence. This article highlights the significance of these processes and their impact on the quality of education.

1. The essence of a teacher’s speech culture and its role in the pedagogical process

A teacher’s speech is one of the main tools of the educational process and is a key factor in influencing students’ minds, providing knowledge, and ensuring the effectiveness of education and upbringing. Speech culture includes not only correct, fluent, and clear speaking, but also the ability to express ideas in an expressive, logical, and comprehensible manner. In addition, a teacher’s speech shapes the psychological environment of the learning process and fosters students’ interest, confidence, and motivation toward the subject.

The effectiveness of a teacher’s speech determines the overall success of the lesson. A teacher with a high level of speech culture is able to capture students’ attention, explain topics fluently, and present complex concepts in a simple and concise way.Especially in the modern educational process, a teacher not only provides knowledge, but also acts as a communicator, educator, and moral leader, guiding, motivating, and evaluating students through their speech.

2. The main characteristics of a teacher’s speech: clarity, fluency, logic, and expressiveness

A teacher’s speech is distinguished by the following qualities:

Clarity. Clarity in pedagogical speech means delivering information without confusion, in a clear and understandable manner, using precise terminology. Clarity helps prevent unnecessary questions, misunderstandings, and ambiguities during the lesson. The correct use of scientific concepts, definitions, and examples is an important manifestation of clarity.

Fluency. A teacher’s fluent speech determines the rhythm of the lesson. Proper use of pauses, logical stress, and speaking at a moderate pace ensure fluency. Fluent speech also helps develop students’ listening culture.

Expressiveness. Expressive speech enriches students’ imagination and actively engages them in the learning process. Intonation, stress, pauses, and emotions create memorable impressions for students. Especially in subjects such as literature, art, and history, expressive speech becomes one of the teacher’s main tools.

Logic. Logical speech is reflected in the consistency of ideas, cause-and-effect relationships between concepts, and the sequential presentation of thoughts. A logically structured speech helps students develop critical and systematic thinking.

3. Speech culture as a teacher’s professional competence

A teacher’s speech culture is a core component of their professional mastery and pedagogical competence. The modern education system requires teachers to possess the following speech competencies:

adherence to the norms of the literary language;

deep knowledge of the grammatical, phonetic, and lexical rules of the state language;

control of diction;

observance of speech etiquette rules;

ability to communicate effectively with an audience;

correct use of communication genres (lecture, explanation, question-and-answer, discussion).

A teacher with rich speech and the ability to think scientifically forms a positive image in students’ minds. Such a teacher not only provides knowledge, but also serves as a role model of speech culture for learners.

4. The content and significance of conducting documentation in the state language

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, conducting documentation in the state language implies maintaining official documents in Uzbek across public administration, education, healthcare, the judicial system, the economy, and other sectors. This process plays an important role in strengthening political independence, enhancing national identity, and ensuring clarity within the legal system.Conducting documentation in the state language serves to:

ensure documents are maintained in a clear and unified standard;

observe literary norms in official communication;

promote effective communication between state institutions;

enable citizens to clearly understand their rights and obligations;

support the development of national culture;

 enhance the prestige and status of the language.Proper organization of documentation in the state language ensures order, consistency, and legality in social life.

5. Conducting documentation in the state language in a teacher’s professional activity. In the education system, a teacher is not only an instructor, but also a record keeper. In this process, the teacher must correctly and appropriately prepare official documents in the state language, such as class registers, curricula, electronic diaries, orders and directives, reports, and official records.This process depends on the teacher’s knowledge of the official style, ability to distinguish document types, strict adherence to language norms, literacy in spelling and punctuation, as well as responsibility and accuracy. Proper documentation in the state language by teachers directly affects the legal functioning, discipline, and overall effectiveness of an educational institution.

6. The interconnection between a teacher’s speech and the culture of the state language

Speech culture and the culture of record-keeping are complementary processes. The richer and more fluent a teacher’s oral speech is, the more precise and compliant with official standards their written speech becomes. Proficiency in conducting documentation in the state language enhances a teacher’s communicative literacy. These two processes also have a strong impact on students’ education and upbringing. A teacher’s speech model helps shape students’:

culture of thinking,

writing skills,

respect for the literary language,

sense of national identity,

readiness for official communication.

7. Speech technologies and electronic documentation in the state language in modern education

In today’s digital era, teachers are required not only to have clear and accurate speech, but also to use information technologies effectively. Electronic diaries, online platforms, official emails, and reports must be maintained in the state language. This requires not only linguistic literacy, but also technical competence.

A teacher’s electronic communication is based on:

concise and clear style in official correspondence,

adherence to spelling rules,

avoidance of unnecessary words,

logically structured content,

observance of official etiquette.

Conclusion

A teacher’s speech culture is one of the key factors determining the quality of the educational process. Fluency, clarity, and expressiveness of speech directly influence students’ comprehension of knowledge, interest in lessons, and the effectiveness of communication. Conducting documentation in the state language ensures that official documents are prepared correctly and in accordance with established standards, and it enhances the culture of official communication. Therefore, a teacher must be knowledgeable, responsible, and possess a high level of speech culture in both areas.

References:

Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the State Language”.

Toxliyev B., Fundamentals of Speech Culture, Tashkent.

G‘ulomov A., Conducting Documentation in the State Language, учебное пособие.

Qosimov B., Language and Speech Culture, textbook.

Official documents of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on record-keeping procedures.

Mengboyeva Baxtiniso Mamatqobilovna was born on April 1, 2007, in Denov District, Surkhandarya Region. She graduated from General Secondary School No. 73 located in Denov District. Currently, she is a first-year student at the Faculty of Philology, majoring in Uzbek Language and Literature, at the Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy in Denov District, Surkhandarya Region. She has earned nearly 50 international certificates.

She is a participant in the project “The First Step Towards a Scholarship – Season 1”, created by Dilshoda Akhadova. In addition, she serves as the coordinator of the “Eco Call” movement council at the Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy. At the same time, she is a member of the Argentine Association of Science and Writers, holding an official membership certificate.