We are talking about a foreign world where the USA were the absolute protagonists, a world, however, that was only shown in the USA in the magazines dedicated to celebrities: it is the post-dolce vita Rome, which follows the Rome – Dolce Vita, so called, because brilliantly depicted by my mentor Federico Fellini in his famous film of the same name.
We are in 1995 in Rome. The poets, the writers, the filmmakers, the global stars all frequent the literary café “Caffè Greco” and the night clubs. My friend Prince Egon Von Furstenberg, who introduced me to Joan Crawford in NYC, and I were leaving the famous Jackie O’ nightclub, in homage to Jackie Onassis, with a group of movie stars to continue the night at “Gilda”, another famous nightclub dedicated to Rita Hayworth, owned by my friend Giancarlo Bornigia. Wild dancing with songs by Corona, Cher, Haddaway and a group of fans around their idol took up all our space. The idol was the adolescent star of photo stories, the fascinating Massimo Sangalli, accompanied by Doriana Bianchi, the favorite actress of movie director Marco Ferreri.
I called the director of Gilda, my friend Angelo Ciccio Nizzo, to calm down Sangalli’s fans and to have some space for us to dance too. I met Sangalli and Doriana Bianchi, we started dancing together, but we also started a friendship that never ended. With the great poet Dario Bellezza, a pupil of Pasolini, we were working on a big show, based on the novel by Dario Bellezza: “Turbamento” about Pasolini. I invited Sangalli and the Italian star Sebastiano Somma to act with me. It was a great success for Sangalli in his theatrical debut and then he became internationally famous. Sangalli is currently starring in “Music in the Forest” by Roberto Lippolis with Nastassja Kinski, John Savage, Cassandra Gava, Vincent Spano, soon to be released.
In Lippolis’ film, set in the Second World War, Sangalli plays Zigmund, a Jewish poet. Both female and male beauty in the world of cinema is certainly important, since it is the easiest road to fame, which, however, survives only if you have talent and gradually put aside roles based on the beauty of physical appearance and often superficial, to interpret psychologically complex and profound roles, as in the case of Sangalli. Of course, the world of fashion, especially in Italy and France, opens the doors to perfect bodies and enchanting faces and so Massimo Sangalli has participated in events of the famous fashion designer Anton Giulio Grande. He is the testimonial for “Angel” by Dolce & Gabbana. He has been photographed by Helmut Newton, Louis Vidal, Carlo Bellicampi, Dario Plozzer, working in cinema with prestigious directors such as Tinto Brass, Pupi Avati, George Lucas and others.
Sangalli will soon be in an Italian-Californian film about Pirandello and in an interesting film written by Hollywood authors, based on the transition between the era of communication without the internet and with the internet. Cinema continues to be an important reference for all of us to improve ourselves, but I fear that it will continue to always be based on “fame” which for Hannah Montana by Michael Poryes, instead falls to second place, since life reconquers the first. https://synchchaos.com/?s=Poryes&submit=Search .
A difficult swing for those who, like Sangalli, face this aspect on a daily basis.
Observation of Blood (previously published in The Lake)
Today, the museum closes its doors early, waiting; how much of the night’s bleakness seeps into it, enjoying the dark corridors. The Indian tents with pointed frames, like spears of bone, stand pierced in the empty lobby, lonely, waiting; how the winter wind cuts through it. As the cold artifacts of the museum catch the outside glow, the carnivalesque slaughter brings laughter to civilization.
Denver’s rain is absent and dry, the natives of the Arapaho meditate on the sacred mountain when the invaders come. I watch how blood spreads— past and present—and death favors their flesh, buried under black moonlight by fire and sword. Left with sword marks, they dye the river bend with blood, winding like red silk; now it leaves collections lying in the museum of darkness. Their bones cannot be read, as their residues are covered under the ash of death.
Inside or out, there is no sweetness— only the salty taste of blood. The truth sinks and vanishes; as for the sleeping city folks, the moon is clear tonight.
They Came （It was published Cathexis Northwest Press）
Tuol Sleng like a poisonous flower exhaling a piercing venom.
The palm trees swayed beneath the faltering shadow, a procession of bones
—the dead— labeled as intellectuals.
They came like a gust of wind, They came like a herd of wild beasts. They came slaughter upon slaughter, cursing Tuol Sleng, damning its streets and rivers.
They regarded themselves as fanatical idealists, But never, made the place a paradise. Passion torched it into a fiery hell.
They came with frantic lusts. They came to Cambodia— its flesh drenched in rouge.
When Tuol Sleng opened, Moonlight buried people in a sunken pit of earth.
None to cry those words: “ They came!”
Yucheng Tao is an international student from China, currently studying songwriting in Los Angeles. His work has been featured in Wild Court (UK), The Lake (UK), Red Ogre Review (UK), Cathexis Northwest Press, and NonBinary Review (which includes an interview). His poems have passed into the semifinalist round of the Winds of Asia Award by Kinsman Quarterly, and many poems and fiction have been published in Yellow Mama, Apocalypse Confidential, Waymark Literary Magazine, Ink Nest, The Arcanist, Synchronized Chaos, Down in the Dirt, Academy of the Heart and Mind, and others.
Problems and Analysis Methods of Translation Practice in the Exercise
Andijan Davlar Institute of Foreign Languages
4th Printing Student: Gafurova Mahbuba
mahbubaalisherovna@gmail.com
+998946812826
Supervisor: Kadirova Nargiza
Annotation. This article discusses in detail a wide range of problems in translation practice, the reasons for their origin and methods of analysis. In particular, the grammatical, lexical, stylistic and cultural differences between the Uzbek and German languages affect the translation process, and what scientific methods should be used to overcome these differences. On the basis of the leading ideas of translation theory, practical and theoretical approaches are analyzed, the qualifications, skills and strategies necessary for the translator are discussed.
Keywords. Translation practice, translation theory, German language, Uzbek language, methods of analysis, grammatical differences, lexical differences, cultural differences, pragmatic differences, linguistic approach, cultural approach, functional equivalence, transcription.
Translation has been one of the most important tools of intercultural communication throughout human history. Today, the role of translation is becoming more and more important as global connections in science, technology, literature, politics, and other fields increase. Translation has become not only a means of transferring information between languages, but also of transferring spiritual and social values from one culture to another. The structure of the Uzbek language and the German language, the style of expression, and the cultural basis differ significantly. These differences create many difficulties in the translation process. A translator must translate not only literally, but also correctly convey its meaning, style, cultural context, communicative purpose. The article comprehensively analyzes the problems encountered in translation practice and proposes solutions based on modern scientific methods.
The main problems of translation practice. Lexical problems. There are significant differences between the vocabulary and lexical structures of the Uzbek and German languages. Whereas in Uzbek a word often has many meanings, in German there is a specific expression for each meaning. For example, the Uzbek verb “to see” denotes a general action and is used in different contexts: to see (with an eye), to see (to experiment), to see (to meet). In German, various verbs are used for these cases, such as sehen (to see with the eye), erleben (to experiment), sich treffen (to meet). The translator should analyze the context in depth and choose the appropriate option. Problems are also common in the translation of phraseological units. Phraseologisms often have a cultural basis in German and appear strange or incomprehensible in German when translated directly. For example, expressions such as “Heartbreak” should be conveyed in translation with an appropriate equivalent or annotation.
Grammar problems. Differences in grammatical systems create many problems in the translation process. Uzbek language is an agglutinatable language, and grammatical meanings are expressed by suffixes. In German, there are genders of nouns (masculine, feminine, neutral) and are designated by the articles. In Uzbek, the basic structure of a sentence is simple (I went to school), whereas in German the word order is based on a strict rule (Ich bin zur Schule gegangen). Secondary verbs and auxiliary verbs are used a lot in the sentence. In German, the form of nouns and articles change (der Tisch – den Tisch, dem Tisch and so on) if more pronouncements are indicated in Uzbek.
Such discrepancies require structural adaptations and grammatical transformations in translation.
Stylistic problems. Uzbek literary style is characterized by softer, more emotionally rich expressions. In German, on the other hand, the emphasis is on expressing clearly, concisely, and logically. It takes great skill to find their functional equivalent when translating into German poetic metaphors, exaggerations, means of expression, which are often used in Uzbek literature or in everyday speech. Otherwise, the translation may look dry and artificial. Also, many expressions used in the Uzbek language as part of respect and manners are divided into formal or informal forms in German (via the forms Sie and du). Choosing the right level will ensure the accuracy of the translation and its appropriateness to the context.
Cultural and pragmatic issues. Fundamental differences between Uzbek and German cultures are often noticed in the translation process. For example, in Uzbek culture special respect is given to adults and requires a lot of care in speech. In German society, however, the principle of equality is stronger, and this is also noticeable in the tone of speech. Since religious and national realities (for example, “iftor”, “savob”, “Sufi”) often found in Uzbek are not exactly equivalent in German culture, the translator must interpret these concepts or translate them with cultural adaptation. Pragmatically, what is acceptable and acceptable in one culture may have negative connotations in another. In such situations, the translator should use the method of adaptation (localization), taking into account the purpose of the text and the audience.
Translation Analysis Methods. Linguistic analysis. Linguistic analysis is a method of in-depth study of the interaction of language systems and elements in the translation process. It is carried out at the level of grammatical structures, syntax, morphology and phonetics. For example, differences such as the adaptation of the free speech order in Uzbek to the strict order of free speech in German, or the manner in which tenses are expressed (in Uzbek language the most accurate tense is clearly defined, then in German tenses are often understood in context) are determined by linguistic analysis. Cultural analysis. Cultural analysis involves the analysis of the cultural codes, values, traditions of the translated text. The translator identifies the differences between the source culture and the receiving culture and develops adapted options. Cultural analysis is especially important in translating national concepts, holidays, religious terms, and everyday customs. Functional Analysis. Functional analysis is a translation technique that takes into account the communicative purpose, audience, and context of a text. In this way, the translation is done not only verbatim but also while maintaining the overall effect of the text. For example, when translating ad text, you need to remember that its goal is to sell the product, so it will be more important to maintain an impactful focus on your audience, rather than translating the words correctly.
The practice of translation is not a simple language change, but a complex cultural and stylistic process of transfer. Translation work between Uzbek and German should study in depth the grammatical, lexical, stylistic, and cultural differences and apply the appropriate analysis techniques to each gap. The use of a harmonious combination of linguistic, cultural and functional analysis methods in overcoming translation problems is a key factor for improving the quality and effectiveness of translation. A translator should always expand his language skills, cultural knowledge and be aware of modern translation methodology. Translation is a process that requires not only knowledge, but also art, patience, experience and a creative approach.
References
1. Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge, 2018.
2. Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall, 1988.
3. House, Juliane. Translation Quality Assessment: Past and Present. Routledge, 2015.
4. Hatim, Basil; Mason, Ian. Discourse and the Translator. Routledge, 1990.
5. Nord, Christiane. Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application. Rodopi, 2005.
6. Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge, 1995.
7. Kadyrova, M. Comparative grammar of Uzbek and German languages. Tashkent, 2015.
8. Shukurov, B. Fundamentals of translation theory. Tashkent, 2010.
9. Snell-Hornby, Mary. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. John Benjamins, 1995.
10. Schäffner, Christina. Translation and Intercultural Communication. Routledge, 2012.
Japanese and Uzbek Idioms: Shared Wisdom, Shared Mentality
Abstract:
This article presents a scientific analysis of the similarities between Japanese and Uzbek idioms. Through examples, the shared aspects of both nations’ worldviews are revealed. The meanings of the idioms and their cultural significance are examined, as well as their importance in translation and language learning.
Keywords: Japanese language, Uzbek language, idioms, proverbs, mentality, culture, translation, semantic similarity, language teaching, translation practice.
Every nation’s mentality and culture are reflected through its language. Idioms and proverbs, in particular, embody the accumulated experiences, values, and perspectives of a people over centuries.
Although the Japanese and Uzbek peoples are geographically and linguistically distant, the similarities in their idioms reflect shared patterns in thought and worldview.
This article analyzes the similarities of idioms in Japanese and Uzbek based on scholarly sources.
1. Shared Mentality Reflected in Idioms
Idioms in both Japanese and Uzbek are often rooted in life experience, wisdom, and ancient proverbs. The following examples clearly demonstrate this:
In both cultures, this phrase expresses resilience and determination in the face of hardship.
猿も木から落ちる (Saru mo ki kara ochiru) – “Even monkeys fall from trees.”
This aligns with the Uzbek expressions .
It means that even experienced individuals can make mistakes.
蓼食う虫も好き好き (Tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki) – “Some insects even enjoy eating bitter herbs.”
This idiom corresponds with the Uzbek saying (“Everyone has different tastes”).
It highlights that personal preferences vary from person to person.
2. The Role of Idioms in National Mentality
Through idioms, nations express their life experiences, values, and psychological characteristics.
Japanese idioms tend to emphasize patience, calmness, and aesthetic values, while Uzbek idioms highlight friendship, devotion, and perseverance.
3. The Importance of Idioms in Translation and Language Learning
For translators and language learners, idioms hold particular significance.
A translator must prioritize the semantic and contextual equivalents of idioms rather than their literal meanings. This ensures that the translation feels natural and culturally appropriate.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Japanese and Uzbek idioms show many similarities, reflecting shared aspects of the two peoples’ life philosophies.
Analyzing idioms reveals the interconnection of mentalities and cultural values. In translation and language teaching, the accurate and natural rendering of idioms is of great importance.
References:
Ikegami, Y. (2005). Japanese Proverbs and Sayings. Tokyo: Kodansha International.
Toshmurodova, G. (2018). Idioms in Uzbek: Concept, Classification, Interpretation. Tashkent: Fan Publishing.
Natsume, S. (2020). Understanding Japanese Culture through Idioms. Kyoto University Press.
Komatsu, H. (2016). Japanese Idioms: Cultural Insight through Language. Osaka: Nihon Bunka Kenkyūsha.
Nazarova, G. (2019). The Role of Idioms in Translation and Their Equivalent Matches. Journal of Philological Issues, No. 2, pp. 45–49.
Khudoyberganov, Q. (2017). Theory and Practice of Translation. Tashkent: Yangi Asr Avlodi.
Oblaqulova Gulshoda was born in Bakhmal district, Jizzakh region.
She is a first-year student at the Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Faculty of Eastern Philology, majoring in Japanese Language.
The Role and Future of Journalism in the Digital Age
Journalism has always been an inseparable part of society. It serves the purpose of informing people, uncovering the truth, and delivering unbiased information about significant events. However, with the development of digital technologies, journalism has undergone significant changes. The widespread use of the internet and social media has forced traditional media outlets to transform their formats. In this article, we will discuss the importance, opportunities, and future of digital journalism.
The Importance of Digital Journalism
Digital journalism is much faster and more comprehensive than traditional media, making it the most modern method of delivering information to the public. People can now access news not only through newspapers or television but also through websites, blogs, podcasts, and social media. Moreover, thanks to mobile technologies, news can be read at any time and place.
Additionally, digital journalism stands out for its interactivity. People have the opportunity to comment, share their opinions, and directly engage with journalists. This helps strengthen the connection between journalists and their audience and allows them to better understand the audience’s needs. Journalists can also monitor public opinion in real-time and use it to create news stories.
Opportunities in Digital Journalism
Digital journalism opens the door to new opportunities. Firstly, collecting and analyzing information has become much easier. Artificial intelligence and big data processing technologies allow journalists to explore pressing issues in more depth.
Secondly, new platforms allow independent journalists to amplify their voices. Through blogs, YouTube channels, and social media pages, anyone can gather an audience and spread their news. This has led to the emergence of diverse opinions in the media sector, increasing the diversity of information sources.
Thirdly, the importance of visual content is growing. People are more likely to engage with infographics, videos, and podcasts rather than text-based news. Therefore, journalists need to make their content visually appealing. Furthermore, technologies like artificial intelligence, such as automated news reading or text-to-video conversion tools, are also developing.
Future Developments in Journalism
In the future, journalism is likely to become even more digital. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, automated news-writing systems may emerge. At the same time, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies will allow news to be presented in a visual and interactive format. These technologies will make journalism even more engaging and realistic.
However, this development also comes with challenges. The increase in fake news and disinformation, the security of personal data, and the financial stability of independent journalism are major concerns for journalists. Therefore, in the future, journalists will need to develop new strategies and use technology appropriately to deliver trustworthy and unbiased information.
Moreover, improving media literacy is crucial. People should not trust every piece of information they find on the internet and should develop the habit of verifying sources. Journalists, in turn, must deliver reliable and fact-based content to gain the trust of their audience.
Conclusion
Digital-age journalism has transformed traditional journalism and created new opportunities. The speed of information delivery has increased, interactive communication with audiences has developed, and new possibilities for independent journalists have emerged.
Davronova Asilabonu Jo’rabek qizi was born on October 6, 2007, in the Jarqo’rg’on district of Surxondaryo region, Uzbekistan. She is currently studying in the 11th grade at School No. 5. Asilabonu has achieved numerous international accomplishments in various fields, showcasing her dedication and talent. Known for her academic excellence and active participation in global competitions, she is a rising star and continues to pursue her goals with determination and passion.
The past is easy in my breath without you, My day turned into a dark night. Longing roamed the garden of the heart, My night is passing without finding you.
Writing poetry, searching the heart, Let’s remember the past. He wears the lamp of regret, crying is stupid.
I will pour my heart out to you and empty the sack, Don’t let my feelings go to waste. I smile, like a mountain next to me You – be my root, let me live.
*** Comfort the beloved heart, Deceive that you will come. I’ll just stick to it We will also go to the tulip field.
The heavens know that I miss you, Rain falls from his forehead. Patience tested on my shoulder A vein is shooting deep..
My heart goes out to you, Get over the longings. Maybe today, maybe tomorrow Break the barriers.
*** You are my eyes in love I saw my love in your eyes. Do not drown in my tears I will reach out to you
My smiling faces It was like a desert without water. Every minute without you It looked like distant Venus.
My heart is broken, my heart is sick I look for you in myself, wow! Give me your identity My heart is beating, I hear it!
I’m leaving
Let the night wear a black veil, I will drown from the burden of sins. From the cares of a false world Sometimes I don’t know, I choke.
Whom did you envy, weak heart, I will tear my face for you. It’s hard for guilt to be revealed, eh, woah The face is broken. I will pass through the gates.
A day when the reward of sin is measured No one collects merit in time. I’m going, they’re gone, they’re gone No one can fit into this mortal world.
Tuliyeva Sarvinoz Uzbekistan. Born on November 8, 1999. Graduated from Alisher Navoi Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature (2023). The winner of the state award named after Zulfia (2019). Participant of the Zomin workshop of young artists (2019)
She is the author of the poetry books “Song of Peace”, “I am a Girl of Truth”, “Morning Poem”. Author of the creative collection “Nurli Izlar”. About 100 creative works have been published in republican and foreign newspapers and magazines. His creative works and articles have been published in Russia, Turkey, Germany, USA, Kenya, Great Britain. Teacher of native language and literature at Shaikhontohur District Vocational School, Tashkent.
