INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ENGAGING STUDENTS IN ACTIVE LEARNING: PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND PROBLEM-BASED TEACHING METHODS

Qodirov Farrux Ergash o‘g‘li

Head of the Department of Mathematics and Information 

Technology in Education

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

Boboqulova Durdona Sanjar qizi

2nd-year student, Mathematics major

Shahrisabz State Pedagogical Institute

Abstract: This article explores innovative methods of engaging students in active learning in higher education — namely project-based learning and problem-based teaching methods. These methods are designed to foster independent thinking and the development of practical skills. Project-based learning provides opportunities to solve real-life problems, while problem-based learning enhances students’ analytical and critical thinking abilities. The study highlights the role of these approaches in improving the effectiveness of education. As a result, it is confirmed that innovative methods play an important role in improving the quality of professional training.

Keywords: Innovative pedagogical technologies, project-based learning, problem-based learning, active learning, independent thinking, practical skills, higher education, learning effectiveness, interactive learning, professional training

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Introduction: In modern higher education, actively engaging students in the learning process is considered a crucial pedagogical task. Innovative pedagogical technologies are regarded as the main tools for improving the quality of education and for developing not only the theoretical knowledge but also the practical skills of young specialists. In particular, project-based learning and problem-based teaching methods are recognized as effective approaches to fostering independent thinking, creativity, and critical reasoning in students.

Project-based learning is a form of education that organizes students’ activities around solving real-life problems, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in practice. This method makes the learning process interactive, contextual, and engaging, enabling a deeper understanding of the subject. Problem-based learning, on the other hand, is a pedagogical approach that encourages students to identify, analyze, and seek solutions to problems independently. Through this method, students develop logical reasoning, decision-making, and systematic thinking skills.

Today, along with the above-mentioned approaches, digital technologies and interactive tools are widely introduced to increase the effectiveness of the learning process, which in turn contributes to raising the quality of education to a new level. Therefore, studying the pedagogical foundations, practical significance, and effectiveness of innovative approaches in engaging students in learning is considered one of the urgent issues.

Problem Statement: In modern higher education institutions, improving the quality of the learning process, ensuring high student engagement, and developing their independent thinking, creativity, and practical skills are urgent challenges. Traditional teaching methods often fail to sufficiently motivate student activity, which leads to a decrease in educational effectiveness.

For this reason, enriching the educational process with innovative pedagogical technologies — especially project-based and problem-based learning methods — is of great importance. Project-based learning directs students toward solving practical problems, increases their responsibility, and creates opportunities to apply knowledge in real-life situations. Problem-based learning, meanwhile, motivates students to develop self-management, critical, and logical thinking skills.

Therefore, identifying the effectiveness of these approaches in the learning process and examining their impact on students’ activity, academic performance, and creative potential is of both scientific and practical significance.

Research Methods: This study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. First, to establish a theoretical foundation, scientific literature, articles, and practical manuals in the fields of pedagogy, psychology, and educational technology were analyzed.

Second, to study the implementation of project-based and problem-based teaching methods in higher education institutions, surveys, interviews, and observations were conducted. Surveys explored the attitudes of students and teachers toward the new pedagogical methods, their participation in the learning process, challenges, and successes. Interviews provided insights into teachers’ approaches and difficulties in applying these innovations in practice.

In addition, experimental learning groups were organized, in which students’ knowledge, skills, and engagement were assessed when project-based and problem-based learning methods were applied. Statistical tools — including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and comparative methods — were used to analyze the data. These tools ensured the objectivity and reliability of the research and allowed for the scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative pedagogical approaches.

Research Results and Discussion: The results of the study showed that project-based learning and problem-based teaching methods are significantly more effective in engaging students in learning than traditional methods. In the experimental group, students’ academic performance and independent learning skills improved noticeably.

Project-based learning not only directed students toward theoretical knowledge but also enabled them to solve real-life problems, fostering their creativity and critical thinking abilities. Problem-based learning had a positive effect on the development of logical reasoning, analytical ability, and independent decision-making skills among students.

Survey and interview results confirmed that most students considered these methods interesting and motivating, and that their activity and participation in the learning process increased. Teachers also acknowledged the effectiveness of these approaches in improving educational quality, while emphasizing the need for professional development and methodological support in their implementation.

Furthermore, the study revealed that successful application of project-based and problem-based learning requires revising curricula and assessment systems, adapting learning materials, and using modern digital tools. This ensures that the educational process becomes more interactive and tailored to students’ needs.

Overall, the findings demonstrated that the widespread integration of innovative pedagogical technologies is a key factor in improving educational quality, enhancing student engagement, and developing practical skills. Therefore, systematic implementation of project-based and problem-based learning methods, along with continuous teacher training, should be a priority to make the learning process more effective.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that project-based and problem-based teaching methods are highly effective in actively engaging students in the learning process. These methods promote independent thinking, creativity, and the development of practical skills, preparing students to solve real-life problems.

Innovative pedagogical approaches play a crucial role in improving educational quality, encouraging student participation, and enhancing the interactivity of the learning process. The research also revealed that successful implementation of these methods requires revising curricula, integrating modern technologies, and improving teachers’ professional skills.

Therefore, systematically expanding the use of project-based and problem-based learning in higher education makes the learning process more effective and modern, while significantly contributing to the preparation of highly qualified professionals.

References:

Abdullayev, B. (2020). Innovative Pedagogical Technologies: Theory and Practice. Tashkent: Teacher Publishing.

Karimov, M. (2021). Project-Based Learning Methodology. Tashkent: Science.

Rasulova, N. (2019). Problem-Based Learning Methods and Their Effectiveness. Journal of Pedagogy, 3(12), 45-52.

Sobirov, T. (2022). Interactive Methods in Higher Education. Tashkent: University Press.

Tashkent State University. (2023). Innovations in the Educational Process: Scientific Collection. Tashkent.

UNESCO. (2018). Innovative Pedagogies for Powerful Learning: Toolkit for Educators. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

Zokirov, A. (2020). Methods of Developing Critical Thinking in Education. Scientific Bulletin, 4(7), 78-85.

Grzegorz Wróblewski was born in 1962 in Gdańsk and grew up in Warsaw. Since 1985 he has been living in Copenhagen. English translations of his work are available in Our Flying Objects (trans. Joel Leonard Katz, Rod Mengham, Malcolm Sinclair, Adam Zdrodowski, Equipage, 2007), A Marzipan Factory (trans. Adam Zdrodowski, Otoliths, 2010), Kopenhaga (trans. Piotr Gwiazda, Zephyr Press, 2013), Let’s Go Back to the Mainland (trans. Agnieszka Pokojska, Červená Barva Press, 2014), Zero Visibility (trans. Piotr Gwiazda, Phoneme Media, 2017), Dear Beloved Humans (trans. Piotr Gwiazda, Lavender/Dialogos Books, 2023), I Really Like Lovers of Poetry (trans. Grzegorz Wróblewski & Marcus Silcock Slease, Červená Barva Press, 2024), Tatami in Kyoto (Literary Waves Publishing, 2024). Asemic writing book Shanty Town (Post-Asemic Press, 2022), asemic object Asemics (zimZalla, 2025).

The Valence Of Cynicism

                    (I)

With money, 

love from people comes around

People’s interest towards you abound

They want relationship with you

Their interest is hidden from your view

Some want  you to have intimacy with them

Their ‘want-back-in return’ you won’t condemn

When they are satisfied with they want,

they say outside your hearing what you are not.

You want to show altruism

But they depict Cynicism.

       (Ii)

Diogenes was a character of transparency

His mannerism was void of hypocrisy

The truth was exposing the lies of culture of humanity

Ancient Greek had its elitism off the reality

Living by the idea was an evidence

He gave the ideology of Cynicism a substance

The ancient Greek elite kept his activities in private 

 Diogenes’ lifestyle of copulation and defecation in public exposed his mate.

The double-standard culture was typical among the elites.

Diogenes’ idea of Cynicism  unveiled the truth the less-considered minorities.

Iii)

Politicians are seen as great tools for change

But are concerned from what they to gain  the meagre wage

Politicians unveils to their subjects  what they want to hear

But ensure they utterly steer clear

Politicians encourage the use of vaccine shots

But they immune themselves from the faults.

Politicians appear to be selfless in service

But are really spineless-to the people in terms of importance

Politicians assure people change is on the way

But eventually leave them in dismay

I am a poetess

I am lucky to be a female poet in the 21st century.

During thousands years of history,

Women’s status and rights have always been humble.

Now I want to stand among the forerunners of the present.

It’s not just about being a good daughter, wife and mother,

Nor does it just consume energy and time to sew and cook,

But to be as strong and as independent as a pine tree.

Of course, we also smile like a flower.

Like Marie Curie’s wisdom rising to the heights,

Like Nightingale, the founder of poetry,

Like Simon de Beauvoir writing her own philosophy.

When you can hold an umbrella for someone else

You don’t have to be afraid of rain and snow,

You are worthy of life in that way.

You are also the creator of this era.

******************

Anna Keiko, a distinguished poetess and essayist from Shanghai, China, has made a profound impact on contemporary literature. A graduate of Shanghai East China University with a Bachelor’s degree in Law, she has achieved global recognition for her poetry, which has been translated into more than 30 languages and published in over 500 journals, magazines, and media outlets across 40 countries. Keiko is the founder and chief editor of the ACC Shanghai Huifeng Literature Association and serves as a Chinese representative and director of the International Cultural Foundation Ithaca. Her affiliations extend to Immagine & Poesia in Italy and the Canadian-Cuban Literary Union, reflecting her commitment to fostering cross-cultural literary exchanges. Her poetic oeuvre spans six collections, including “Lonely in the Blood and Absurd Language”, showcasing her exploration of human emotions, environmental concerns, and existential themes. Her innovative style and evocative imagery have earned her numerous accolades, such as the 30th International Poetry Award in Italy and the World Peace Ambassador Certificate in 2024. Notably, she was the first Chinese recipient of the Cross-Cultural Exchange Medal for Significant Contribution to World Poetry, awarded in the United States in 2023. Her works, including “Octopus Bones” and other acclaimed poems, have resonated with readers worldwide, garnering invitations to prominent international poetry festivals and conferences. Her dedication to the arts extends beyond poetry, encompassing prose, essays, lyrics, and drama, underscoring her versatility as a writer. Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2020, Anna Keiko continues to break barriers, bringing Chinese literature to the global stage.

Contributor Abigail George would like to share a new project of hers: a blog called Mentally Sound that features articles, updates, a magazine, poetry, and uplifting music. In this day and age, so many things can affect our mental health. Please feel free to join the blog and blog about your own experiences or loving someone who has a mood disorder or an individual who is suffering from depression. Log in, blog, do read the posts and leave comments to inspire our growing community!

Now for this issue’s theme: Layers Upon Layers.

For we are all bound in stories, and as the years pile up they turn to stone, layer upon layer, building our lives. – Steven Erikson

This month’s contributions deal with the complexities of nature, history, culture, language, or even the psyche of a single person. Everything we choose or experience builds upon itself to make us who we are, even short-lived experiences.

Yucheng Tao’s poetry collection April No Longer Comes, published by Alien Buddha Press and reviewed by Cristina Deptula, explores moments of love and beauty that are wonderful and transient, like the season of spring. Sean Lee’s poems remind us that even fleeting moments can be meaningful and beautiful. Jian Yeo’s poetry touches on the pain and beauty we can find in mortality. Mykyta Ryzhykh contributes surreal images of life, death, and the cycle of modern existence. John Grey’s poetry explores comings and goings, presences and disappearances.

Yoonji Huh presents nature, family tenderness, and humor with a color scheme that looks historical and weathered. Gwil James Thomas speaks in several tough-minded pieces to memories and dreams and our sources of inspiration. Sean Lee’s artwork evokes the power of the imagination to illuminate daily life. Alina Lee’s poetry suggests that our pasts and futures comprise layers of each moment in which we find ourselves. JK Kim’s poetry looks at summer scenes with a calm nostalgia, after events have passed. Alexis Lee’s poems probe what we choose to value and remember, what we invest in and find beautiful. Olivia Koo probes the nature of memory, how multiple moments combine to craft a mental impression and feeling. Ah-Young Dana Park’s poetry comments on our changing memories and perspectives as time passes and we age. Chloe Park’s art revels in exquisite detail, probing culture and memory with intricacy. Sally Lee provides poetic snapshots of moments in time, considering whether they have meaning or value without context.

Seoyun Park’s visuals speak to how we observe and confront life, the dangers we face and those we pose. Ethan Lee’s poems remind us of the underside of our world: the everyday grotesque and the many layers of the ordinary. Irene Kim’s work explores the strain and melancholy that can permeate ordinary moments. Austin Chung’s poetry illustrates various kinds of disorder and dispersion as Taylor Dibbert vents his annoyance at the common problem of loud museum patrons. Lauren Kim stays with a single scene from everyday life for an entire poem, probing its layers. Haeun Regina Kim’s poetry examines ordinary objects and animals in depth, sharing details and language to create an off-kilter feel.

Brian Barbeito also explores deeply, focusing in on the flora and fauna of an Aruba resort. Debabarata Sen celebrates the verdant beauty of Costa Rica. David Sapp’s poetic speakers become waylaid by the arresting color and beauty of nature. Dylan Hong’s pieces present a gentle, abstract, even whimsical peek at nature. Grace Lee’s poetry crafts dreamlike, gentle, floating scenes. Terry Trowbridge’s pieces on peach harvests evoke the challenging economics and natural realities of farming. Mahbub Alam reminds us of the innate rough wildness of nature: storms, volcanoes, huge predators.

Jacques Fleury translates Dr. Jason Allen Paissant’s poem “Treeness,” about threats humankind poses to trees and the natural world, into Haitian Creole in a collaboration with Dr. Rachel Rome to provide music and poetry for the Boston Public Garden.

Sayani Mukherjee evokes the rhythm of a public piano played for big city pedestrians in a rainstorm. Eva Petropoulou Lianou waxes poetic about the beauty of the moon. Noriniso Kasimova shares memories of spring in her hometown and her father’s love. Chinese poet Su Yun collects a group of short poems from elementary school students, mostly impressions of natural scenes. Dhani M.’s artwork stylizes natural scenes to create emotional senses of calm, curiosity, and wonder. Jinwoo Brian Park’s art suggests that we can re-incorporate the old into the new, the natural into the artificial.

Mark Young contributes a fresh set of fanciful geographies. G. Emil Reutter humorously describes noisy construction’s impact on local residents. Erin Kim’s artwork explores the upsides and downsides of civilization’s technological progress. Katie Hong’s work critiques our isolation and obsession with technology as Xushnudbek Yakubov warns of the dangers of online misinformation. Sophie Yoon’s art critiques our complex relationship with consumption and the natural world. Eugene Han’s art explores who we are and where we’re going as humans, and our relationships with nature. Shabbona Abdurashidova highlights the importance of sustainable ecology in Uzbekistan. Jahin Claire Oh’s work speculates on how the world’s other creatures might see us: mimicking and learning from them, drifting into or penetrating their environments.

J.K. Durick speaks to new, wild, and real frontiers in modern nature and technology, commenting on our efforts to understand and control them. Pulkita Anand evokes the mental and physical disorientation brought on by the colonization of one’s land.

Ahmed Miqdad calls the world to action to help suffering civilians in Gaza. Patricia Doyne also calls the world’s attention to starvation in Gaza. Stephen Jarrell Williams speaks to the numbing, mindless destruction of war.

Poet Eva Petropoulou Lianou illuminates themes of patriotism and sacrifice in Algeria’s quest for independence in Turkia Loucif’s fantasy novel The Legend of a Squirrel. Yuldasheva Xadichaxon outlines themes of resilience and patriotism in Resat Nuri Guntekin’s novel The Clinging Bird.

Abdisattorova Xurshida highlights the contrasting legacies of Genghis Khan and Amir Temur. Abdisattorova Hurshida reflects on her admiration for Uzbek martial artist Abdulbosit Abdullayev. Maftuna Rustamova and Chorsanbiyeva Gulnoza poetize in honor of the military personnel who serve and guard Uzbekistan. Zumrad Sobirova celebrates the poetic beauty and pride of her Uzbek heritage. Jumaniyozova Nazokat encourages Uzbekistan’s young people to develop a greater appreciation for their heritage by visiting points of historical interest.

Nilufar Moydinova’s essay highlights language’s inextricable interconnection with thought, life, and culture. Mauro Montacchiesi creates a dialogue of philosophical thoughts and poetry between Dr. Jernail Singh and Rabindranath Tagore. Federico Wardal speaks to his long admiration for artist Andy Warhol and director and screen writer Federico Fellini. Orolova Dinora explores layers of meaning in Antoine St. Exupery’s The Little Prince as Surayyo Nosirova celebrates the heritage of Uzbek author Alexandr Faynberg.

Reagan Shin revels in the comfort and ecstasy and happy memories she finds in books. Mushtariybegim Ozodbekova highlights the power of books and stories to transcend time, culture, age, and space. Panoyeva Jasmina O’tkirovna highlights ways language teachers can help students develop fluency through relevant speaking and grammar practice. Turg’unov Jonpo’lat explores techniques to help children of all abilities to learn foreign languages. Nafosat Jovliyeva and Dilshoda Jurayeva illustrate gamification and other creative strategies for language learning. Rahimova Dilfuza Abdinabiyevna discusses ways to improve student competence with writing and speaking. Hilola Badriddinova outlines strategies used throughout the developed world to teach foreign languages.

Linda S. Gunther contributes a craft essay on “interviewing” your characters to better understand them as a writer. Paul Tristram’s poetry explores the heroic narratives we create through our writing and our lives. Gloria Ameh evokes the visceral sensations of writing on topics close to the bone.

Abigail George writes a stream of consciousness essay on her vulnerabilities from mental illness and just plain existing as a female-bodied person and how enduring them inspired her to write. Soumen Roy also connects beauty to vulnerability, speaking to the fading Mona Lisa and the union of joy and sorrow as fellow travelers.

J.J. Campbell reflects on disillusionment, loss, and the eternal quest, against all odds, for love. Mesfakus Salahin speaks evocatively of his quest for love and freedom. Baxtiniso Salimova’s poetry tells an epic love story. Mirta Liliana Ramirez relates intense grief at the loss of her lover. Dilnoza Islomova expresses her gratitude for her mother’s tender care. Bill Tope and Doug Hawley collaborate on a love story that turns unexpectedly tender. Urazaliyeva Sarvinoz shares an emotional tale of jealousy, love, and forgiveness between two twin sisters. Sarvinoz Orifova expresses gratitude for her parents’ constant love and care. Wazed Abdullah expresses his love and gratitude for his mother. Ozodbek Narzullayev expresses his love for his mother and invites her to share her life struggles with him for support. Xurshida Abdisattorova shares the story of a mother’s complicated grief for an imperfect husband and father who passes away in a sudden accident. Shoxrukh Fayzulla o’g’li Dusmatov speaks to his mother’s love and care and how wealth alone matters little without compassion and humanity.

To’raqulova Pokiza Sanjarovna speaks to the need for human compassion, wisdom, respect, and personal development. Hamza Kamar’s poetry expresses his powerful hopes for a transcendent hero. Bhagirath Chowdhary expresses his determination to avoid the next life until he has finished roaming this world, offering blessings to others. Charles Taylor’s short story probes our ethics and the extent of the compassion we owe our friends and fellow humans.

Julia Kanno reminds residents of the USA that most Latino immigrants are hardworking people with lives and dreams. Bill Tope presents a tale of a survivor’s search for justice for a sexual assault that shattered her psyche. Abdisattorova Khurshida presents a tale of thievery exposed.

Graciela Noemi Villaverde shares a poem on the joy of community and diversity and welcoming special education students. Haeun Regina Kim’s artwork explores unity and acceptance of others, as well as harmony among rural and urban areas. Nabijonova Madinabonu outlines how sharing coffee can help us build building friendship and community. Khudoyqulova Shahzoda highlights Uzbekistan’s programs to enhance economic opportunities for low income women and families and the disabled.

Nazarova Moxiniso looks into discipline and student character development as part of Uzbek preschool education. Ulsanam Ulmasovna outlines Amir Temur’s contributions to the Uzbek education system. Islomov Inomjon describes the Geoment, a device to teach mathematical reasoning to children with low or no vision.

Bozorboyeva Iroda offers encouragement for young people to find and follow their own dreams. Khudoykulova Shahzoda points out consequences of and solutions to youth unemployment.

Abdurayimov Faxriddin suggests strategies for teaching music practice and theory for children. Colombian philosopher and author Dr. Tayron Achury interviews Dr. Alexander Klujev, professor of musicology, about the increasing role of human personality and feeling in modern classical music.

Greg Gildersleeve’s pieces speculate on how small individuals can claim agency in a large world. Akramov G’ulomnazar’s poetry asserts his courage and resilience. Ashirova Dilrabo Ermatovna urges us to stay motivated and persevere towards our goals.

Various contributors celebrate notable people who should be better known, or highlight important research work. Sobirjonova Rayhona outlines the career and accomplishments of Uzbek woman mathematician and teacher Shodmonova Hilola. Eshmurodova Sevinch highlights the need for training for employees in Uzbekistan’s banking industry in digital technology to modernize industry. Muslima Olimova highlights strategies corporations have used to adapt to stay on top in a digital world. Jo’rayev Ulug’bek outlines engineering techniques for strengthening concrete structures. Mirzaolimov Mirabbos probes the medical relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Ostanaqulov Xojiakbar speculates on how to improve web search engine optimization to improve online communication and website findability. Orozboyeva Mohina Nuraliyevna outlines the role and history of psychology as practiced in Uzbekistan.

On a more psychological level, Duane Vorhees’ poetry covers and highlights human complexity: different aspects to our personalities, different choices we can make, how we can change with time. James Benger’s poetry explores the fear and tension underlying our individual existences, the danger from geologic pressure, storms, raw meat – and how we sometimes find hope to carry forward.

Andrew Ban shares restless, random thoughts, finding commonalities with all humanity while acknowledging the need to protect and defend himself if needed. Dongeon Kim’s work presents scenes of intense human and natural energy while Texas Fontanella revels in the pure sound of non-representational language. Dennis Daly wanders through a variety of human feelings, from nostalgia to frustration to faith. Michael Robinson shares his journey and heritage of faith, how he found a spiritual home and refuge in Christ and the church. Muhammad Sanusi Adam speaks to struggle, resilience, destiny, creation, and faith.

Gaurav Ojha seeks out meaning in a confusing and vast world, ultimately affirming everyone’s ability to find their own truths. We hope that reading this issue helps you to find a smidgen of truth for your own life.

Don’t Cry
When the fires of longing start to burn,
And pain inside your heart begins to churn,
Don’t let it wound you, don’t let it stay,
They’re not as brave or bold as you each day.
Forget their words — let go, don’t let them in,
They speak and speak, then fall silent again.
Why heed their stings, their spiteful, bitter cries,
When pushing forward makes them cease their lies?

---

Life…
We stand in life’s trials, fierce and wide,
In tunes that shift like the changing tide.
At times we falter, bent by fear and pain,
Our backs bowed low beneath the strain.
But from Allah comes this soul we bear,
And all we do, He makes it fair.
Don’t ever think that I’m too plain —
I’m sharp of mind, from Fergana I came!

Akramov G’ulomnazar Kamoliddin o’gli  was born on April 10, 2008, in Qo‘shtepa district. He studied at School No. 30 in Qo‘shtepa district, later attended the former 1st Specialized Boarding School (IDUMI), and is currently a student in the 11th grade “Blue” class at the Specialized School of Margilan city.

Ghulomnazar Akramov has achieved numerous accomplishments. He is the recipient of over 150 international certificates and has actively participated in national competitions, earning more than 500 certificates, diplomas, and letters of appreciation. He is also the founder of several projects and has been an active participant in regional geography olympiads.

He achieved an 83% proficiency level in the Uzbek language and literature according to the BMBA (Bureau for Measuring Basic Achievement) assessment. His articles have been published in Kenya Times and Classico Opine newspapers in Kenya. His literary works have also appeared in the Reven Gage Zine book published in Germany, as well as on literary websites in Italy.

His book titled “The Generation of the Future” was published by Just-Fiction Edition and Amazon Online Store in the United Kingdom. He is a member of Smile, a national magazine; serves as the district coordinator of the “Dillmir” Youth Voluntary Organization (EVH); deputy regional coordinator of the “Intilish” Youth Organization in Fergana region; and was the third-party nominee of the “Shijoat” Youth Organization in the same region.

Currently, he is the Head of “Golden Wings” in Fergana region and the Chairman of the “Council of Young Reformers” of Fergana region. He is also a member of the Juntos Por Las Letras writers’ association in Argentina and works as an editor for the national “Ijodkorlar” (Creative People) journal.

Hiraeth

Only in silence does it come to you

In waves of sadness and abysmal loss.

Its memory nudges, seems overdue,

A river behind us we can’t uncross.

At night, waking in the wolf’s chosen hours,

I ache for a world that I never quite had

With kin, friends, and the strangest wildflowers,

One wraith whistling through, one kindly nomad.

Or a wondrous boat on a wondrous lake,

Half sunk in the mud, half sparking through space,

Brothers and sisters, its crew at daybreak,

A dream forever, our eternal place.

A Berserker’s Meditation

In cold, in rain, in embattlement dives,

They scare, they come at me, they threaten rout,

Voices that prod, alarm with unsheathed knives.

I duck in plain sight, my long-time hideout.

They scare, they come at me, they threaten rout:

A nature sharpened by those spiteful ways.

I duck in plain sight, my long-time hideout,

My sanctuary from man’s dread malaise.

A nature sharpened by those spiteful ways,

I wing by them, flutter with their echo,

My sanctuary from man’s dread malaise.

I dream of a future, a counterblow.

I wing by them, flutter with their echo,

Whirling on past with a darker domain.

I dream of a future, a counterblow

With sea surge and wind tears—a hurricane.

Whirling on past with a darker domain,

My words well up from the thick ink of youth.

With sea surge and wind tear—a hurricane,

Both metered and wild. All hear ye the truth.

My words well up from the thick ink of youth,

Within me the wolf thrashes for release,

Both metered and wild. All hear ye the truth:

Escape without scruple, never at peace.

Within me the wolf thrashes for release,

Voices that prod, alarm with unsheathed knives,

Escape without scruple, never at peace

In cold, in rain, in embattlement dives.

Being

Awakened to breath, queued up in a birth

That breaks through night’s deep-felt fascination,

You curl to softness of voice and heartbeat,

Then see the spread that winks in new color,

A blush which towers toward a heavy sky

To bell the serpent-predator of space

With electric bursts. The weather pauses

Its cosmic flood. Tottering with children,

A weakened house now centers the tempest

On growing these frantic siblings, these souls

Who fire mythology with new heroes.

You’re one of them, entangled in kinship,

Rooted together before the great storm

Of long separation sparks you ahead.

Bird song welcomes a wind-dried, green moment

Filled with future and final victories

Or failures, smithed in yesterday’s dreamscapes

Of polished words that seem to form themselves.

Interim Ethic

War drums reverse all harmony,

All good; the children of their wrath

And the brittle-boned, a bloodbath

Share, both fate and burst destiny.

Arrogance builds the status quo,

The sated pomp, the prettiness.

All bores brag, sans the dare, the fuss,

As they trip the curving narrow.

The other way, which sets a goal,

It lights the world in what should be,

A faith in our mythology—

A warmth of words, a mountain’s soul.

Grammarian’s Nightmare

The words themselves were rearranged

By other words that had no souls.

It happened thus: the world’s deranged

Marched forward on a bed of coals.