The Shore:  On Poets, Schiller And Making Mention Of The Goethean Observation

This is a prose poem that on the face of it in so many words is for children in conflict, war and genocide around the world from a South African poet, writing with a distinct voice for the voiceless. Writing too for the marginalised and disenfranchised, and those experiencing scarcity, lack and poverty in their lives.

“Art is the daughter of freedom,” said Friedrich Schiller, but I say that true art, writing, reading, and expressing oneself is the most noble form of the  communication of the heart. Difficult to attain, tough to master but the experience, negative or positive, is thoroughly worthwhile. It is an experience that gives rise to stamina, willpower, inner strength and discipline. It was the following poets: Dennis Brutus who lived that experience, Victor Wessels who embraced it. It is poets, contemporary poets and beyond, that define that specific experience (in my books) for generations to come of what a poetic life, poetic drive, poetic force truly means. It is an experience that is based on revolutionary struggle and power, strategy, design and personal freedom.

A true poet speaks from an act, a scholarly act, a pause between words, a calm interlude, the brutal heart, vulnerabilities, and images that the pen puts to paper. Putting pen to paper is sometimes all that it takes, resting awareness against wave after wave, vibration after vibration. A true poet walks that powerful line that borders dream and reality, invention and pathway into the unknown, into uncertainty. A true poet leaps into that unknown, leaps across the boundaries and borders of heaven and cloud, and the same poet creates a vision out of nothing, out of art, out of words, out of clay hands. This artistry is unique. It belongs to the poet alone, as Dennis Brutus demonstrated in Letters To Martha, Arthur Nortje in Roots and C. Swart in I Write Riddles And Remedies.

The poet tells us that out of pathetic sadness and the frustration found in struggle, hardship and despair that beauty can still be found in our aloneness, that there is still an enduring message of hope to be found in the unforgiving nature and energy of loneliness. In a time of war, I have discovered that Chantel Swart is one of those poets. Her gift resonates through bone and sinew. As I read her poetry, I draw a long breath and on the exhale I am reminded of things I want to remember but I am also  reminded of things I don’t want to remember.

She is a writer who writes for the world, for the lonely, for the disenchanted, for the disenfranchised in the same ways Nizar Qabbani, Don Afrika Beukes, Tariro Ndoro, Tendai Rinos Mwanaka, Rupert Brooke, Eugene Skeef, Mongane Serote, Khaled Juma, Refaat Alaheer, Yehuda Amichai, Nick Mulgrew, Kiran Bhat, Allan Kolski Horwitz, Miri Ben-Simhon, Diana Ferrus and Clinton V. du Plessis, Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan have written for the interloper, for those who belong and for those who feel empty, for those who want more out of life, for those that want to be loved on their terms. These are all the poets that make Goethean observations in their work. All the writers that I mentioned write for the outsider. The poet writes for humanity. Humanity is the outsider looking in, looking for love, looking for self-acceptance.

It is the poet that is courageous. It is the poet who forgives the sins of this harsh, cruel world but it is God who forgives absolutely.

Most of all it is recognition that is wanted. The outsider wants recognition, and it is perhaps only the poet that can grant them that, isn’t that what Don Mattera defined a generation as, isn’t that what the freedom fighters who wrote poetry risked, risk? They faced assassination, and that elusive feeling of being loved for who they are, they want their identity to be embraced, they want to be identified, named, claimed, represented in the face of smoke, bone and flesh.

I remember so many things when I read poetry. When the end of a relationship came in my life, it took me years to acknowledge the pain of that ending. I discovered personal freedom and peace of mind in poetry. Childhood again, for one. That collection of sweetness and longing for mother, the presence of father and abandonment, ruin and a kind of wounded, hurt feeling. I am also reminded of a broken world, my broken world, a broken life, capturing those heady emotions and feelings in stark and bleak images. Capturing them in photographs. There they exist on the pages of C. Swart’s poetry, these images, this bleak, dull feeling inside of me as fleeting as happiness, as temporary as day and sunset. They exist for me, and for another female poet. Other poets, people of the South, other poets from Africa. I meet the sun and prayer in my loneliness in Swart’s words, on those pages.

It is important to realise that as the world falls apart around you and collapses after you have lost someone that there will always be music. Now that the relationship has ended, now that the man who was very briefly in my life is gone that is what remains. All of this beautiful and wonderful music remains. When I want to remember, when I want to think about the past, that fleeting happiness I felt so many hours and years ago I play Erik Satie, the Russian composers or Jacqueline du Pre or other classical music. John Cage, for example, or Philip Glass and what will come to me is the outline of the man’s face, the characteristic traits of his personality, the colour of the night as I watched him park his spaceship of a car in the driveway. All of these things have taken to mean so much to me. Yes, he changed me, and he is still significant.

Yes, he is still important to me. Poetry is still important to me. The crash of the music resonates throughout my entire body and a calmness is restored inside my heart. I think as I listen to the rhythm inside the piano keys of the man and I can hear him smile. I feel an ache tearing me up inside as I think of my sadness and his newfound happiness, the relationship that he has now in the country he calls home but it doesn’t matter because I have music. I have Daniel Barenboim and Leonard Bernstein and videos of ballet to watch. And as long as I have tears I will have music.

I listen to this music from the soundtrack of the film The Hours and it’s as if he’s still here. It’s as if he’s still alive for me. Your memory is still alive for me and that’s what counts. The music offers me up his memory and once more his important to me and even this is significant to me. We never really lose in love. It is just the measure of loss and grief in time. Temporary pastimes. Fleeting moments that are viewed with such precision and such mental acumen. Poets live energetic lives in flux, within a maelstrom that is never ending and that can be burdensome if they don’t get it down on paper. All I want to know as the music rises and rises and crashes against every cell in my chest and rib cage and lung and bone and meets all of this pent-up emotion within, what are the contemporary poets hailing from Africa listening to? I wonder to myself, does the man still think of me at all? I can still hear the sound of his voice in this room and sometimes that is all that matters to me. Tragic. Tragic. How tragic is that and what a bittersweet ending. Not the fairy tale after all but an ending nonetheless. I get up and make tea. The music isn’t playing anymore but it is in my heart.

Poetry belongs to the positive and the negative vibration in the wave alone. If you are a poet you speak of the truth, of what you envision, whether it is a clearer understanding of the things we hold dear in life or what we stand in solidarity with. Even the poet is innocent and can be quite innocent in their language that they use.

Even a child can understand what is right and what is wrong and the poet holds up his pen and declares like a child, like every child what is right and what is wrong. That to me is the definition of innocent. There is no struggle, no despair, no hardship in realising and acknowledging what the truth is. It is struggle, despair and hardship that is complex.

That is difficult to define and draw boundaries around. It is struggle, despair and hardship that is complicated.

When I think of Credo Mutwa, I think of the (Native American) shamans. I think of Rumi. I think of Khalil Gibran. If we do not read and write and master reading and writing how will we ever truly articulate our pain. The experience of happiness is a beautiful experience and it can be profound but pain, emotional pain, the “dense pain body” that Eckhart Tolle spoke of in The Power Of Now can be profound too and both happiness and pain can transform our being. This change can be inspiring, a motivating factor in our lives. To these people, to the poets that came before and after, money, wealth and prosperity meant nothing to them, as did material possessions. To our intellectuals, our philosophers, our teachers it is what leads to the betterment of society that is significant to them, what are the aspects of humanity that are noble and virtuous. The greatest of these are the poets, poetry.

It is far easier to carry pain in one’s heart than happiness. It is far easier to acknowledge a clinical depression than to laugh. But in the face of both suffering and malevolence in the world, in the face of sadness, utter despair and struggle, in the face of solitude, silence and the endless hours stretching out before you, there is poetry. There will always be poetry that will save you.

To taste the sweetness of life, to experience the hardship and overwhelming grief of loss and the emptiness of the world without your loved one at your side. For melancholy to always be in your inner circle, for clinical depression to never leave you, for flowers and the smell of incense burning to be a constant presence in your life, on your desk, beside your papers and important books is for your soul to be absolutely ruled by and run by and nurtured by and nourished by poetry. Who is a poet? What is a poet? If life exists, if you are alive, then you are a poet.

In love you will always find despair, always, but in poetry, for poetry to exist, it means love must exist. It means that suffering and death must co-exist. The hours may be empty but you will always have shapes of consolation. Even the intellect can and will offer you hope and cause for reflection for nothing is lost in life. The sea has waves and even the river can nourish your soul. Look, from the river to the sea, the poet finds whatever nourishes their soul. The blue sky, the green grass. You choose. It is always your choice. To despair or find the silver lining, find life, find love.

Published on the Modern Diplomacy website in the African Renaissance blog on November 14, 2024 and published again on the Ovi website on November 23, 2024.

DIGITAL MARKETING AND NEW WAYS TO WORK WITH CUSTOMERS

Mehrojova Maftuna Soli qizi

student of the Jizzakh branch National University of Uzbekistan named Mirzo Ulugbek

maftunamehrojova64@gmail.com

Abstract: This article examines new ways of dealing with digital marketing and customers. Rapid changes and new trends in the field of digital marketing, as well as innovative approaches such as interactive content and social networks are discussed. These methods help companies develop their brands and build strong relationships with customers. The article aims to study modern approaches to increase the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies and maintain their competitiveness.

Keywords: digital marketing, customer service, personalization, social networks, innovative approaches, marketing strategies, competitiveness.

Introduction

With the introduction of digital technologies into society, it has fundamentally changed every segment of society. In particular, the growth and changes taking place in the business sector show that digital marketing has a significant impact on the development of the economy and the efficiency of the enterprise.

The organization can also implement these complex changes by establishing an effective management strategy. The primary solution for this is to develop a digital transformation strategy that unifies the system and to successfully apply it within the organization. Digitalization offers several advantages, including increased sales or efficiency, and the emergence of new forms of customer interaction.

Recently, various factors have contributed to the growth of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) usage in the market. Many organizations now focus not on competing for new customers, but on increasing the share of demand among existing customers. This involves aggregating customer information obtained by integrating internal databases and acquiring external syndicated data. Computational power is growing exponentially. Software and tools are being developed for the use of these data and computers, which instead of restricting access to analysts, convey analytical tools to the decision-maker. Despite this growth in marketing practices, CRM research in academia remains groundbreaking. The very high costs associated with the commercial failure of the new product emphasize the importance of a model that effectively predicts the product’s entry into the market at the design stage.

Key features of digital marketing

Digital marketing focuses on the process of advertising products, services, or brands through digital channels, such as search engines, social media, email, mobile apps, and other digital platforms. It encompasses a multitude of approaches, methods, and strategies for attracting, engaging, and converting an online audience to buyers or customers. This is a type of marketing that uses digital technologies to engage with customers in a useful and effective way.

One of the most important advantages of digital marketing is the ability to direct specific consumers using personalized and relevant messages. Digital marketers can develop high-target ads that are more relevant to the target audience by analyzing data on consumer behavior and preferences.

Another advantage of digital marketing is the availability of data and ideas in real time. Digital merchants can use analytics tools to track the effectiveness of their campaigns, calculate ROI, and make data-driven decisions to optimize their strategy and improve results.

Manage customer interactions

The foundation for the development of the modern digital economy is e-commerce, which is beneficial for businesses that want to test themselves, and it helps to conduct a series of customer interactions and observations. The customer relationship management system is fundamentally different from other marketing support systems. Their classification is as follows:

1. An operational method of customer interaction. It provides quick access to information about a specific customer during customer interaction (sales and service). Clear organization of customer interaction across all channels requires system integration in the process of coordination. Currently, much of the customer relationship management system is focused on this category.

2. Analytical management of customer relationships. Analyze statistical data to develop a more effective marketing strategy. System integration statistics require effective analysis. Analytical customer relationship management is used in a smaller scale than the above category, and the concepts of data storage and analysis are much closer. For this reason, system providers in this field are referred to as systems for analytical management of their relationships with customers.

3. Collaborative management of customer relationships. It allows the customer to have more influence on the design development, product creation, delivery, and service processes. The internal process of the enterprise requires technologies that encourage the client to cooperate with low costs. For example:

1. Collecting customer suggestions when developing product designs.

2. Access customer product samples with feedback;

3. Counter-price organization, that is, by placing one’s own demands on the product and how much one can pay for that product.

Digital and social media marketing strategies.

There are different strategies for achieving digital and social media marketing success. Below are some of the key techniques that are most commonly used in this field:

Content marketing is a way to engage and influence the audience by creating and disseminating useful and interesting information. This can include blog posts, videos, infographics, and many other types of content. Well-crafted content not only expands the audience, but also helps to create a positive image of the brand.

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is a search engine optimization strategy aimed at highlighting websites in search engines. This will attract more traffic (the number of visitors to the website) and generate tremendous sales. Actions such as keyword research, in-page SEO, off-page SEO, and technical SEO are important parts of SEO.

Email marketing is the regular sending of information by email to users included in a specific list. This method allows you to report special offers, news, and products. Email marketing is very effective not only in attracting new customers, but also in strengthening relationships with existing customers.

Social media ads – Advertising on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, allows you to target a target audience directly. These platforms can be clearly marked, taking into account users’ interests, age, and geographical location.

Interactive marketing, also known as marketing, is a type of marketing that encourages two-way communication between a brand and its audience. This involves using various channels and strategies to engage customers in the conversation, rather than just sending messages to them. The goal of interactive marketing is to create a more attractive and memorable customer experience, build brand loyalty, and ultimately increase sales.

There are several advantages of interactive marketing:

Increased engagement	Interactive marketing allows businesses to communicate more meaningfully with their customers, creating a two-way conversation that can lead to increased brand awareness and loyalty.
Enhanced customer experience	By delivering personalized and interactive experiences to customers, businesses improve the overall customer experience and make it more enjoyable and memorable.
High conversion rates	Interactive marketing campaigns often have higher conversion rates than traditional marketing methods because they are more engaging and memorable.
Greater customers concept	Interactive marketing allows businesses to collect valuable information about customer preferences, behavior, and needs. This information can be used to improve marketing strategies and develop new products.
Enhanced brand reputation	When customers have a positive relationship with a brand, they are more likely to recommend it to others, which can increase the brand’s reputation and attract new customers.
Cost-effective	Interactive marketing can be a cost-effective way to reach customers, especially through digital channels like social media and email marketing.

In conclusion, the introduction of new methods of digital marketing and customer service has become an integral part of modern business strategies. These methods allow not only to effectively implement marketing processes, but also to more accurately respond to customer needs. Approaches such as personalization and interactive content help build strong relationships with customers, which increases brand trust.

Influencer marketing and social media strategies play an important role in increasing brand visibility in the digital world and reaching a wide audience. It also improves 24/7 customer service through chatbots and virtual assistants, enhances brand interest and user experience.

The application of innovative approaches to digital marketing allows companies to maintain competitiveness and seize new market opportunities. New ways to work with customers are not just marketing strategies, but a powerful tool that serves to further develop the overall business model. In the future, we expect new trends and technological advancements in this direction, which will give companies not only innovation but also an advantage in effectively working with their customers.

List of references:

1. Khakimov Z.A., Sharifkhujaev U.U. Interactive and Digital Marketing. Economics Publishing House. 2020. – 183p.

2. Azizova Manzura Ibragimovna PLANNING THE ACTIVITIES OF AN ORGANIZATION USING DIGITAL MARKETING // Digital Economy (Digital Economy). 2023. No. 5.

3. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/digital-marketing-using-organization-activity-planning

Famous athletes from Uzbekistan‌‌

Information about Gulsevar Bosimova, a coach-athlete of the “Uzbek Martial Arts” sport at Sports School 1 in Gallaorol District, Jizzakh Region

Gulsevar Bosimova Dilshod qizi was born on December 21, 2007. Since 2023, she has been practicing the “Uzbek Martial Arts” sport at Sports School 1 in Gallaorol District. Her dedication and passion for sports are particularly noteworthy. Over the years, she has represented our region honorably in various International and Uzbekistan Championship competitions, achieving numerous successes.

Notably, on December 26 – 29, 2023, she claimed a prestigious 1st place at the Jizzakh Region Open Championship in Uzbek Martial Arts for children, juniors, and adults.

On June 27 – 29, 2024, she earned a well-deserved 2nd place in the 53 kg weight category at the Jizzakh Region Championship among juniors, youth, and adults.

For her remarkable performance and 1st place in the 49 kg category at the Uzbekistan Championship for youth born in 2007-2008, she was awarded in recognition of her achievement.

On September 21-22, 2024, she secured a 3rd place at the Uzbekistan Cup held in Tashkent. Her most remarkable achievement came in the World Championship held in Tashkent from November 1 to 7, 2024, where she earned a 3rd place in the 49 kg weight category, proudly raising the flag of our country.

On December 26, 2024, she was honored with the title of “Best Athlete of the Year” for her outstanding achievements in International and Uzbekistan championships throughout the year.

Despite her young age, Gulsevar Bosimova has shown great experience, resilience, and determination in the field of Uzbek Martial Arts. She always strives to complete every task entrusted to her to the highest standard and is highly respected among her peers. In life, she is modest, courteous, honest, and a constant hard worker, setting an example for others in diligently completing assignments. She is an exemplary student.

First of all, an announcement from contributor Chimezie Ihekuna, who is seeking an investor/executive producer for the project, One Man’s Deep Words. It is set in the US.

Produced By Vincent Turner, Developed By Robert Sacchi, 115 pages. Phase: Pre-production/Development, Budget Estimation: $23,000-314,000. Pitch deck and budget list available, please email synchchaos@gmail.com if interested.

Charles Griffin, a philosophy professor, is challenged by Adam, one of his students, over his unruly behaviour while lecturing. Though Charles is unhappy lecturing by the books, Adam’s challenge becomes the inspiration behind his nascent philosophy.

The first issue of 2025 presents a Lazy Susan of Ideas. This phrase comes from Desiree Richter, author of The Presence of Absence, about the accidental death of her young son and her journey out of rigid religious fundamentalism, out recently from the University of New Orleans Press.

In a recent interview on the podcast I Was a Teenage Fundamentalist, Richter describes reading a wide variety of books in her time of grief and being exposed to a whole “lazy Susan of ideas.”

This month’s contributors present a whole turntable of thoughts as well. Some, like Richter’s, are in response to personal or larger griefs, while others are philosophical or introspective or academic or celebratory.

Jack Mellender travels on a lyrical romp through many decades of wild living in California. Shahnoza Ochildiyeva celebrates her educational and personal accomplishments. Ashraful Kabir conveys the journey of self-discovery with a metaphor of a boat ride as Abeera Mizra renders personal awakenings through determined verse and Nick Gunter laments that a person doesn’t recognize his capacity to change. Shukurillayeva Lazzatoy Shamshodovna outlines some pathways towards building new and positive habits while Robiya Ismailjonova brings a spiritual perspective to her call for moral accountability and repentance.

Nathanael Johnson highlights the internal struggles of a boy as he figures out how to grow into a man. Jessica Hu illustrates the self-destructive urges that can come with moments of despair.

Linette Rabsatt’s poetry prepares us for comfort, then joggles our mind with clever contradictions. Marc Frazier’s introspective poetry probes childhood, memory, desire, mortality, and our search for meaning. Noah Berlatsky humorously explores the sometimes-vague boundaries between whimsy and reality. Mark Young’s postwoman pieces frame the world’s many random offerings as gifts to be opened and explored. Susie Gharib speaks to the stories we take from history, mythology, literature, and science. Peter Cherches’ humorous story highlights the wonder, curiosity, and humor that emerges as very different beings meet each other.

Eva Petropolou Lianou interviews Jeanette Eureka Tiburcio, president of a women’s intellectual organization, on how her new book is a fulfillment of a childhood dream and on her wishes for the world.

Yahia Lababidi’s book What Remains to Be Said shares aphorisms and blurbs of his wisdom. Gulsora Mulikboyeva reflects on the impact of a teacher who inspired her to better write in her native Uzbek language.

Farangiz Abduvahidova outlines the life and literary works of Uzbek poetess Mohlaroyim and her importance to Uzbekistan’s literary heritage. Maftuna Bozorova honors the cultural legacy of Uzbek poet Alexander Feinberg. Aziza Burkhonova discusses various pedagogical techniques for language learning. Olimova Shahina explores creative ways to teach English. Eva Lianou Petropolou outlines the accomplishments of Italian Naive panter Nino Camardo. Mamazoirova Rayhona regales us with poetry on the beauty of the colorful Uzbek flag. Federico Wardal interviews Dr. Ahmed Elsersawy on his renewed efforts towards cultural partnership between Egypt and the United States.

Rachida Belkacem’s bilingual poetry evokes a transcendent spiritual companionship. Gabriela Peinado Bertalmio elucidates the beauty of the love between a mother and child. Rahmiddinova Mushtariy pays tribute to her wise and caring father. Duane Vorhees explores sensual intimacy from a variety of angles and perspectives. Lan Qyqalla jumps ahead to Valentine’s Day and autumn in his metaphoric and mythical love poems. Graciela Noemi Villaverde, within intricate verse, compares her love to a sunset and to the dawn.

Kassandra Aguilera illuminates the exquisite agony of unrequited love. After losing love, Taylor Dibbert finds unexpected comfort in solitude.

Don Edwards’ poetry deals with themes of love, loss, uncertainty, and the corrosive nature of domination and control on love. David Sapp’s poems critique the ease and sexiness all too many people have given to forms of violence and domination. Daniel De Culla lampoons dictators, and those with the ambition to become such, from around the world, including the U.S. Pat Doyne mourns the recent U.S. presidential election by parodying a famous poem about a loss in baseball.

Fayowole Benjamin’s poetry laments the toll of war on civilians and families. Mesfakus Salahin reflects on how some of the world is still reeling after the two world wars of the past century. Mykyta Ryzhykh evokes wartime and unanswered calls for love. Through his tale of violation and self-defense, Bill Tope highlights the ubiquitous problem of sexual violence. Christopher Bernard explicates and excoriates the violence inherent within neoliberalism manifested through healthcare systems, showing how organizations and procedures can be more destructive than thugs on the street.

Mirta Ramirez’ piece highlights how true romantic love can inspire artistic and intellectual creativity. Abigail George expresses her poetic hopes for peace in the Middle East as Lidia Popa highlights how artistic creation and the sharing of ideas can be noble pursuits bringing people together across cultures.

Z.I. Mahmud digs out the psychological and sociological and spiritual themes embedded within Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, the tale of two “everymen” condemned, or blessed, with eternal anticipation. Arjun Razdan probes our obligations to each other in his short story “The Misanthrope” and questions what we owe each other and the best ways to do good.

Peter J. Dellolio’s novel The Confession elucidates the psyche of a condemned man who may or may not be guilty. J.J. Campbell’s poetry emanates from the lingering effects of childhood abuse, memories particularly acute around the holidays. Jake Triola’s poetry troubles itself with the state of the world and the speaker’s perceived personal failures, yet finds solace in walking outdoors.

Jumanazarov Zohidjon ponders the calming beauty of rain while Sayani Mukherjee celebrates a beautiful day on the green earth. O’tkir Mulikboyev pays homage to snow, trees in winter, romance, his home country, song, cheer, childhood, and the holidays. Brian Barbeito reflects on nature and his childhood on a still, snowy day. Jacques Fleury revels in a woodland dawn and the diversity and richness of the natural world. Corey Cook’s new haiku chapbook heads held low hallows a sacred moment when a cardinal bird sings in an empty church.

Isabel Gomez de Diego’s photography illuminates the glory of a city lit up at night for Christmas. Marc Frazier’s photography spotlights moments of intersection among nature, urbanity, and the human imagination. In Mahbub Alam’s piece, a couple watches a thunderstorm from indoors through a window, captivated by the effects of the wind. In contrast, Sodiqova Adolatxon’s poetic speaker gets tired of staying inside through a rainstorm and longs to go back outdoors.

Nurmurodova Gulsoda explores elements of trigonometry in her piece, reveling in the beauty of mathematics as one of the languages of nature. Jasur Mulikboyev celebrates the way a gifted chemistry teacher makes the material come alive for students. Ruxshona Toxirova presents some methods for better diagnostics and treatment for children with type 2 diabetes.

Maftuna Mehrojova outlines the need for and progress towards sustainable and green economic development in Uzbekistan. Alisher Muhtarjonov issues a strident call for people of the world to protect nature.

Eva Lianou Petropolou encourages us to choose care and respect for others in the face of life’s personal and global struggles. Zuhra Ruzmetova celebrates the New Year and the dawning of renewed hope. Lilian Dipasupil Kunimasa reflects on the meaning of the nativity scene and on starting afresh to choose kindness and a compassionate attitude in the New Year.

Photo is of a young Central Asian woman with dark hair, brown eyes, and a gray pant suit over a white collared top speaking at a podium.

Abduvahidova Farangiz

2nd stage student of Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov. 

Abduxalilboyev Alisher 3rd stage student of the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad Al-Khorazmi​​​​. Uzbekistan. 

Artistic arts found in Nadirabegim’s life path and ghazals.

Abstract: In the article, we have mentioned the life path and literary heritage of our poetess Mohlaroyim, who made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek poetry. Also, we will get acquainted with the explanation of the artistic tools used in her ghazals and the sentences that are the basis for the creation of this art.

Key words: Nadira, Maknuna, Komila, metaphor, tazad, ghazal, muhammas, literary environment.

Our talented poet Mohlaroyim, who wrote ghazals in Persian and Turkish under the pseudonyms “Komila”, “Maknuna” and “Nadira”, was born in 1792 in the family of Andijan governor Rahmonqulbi. He was not only a teacher, but also an enlightener and a statesman. In 1807, Nadira was married to Omar Khan, governor of Margilan. Nadira plays a major role in shaping the literary atmosphere in the palace. The reason is that her husband Omar Khan also created under the pseudonym Amiri. Nadira meets Uvaisi and invites him to the palace as a teacher. In 1810, Amir Olim Khan dies and Umar Khan comes to the throne. From this year, Nadira will continue her work in Kokon. Due to the tragic death of Amir Umar Khan in 1822, his son Madali Khan took over the throne. During Madali Khan’s rule, many madrasahs, mosques, caravanserais were built and served to improve the creative environment. Nadirabegim and his family were executed by Amir Nasrullah, the ruler of Bukhara Emirate in 1842.

 Although the poetess did not live long, her works of about 10,000 verses were inherited. In addition to ghazals, he also penned mukhammas, rubai, and fard genres. In his ghazals, separation and grief are sincerely described and he continued the traditions of famous poets such as Navoi, Bedil, and Fuzuli. There are 19 (328 verses) ghazals under the pseudonym “Komila”, and one divan with 333 ghazals under the pseudonym “Maknuna”. Under the pseudonym “Nadira” 180 poems are collected, 136 of them are in the Uzbek language, 44 in the Tajik language. Among them, there are 11 muhammas, 2 musaddas, 1 muhammas, 1 translation, 1 table of contents and 1 statement.  

Nadira’s radiative ghazals “Vasl uyin obod mem…”, “Marhabo”, “Dahrni examinet ke te”, “Sogindim” are very popular. A number of artistic arts were also used to make the ghazals more subtle.

I improved the house, but it was destroyed by the emigration

Unfortunately, this building was destroyed.

In this verse, the art of tazad was created by means of the words prosperity and destruction. Tazad is an art created by imitating things. Seli ghamdin is used in the meaning of a flood of sorrow and was the basis for the creation of the art of Mubolaga. Exaggeration is the art of exaggerating beyond belief.

He did it until the piraham stain revealed my tongue,

I don’t have any more love hidden in my heart.

The words love, heart, and soul created the art of harmony, and the words open and hidden created contrast. Contrast is an art created by contrasting things. Proportion – Many art forms rely on the spiritual association of words in poetry. It is the poet’s use of words that are logically related to each other and require each other.

Zahida, forgive the people of love,

What happened to Sheikh San’an in Yor Bay?

This verse describes the art of talmeh. Sheikh San’an used this art by mentioning his name. Ishq, love, asceticism are the basis of the art of relationship. The art of proportion is formed from cognate words and synonyms in linguistics. Talmeh is one of the widely used art forms in classical poetry. In this, the poet summarizes his thoughts by referring to a famous story, event or work, person. 

Although there was a special order of the giants,

After all, Suleiman died in a bad way.

Mor is the art of dev tazad, Sulayman is the art of talmeh.

Because the jewel of my heart is blood instead of love,

 Tears dripped from my eyesThis verse uses the art of tashbeh, the gem of love – the gem of love. Allegory is one of the most productive poetic arts widely used in literature. It can be said to make it into Uzbek. In metaphor, things, signs, and actions are described by analogy and comparison. In addition, another art was involved in this very verse. It emphasizes the tears through the word necklace. This art is called metaphor. Istiora is an Arabic word that means “borrowing”. One thing is called by another name.

My figon, the collar of my son,

I am very sad, my heart, you are not aware of it.

In this verse, the word “heart” is used as an exhortation. From the fine arts, it was the basis for the art of exclamation. Nido is distinguished from other poetic arts by its ability to openly and powerfully describe the feelings and emotions of the human heart. In this case, the thought is focused on a person or an object.

If you want to repair the Kaaba,

Turn the broken heart into a prosperous one.

In this verse, the word Ka’ba is contrasted with the words talmeh and abad – ruin. In our linguistics, the words that form the art of contrast are called antonyms – words with opposite meanings.

The work of the poetess is a great heritage for us. Despite being the wife of the king, Nadirabegim did not stop her creativity. He worked to make people and people intelligent and enlightened people. He managed to unite the intellectuals of that time around him. Life at that time was a little easier. The work of the poet began to be studied during her lifetime and works dedicated to her were created. For example, “Tuhvatut-tawarikh” by Avazmuhammad Attar, “Muntahabut-tavarikh” by Hakim Khan Tora, “History of Fargana” by Ishaq Khan Tora, “Haft Gulshan” by Nadir-uzlat. We saw the poetic arts in the analysis of the poet’s ghazals and analyzed them. We will continue the analysis in our next work.

List of used literature.

1) 10th grade literature part 1. “National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan” state scientific publication.: Tashkent – 2017

2) 6th grade literature part 2. “Spirituality”.: Tashkent – 2017.

3) Uz.m.wikipedia.org

4) knowledge.uz

5) n.ziyouz.com

Green


A slowly cacophonous morning
Screaming of faultless surprises
I call back at the ruinous evening
The way the sea chanters will sing
And mourn the last evening
The soil of earth soaked happiness
The numbness, the choice of green fragility
The bemoaning madness of survival of green moist
Is this a new horizon of tumultuous ocean? 
I sign and beck a call of happiness
The night knows thousand epiphanies
A fireglow at the tale end 
Till I lose my breathe for the sky line wine. 

I love the rain

I love the rain, its gentle touch

A soothing balm, I love so much

It washes away my worries and pain

And fills my soul with peace again

The pitter-patter on the window pane

A symphony of nature’s refrain

The earth drinks in its sweet embrace

And all the world seems in its place

The air is cool, the scent is clean

A tranquil beauty, rarely seen

I love to dance in the falling drops

And feel the rhythm, my heart never stops

The rain brings life to every living thing

A gift from above, like a melody to sing

I love the rain, its calming sound

It brings me joy, wherever it’s found

Jumanazarov Zohidjon Eldor’s son was born on March 14, 2006 in Narpay district of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Samarkand region. Nation is Uzbek. Incomplete education. In 2012-2023 he studied at the 16th comprehensive school of Narpay district of Samarkand region. In 2023, the Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture was admitted to the “Culture and Arts Management” on the basis of a grant. He has achieved a lot of success during school and now. During the institute, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and in December 2023, set a global ranking record for IQ (40 seconds).